PENGUKURAN KADAR LOGAM Hg, KADMIUM, ARSEN, DAN KROMIUM (VALENSI 6) DALAM AIR SUMUR

The presence of metals such as Hg, Cd, As, and Cr6+ in waters can cause health problems. Hg poisoning causes central nervous system symptoms, Cd poisoning can cause digestive problems and kidney disease, As poisoning can cause jaundice, kidney bleeding, and skin cancer and Cr6+ is highly corrosive and can cause cancer. This study aimed to measure the levels of Hg, Cd, As, and Cr6+ in water wells in Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. In this study, the AAS method was used at 253.7 nm for Hg analysis; 228.8 nm for Cd analysis; 193.7 nm on As analysis, and UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at 530/540 nm for Cr(VI) analysis. The water wells in Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency have Hg, As, Cd, and Cr6+ levels of 0.0006 each; <0.002; <0.0002; and <0.013 mg/L (well water A) and <0.0006; <0.002; <0.0002; and <0.013 mg/L (well water B). Based on the chemical parameters, it can be concluded that the levels of Hg, As, Cd, and Cr6+ still meet the quality standards (maximum levels)

ANALISIS KADAR SURFAKTAN ANIONIK DAN ZAT ANORGANIK (KMNO4) DALAM AIR SUMUR

Kadar surfaktan anionik dalam air yang melebihi ambang batas dapat meningkatkan toksisitas racun dan dapat menjadi zat karsinogenik. Selain itu, bahan organik berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas estetika air dengan menyebabkan masalah bau, rasa, dan warna serta menimbulkan risiko kesehatan bagi konsumen dengan menyebabkan produk samping disinfektan yang bersifat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar surfaktan anionik dan bahan anorganik (KMnO4) pada air sumur di sekitar Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran kadar surfaktan anionik adalah spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan mengukur serapan larutan uji pada panjang gelombang 652 nm sedangkan pengukuran bahan anorganik (KMnO4) menggunakan metode titrasi permanganometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar surfaktan anionik dan bahan organik (KMnO4) pada sampel air sumur A sekitar Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo masing-masing 0,037 dan 9,5 mg/L. Sedangkan kadar surfaktan anionik dan bahan anorganik pada sampel air sumur B masing-masing sebesar 0,16 dan 8,53 mg/L. Dengan demikian sampel air sumur A masih memenuhi parameter kimia surfaktan anionik dan bahan organik, sedangkan sampel air sumur B masih memenuhi parameter kimia bahan anorganik namun melebihi parameter surfaktan anionik

Phytochemical Screening of Sunflower Leaf (Helianthus annuus) and Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica Linn) Plant Ethanol Extract

Many local plants in Indonesia were used as traditional medicines, such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and anting-anting (Acalypha indica Linn) plants. Both of them can be used as an antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and antihyperlipidemic. This study aims to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites groups contained in sunflower leaf and anting-anting plants for the testing of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. This study included the extraction of sunflower leaves and anting-anting plants separately using the maceration method for 24 hours with 80% ethanol solvent. The stirring was aided by a shaker for three hours. Each extract was tested by phytochemicals with reagents. The results of phytochemical tests with reagents showed that 80% ethanol extract of sunflower leaves contained an alkaloid, tannin, steroid, and sesquiterpenoid compounds whereas anting-anting plants contained an alkaloid, flavonoid, and triterpenoid compounds

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, KADAR FENOLIK, DAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL DAUN JATI CINA (Senna alexandrina)

Free radicals are unstable molecules or chemical fragments with one or more unpaired electrons that can cause organ damage, resulting in chronic and degenerative disorders. Antioxidant substances can reduce the effects of free radicals. Chinese teak (Senna alexandrina) leaves, which include flavonoids and phenols, are one source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study is to extract Chinese teak leaf powder with ethanol and measure the levels of flavonoids and total phenolics. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of an ethanol extract of Chinese teak leaves was investigated. After soaking Chinese teak leaf powder in ethanol, the filtrate is condensed using a rotary evaporator. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels are measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique is used to determine antioxidant activity. The yield of the ethanol extract of Chinese teak leaves was 3.3%, with flavonoids and total phenolics values of 7.94 mg QE/g and 7.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. Each test solution demonstrated antioxidant activity of 20, 40, 80, and 100 mg/L, with the greatest activity at 100 mg/L having a percent inhibition value of 83%

