A Genetic Locus within the FMN1/GREM1 Gene Region Interacts with Body Mass Index in Colorectal Cancer Risk

Colorectal cancer risk can be impacted by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including diet and obesity. Geneenvironment interactions (G x E) can provide biological insights into the effects of obesity on colorectal cancer risk. Here, we assessed potential genome-wide G x E interactions between body mass index (BMI) and common SNPs for colorectal cancer risk using data from 36,415 colorectal cancer cases and 48,451 controls from three international colorectal cancer consortia (CCFR, CORECT, and GECCO). The G x E tests included the conventional logistic regression using multiplicative terms (one degree of freedom, 1DF test), the two-step EDGE method, and the joint 3DF test, each of which is powerful for detecting G x E interactions under specific conditions. BMI was associated with higher colorectal cancer risk. The two-step approach revealed a statistically significant GxBMI interaction located within the Formin 1/Gremlin 1 (FMN1/GREM1) gene region (rs58349661). This SNP was also identified by the 3DF test, with a suggestive statistical significance in the 1DF test. Among participants with the CC genotype of rs58349661, overweight and obesity categories were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, whereas null associations were observed across BMI categories in those with the TT genotype. Using data from three large international consortia, this study discovered a locus in the FMN1/GREM1 gene region that interacts with BMI on the association with colorectal cancer risk. Further studies should examine the potential mechanisms through which this locus modifies the etiologic link between obesity and colorectal cancer

Nonreversible Immobilization of Water-Borne Plutonium onto Self-Assembled Adlayers of Silanized Humic Materials

The objective was to study plutonium partitioning between immobile and mobile humic materials at the water–solid interfaces. Immobilization of the humic materials on solid supports was performed in situ using self-adhesive silanized humic derivatives. The presence of the humic adlayers on solid supports was shown to significantly enhance Pu sorption and its retention under both steady state and dynamic conditions. While plutonium may exist in multiple oxidations states plus colloidal forms, the major thrust in this work was to study the behavior of most mobile – the PuO₂⁺ form in dilute solutions. The values of the plutonium partition coefficients (<i>K</i>_d) between water and humics-coated silica gels after 10 days exposure reached 1.6 × 10⁴ L·kg^–1 at pH 7.5 under anaerobic conditions with a total plutonium concentration of 1.2 × 10^–8 M exceeding those for the uncoated SiO₂ (6.3 × 10² L·kg^–1). Column tests showed substantial sequestration of water-borne plutonium (up to 73%) on the humics-coated silica gels. Remobilization experiments conducted under batch conditions at different pH values (3.5, 4.5, 7.5) showed that no more than 3% of the sequestered Pu was remobilized from the humics-coated silica gels by treatment with dissolved humic materials at environmentally relevant pH of 7.5. Consequently, silanized humic materialas can be seen as both molecular probes and as potent candidate materials for scavenging mobile Pu from an aqueous phase

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of interaction of Np5+ with goethite α-FeOOH

Neptunyl NpO2n+ complexes on the surface of goethite α-(FeOOH) resulted from the interaction of neptunyl nitrate (NpO2NO3, 10-6 M) in the aqueous media with the background electrolyte (NaClO4) of ionic force 0.1 M (pH = 7.0 ± 0.2) were formed and studied with the X-ray photo electron spectroscopy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ionic and elemental quantitative analysis of the goethite and products of its interaction with neptunyl and plutonyl nitrates was carried out. It was established that during the studied neptunyl nitrate - goethite interaction Np4+ and Np6+ com pounds did not to form, while the complexes of neptunyl group NpO21+ containing Np5+ ions with oxygen, water and/or car bon ate ions in the equatorial planes did

38 Nu clear Tech nol ogy &amp; Ra di a tion Pro tec tion –1/2005 X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF INTERACTION OF Np 5+ WITH GOETHITE a-FeOOH by

n+ com plexes on the sur face of goethite a-(FeOOH) re sulted from the in ter ac tion of neptunyl ni trate (NpO 2NO 3, 10-6 M) in the aque ous me dia with the back ground elec tro lyte (NaClO 4) of ionic force 0.1 M (pH = 7.0 � 0.2) were formed and stud ied with the X-ray pho to elec tron spec tros copy. The X-ray pho to elec tron spec-tros copy ionic and el e men tal quan ti ta tive anal y sis of the goethite and prod ucts of its in ter ac tion with neptunyl and plutonyl ni trates was car ried out. It was es tab lished that dur ing the stud ied neptunyl ni trate – goethite in ter ac tion Np 4+ and Np 6+ com pounds did not to form, while the com plexes of neptunyl group NpO

A Genetic Locus within the FMN1/GREM1 Gene Region Interacts with Body Mass Index in Colorectal Cancer Risk

Colorectal cancer risk can be impacted by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, including diet and obesity. Gene-environment interactions (G × E) can provide biological insights into the effects of obesity on colorectal cancer risk. Here, we assessed potential genome-wide G × E interactions between body mass index (BMI) and common SNPs for colorectal cancer risk using data from 36,415 colorectal cancer cases and 48,451 controls from three international colorectal cancer consortia (CCFR, CORECT, and GECCO). The G × E tests included the conventional logistic regression using multiplicative terms (one degree of freedom, 1DF test), the two-step EDGE method, and the joint 3DF test, each of which is powerful for detecting G × E interactions under specific conditions. BMI was associated with higher colorectal cancer risk. The two-step approach revealed a statistically significant G×BMI interaction located within the Formin 1/Gremlin 1 (FMN1/GREM1) gene region (rs58349661). This SNP was also identified by the 3DF test, with a suggestive statistical significance in the 1DF test. Among participants with the CC genotype of rs58349661, overweight and obesity categories were associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, whereas null associations were observed across BMI categories in those with the TT genotype. Using data from three large international consortia, this study discovered a locus in the FMN1/GREM1 gene region that interacts with BMI on the association with colorectal cancer risk. Further studies should examine the potential mechanisms through which this locus modifies the etiologic link between obesity and colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This gene-environment interaction analysis revealed a genetic locus in FMN1/GREM1 that interacts with body mass index in colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential implications for precision prevention strategies