Immunological aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Incidencija kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti (KOPB) je u porastu i smatra se trećim vodećim uzrokom smrtnosti u svijetu što predstavlja globalni zdravstveni problem. U većini slučajeva uzrokovana je djelovanjem štetnih sastavnica cigaretnog dima, a karakterizira ju djelomično reverzibilna, ali progresivna opstrukcija dišnih putova koja se pogoršava egzacerbacijama. Strukturne i upalne stanice urođene i stečene imunosti u respiratornom traktu na cigaretni dim i druge iritanse reagiraju oslobađanjem medijatora upale kao što su IL1, IL6, IL8 i TNFα koji regrutiraju dodatne upalne stanice kao CD8+ i CD4+ T stanice, te orkestriraju urođenim i stečenim imunosnim reakcijama. KOPB je obilježen opsežnom imunosnom disfunkcijom koja dovodi do egzacerbacija i progresije bolesti, a posljedično i smanjenju kvalitete života.The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in increase and is considered to be the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a global health problem. Most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoke, and is characterized by its partially reversible but progressive obstruction of the respiratory tract that aggravates exacerbations. Structural and inflammatory cells of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract, react to cigarette smoke and other irritants, by releasing inflammatory mediators such as IL1, IL6, IL8 and TNFα which recruit additional inflammatory cells such as CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, and orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. COPD is characterized by extensive immune dysfunction which leads to exacerbation and progression of the disease, and consequently to the reduction of the quality of life

Immunological aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Incidencija kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti (KOPB) je u porastu i smatra se trećim vodećim uzrokom smrtnosti u svijetu što predstavlja globalni zdravstveni problem. U većini slučajeva uzrokovana je djelovanjem štetnih sastavnica cigaretnog dima, a karakterizira ju djelomično reverzibilna, ali progresivna opstrukcija dišnih putova koja se pogoršava egzacerbacijama. Strukturne i upalne stanice urođene i stečene imunosti u respiratornom traktu na cigaretni dim i druge iritanse reagiraju oslobađanjem medijatora upale kao što su IL1, IL6, IL8 i TNFα koji regrutiraju dodatne upalne stanice kao CD8+ i CD4+ T stanice, te orkestriraju urođenim i stečenim imunosnim reakcijama. KOPB je obilježen opsežnom imunosnom disfunkcijom koja dovodi do egzacerbacija i progresije bolesti, a posljedično i smanjenju kvalitete života.The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in increase and is considered to be the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a global health problem. Most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoke, and is characterized by its partially reversible but progressive obstruction of the respiratory tract that aggravates exacerbations. Structural and inflammatory cells of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract, react to cigarette smoke and other irritants, by releasing inflammatory mediators such as IL1, IL6, IL8 and TNFα which recruit additional inflammatory cells such as CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, and orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. COPD is characterized by extensive immune dysfunction which leads to exacerbation and progression of the disease, and consequently to the reduction of the quality of life

Dextran-coated silver nanoparticles for improved barrier and controlled antimicrobial properties of nanocellulose films used in food packaging

The effect of dextran-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs 12.0 ± 1.9 nm) loading (0−0.42 wt%) on the mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of thin (50−60 μm) films prepared from cellulose nanofibrils by solvent casting method were studied as eco-friendly and food-preservative packaging materials. The presence of dextran was shown to act not only as a dispersing media for Ag NPs and controlling its release but also as a moisture-resistant sealable additive that, synergetically with reduced oxygen permeability, may preserve the food against bacteria growth. Thus, significantly reduced Oxygen Transmission Rates (from 2.07 to 1.40-0.78 cm3 m−2d−1) and hydrophilicity (from 20.8° to 52.4° for MilliQ water, and from 35-37° to 62-74° for 3 % acetic acid and 0.9 % NaCl simulant solutions), yielding a 99.9 % inhibition of Escherichia coli after five repeated cycles of 24 h exposure to 0.9 % NaCl solution was displayed, supported by a controlled release of Ag+ ions (below the toxicologically harmful threshold, <0.5 mg L-1)

Immunological aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Incidencija kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti (KOPB) je u porastu i smatra se trećim vodećim uzrokom smrtnosti u svijetu što predstavlja globalni zdravstveni problem. U većini slučajeva uzrokovana je djelovanjem štetnih sastavnica cigaretnog dima, a karakterizira ju djelomično reverzibilna, ali progresivna opstrukcija dišnih putova koja se pogoršava egzacerbacijama. Strukturne i upalne stanice urođene i stečene imunosti u respiratornom traktu na cigaretni dim i druge iritanse reagiraju oslobađanjem medijatora upale kao što su IL1, IL6, IL8 i TNFα koji regrutiraju dodatne upalne stanice kao CD8+ i CD4+ T stanice, te orkestriraju urođenim i stečenim imunosnim reakcijama. KOPB je obilježen opsežnom imunosnom disfunkcijom koja dovodi do egzacerbacija i progresije bolesti, a posljedično i smanjenju kvalitete života.The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in increase and is considered to be the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a global health problem. Most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoke, and is characterized by its partially reversible but progressive obstruction of the respiratory tract that aggravates exacerbations. Structural and inflammatory cells of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract, react to cigarette smoke and other irritants, by releasing inflammatory mediators such as IL1, IL6, IL8 and TNFα which recruit additional inflammatory cells such as CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, and orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. COPD is characterized by extensive immune dysfunction which leads to exacerbation and progression of the disease, and consequently to the reduction of the quality of life

Antimicrobial Activity of Amino-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with amino-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (NH2−CNFs) were in situ-prepared by reducing silver ions with free amino groups from NH2−CNFs. The spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated nanometer-in-size Ag NPs within micrometer-large NH2−CNFs of high (20 wt.-%) content. Although the consumption of amino groups during the formation of Ag NPs lowers the ζ-potential and surface charge of prepared inorganic–organic hybrids (from +31.3 to +19.9 mV and from 2.4 to 1.0 mmol/g at pH 7, respectively), their values are sufficiently positive to ensure electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell walls of pathogens in acidic and slightly (up to pH ~8.5) alkaline solutions. The antimicrobial activity of hybrid microparticles against various pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) is comparable with pristine NH2−CNFs. However, a long-timescale use of hybrids ensures the slow and controlled release of Ag+ ions to surrounding media (less than 1.0 wt.-% for one month)

Limitations of harmonics control in power converters

In this paper, we analyze the constraints of harmonics control in power electronic systems. Based on an equivalent circuit of a typical power converter application and its parameters, we have derived an analytical expression for calculating the maximal amplitude of controlled harmonic current. This expression has been successfully verified on an experimental setup, designed around a single-phase grid-connected bidirectional inverter. The pulse width modulated (PWM) driven inverter has been controlled by multiple resonant controllers, each of them providing individual control of a selected harmonic current. By using the derived expression and taking into account the parameters of converter application, power electronics designers could quickly determine the limitations of harmonics control

Induction motor broken rotor bar detection based on rotor flux angle monitoring

This paper presents a method for the detection of broken rotor bars in an induction motor. After introducing a simplified dynamic model of an induction motor with broken cage bars in a rotor field reference frame which allows for observation of its internal states, a fault detection algorithm is proposed. Two different motor estimation models are used, and the difference between their rotor flux angles is extracted. A particular frequency component in this signal appears only in the case of broken rotor bars. Consequently, the proposed algorithm is robust enough to load oscillations and/or machine temperature change, and also indicates the fault severity. The method has been verified at different operating points by simulations as well as experimentally. The fault detection is reliable even in cases where traditional methods give ambiguous verdicts