Uji koefisien fenol benzalkonium klorida dan pine oil terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidismerupakan bakteri flora normal yang berhabitat di kulit manusia, saluran pernapasan gastrointestinal yang merupakan penyebab dari infeksi nosokomial dan supurasi fokal (abses) yang memberikan hasil tes koagulase negatif. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan bahan desinfektan benzalkonium klorida 1,5% dan pine oil 2,5% terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis, mengetahui nilai koefisien dan pengenceran tertinggi dengan waktu tercepat kedua bahan desinfektan ini dalam membunuh bakteri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Koefisien Fenol. Desinfektan yang digunakan mengandung benzalkonium klorida 1,5% dan pine oil 2,5% yang telah diencerkan dimulai pengenceran 1:5 s/d 1:100 sedangkan fenol dibuat mulai pengenceran 1:70 s/d 1:110. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwadesinfektan yang mengandung benzalkonium klorida 1,5% dan pine oil 2,5% kurang efektif membunuh bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis.Daya bunuh fenol 5% terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis berada pada pengenceran 1: 70 dalam waktu 21/2menit, daya bunuh desinfektan yang mengandung benzalkonium klorida 1,5% terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis berada pada pengenceran 1: 5 dalam waktu 21/2menit, dan daya bunuh desinfektan yang mengandung pine oil 2,5% terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidisberada pada pengenceran 1: 30 dalam waktu 21/2menit. Nilai koefisien fenol benzalkonium klorida 1,5% terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah 0,07 sedangkan nilai koefisien fenol pine oil 2,5% terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidisadalah 0,43

ANALISIS KUANTITATIF Fe DAN Mn DALAM AIR SUMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)

Fe and Mn metal are two types of an environmental pollutant that is usually found in water. The danger of Fe and Mn metals in groundwater is that they can cause poisoning, intestinal damage, and chronic diseases in humans. The study aimed to measure the levels of Fe and Mn in well water in Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. Fe and Mn levels were determined using the AAS method with a wavelength of 248.3 nm for Fe and 279.5 nm for Mn. The levels of Fe and Mn in well A water samples were 0.08 and 0.08 mg/L, respectively, while the Fe and Mn levels in well B water samples were 0.019 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Thus, the well water samples still meet the quality standards (maximum levels) for the chemical parameters of Fe and Mn in the environmental health quality standards

PENGUKURAN KADAR FLUORIDA, NITRAT, DAN NITRIT DALAM AIR SUMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Fluoride is beneficial to human health but its excess or lack of water is harmful to humans as well as the environment and can cause fluorosis. On the other hand, the intake of high concentrations of nitrates and nitrites can cause methemoglobinemia. This study aims to analyze fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite levels in well water around Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The method used in this study was UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 570 nm for the measurement of fluoride levels and a wavelength of 543 nm for the measurement of nitrate and nitrite cadaver. The results showed that the well water around the Taman District of Sidoarjo Regency had fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite levels in the sample of 0.23 each; 0,73; and 0.019 mg/L (well water A) and 0.18; 0,8; and 0.042 mg/L (well water B). The fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite levels still meet the quality standard (maximum level) of chemical parameters in the environmental health quality standard for water media for sanitary hygiene purposes

Determination of flavonoid content of ethanol and ethyl acetate extract from purple passion fruit peel

Purple passion fruit is a fruit that is widely cultivated in Indonesia for syrup and juice making. Purple passion fruit has a high nutritional value, such as antioxidants. Passion fruit contains vitamin A, vitamin C, β-carotene, flavonoid, and fiber components. However, passion fruit peel is a waste that can not be appropriately facilitated, so it becomes a waste that can pollute the environment. In addition, the passion fruit peel contains flavonoids that can be used as antidiabetic drugs. This study aimed to determine the difference in flavonoid levels in the peel extract of purple passion fruit by using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The total flavonoid test using the AlCl3 method is then read on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed total flavonoid levels of passion fruit peel extract with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents of 15.01 mg QE/g samples and 1.27 mg QE/g extract. The highest total flavonoid levels were obtained in ethanol extract of 15.01 mg QE/g extract

Analisis Kadar Fosfat Dalam Air Sungai Ngelom Kabupaten Sidoarjo Jawa Timur

Fosfat merupakan senyawa kimia dalam bentuk ion yang dapat menurunkan kualitas perairan dan membahayakan kehidupan makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar fosfat dalam air sungai Ngelom yang mengalir di Desa Ngelom Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penentuan kadar fosfat yang terdapat dalam air sungai dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Reagen yang digunakan dalam pengukuran fosfat adalah ammonium molibdat dan SnCl2 yang ditunjukkan dengan perubahan warna menjadi biru. Larutan standar dan sampel tersebut diukur absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang sinar tampak 650 nm. Absorbansi fosfat yang dihasilkan sebanding dengan kadar fosfat yang terdapat dalam air sungai.  Penentuan kadar fosfat dalam air sungai dilaksanakan pada rentang konsentrasi linear 10 – 180 mg/L dengan nilai correlation coeffisien (r) sebesar 0,9561 dengan limit of detection (LoD) dan limit of quantification (LoQ), masing-masing sebesar 1 mg/L dan 4 mg/L. Hasil pengujian kadar fosfat dalam sampel air sungai menunjukkan bahwa kadar fosfat dalam sampel air sungai berkisar antara 2 – 4,7 mg/L.  Dengan demikian, kadar fosfat dalam keseluruhan sampel air sungai tersebut masih memenuhi syarat ketentuan PP Republik Indonesia No 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk kelas 4