19 research outputs found
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Process of Returning to Work for Mid-Career Nurses Who Continue Working After a Sabbatical or Leaving Work Due to Mental Health Disorders
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ãã圹å²ãšçè·åž«å人ã倧åã«ããŠãã信念ã倧ããããé¢ããªãããšã倧åã§ããïŒThis research was designed to determine the process of support system construction by nurses returning to work after taking a sabbatical or leaving work due to mental health disorders from the viewpoint of career development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine nurses that had left their jobs due to mental health disorders after more than 3 years of employment and then returned to the profession. These interviews were then analyzed using the trajectory equifinality approach. The results indicated four bifurcation points (BFP) on the process of reaching equifinality so they could continue their nursing careers with prospects: âThe burdens of work weigh heavily on both the body and mind,â âThe willingness to continue working changes due to current conditions and anxiety about the future,â âExperiencing tension from the frustration and anxiety of not doing anything,â and âGearing oneself toward being a nurse.â In addition, the results indicated that up to the point where they discontinued their careers, âBelief of being an expert who has assumed a nursing careerâ worked to both promote and obstruct career development. The results of this study indicated the necessity of career development support for nurses. To provide career development support to nurses that have taken sabbaticals or left work due to mental health disorders, it is necessary to pay attention to their BFP, which may cause some ambivalence and develop multiple possibilities, and provide detailed support appropriate to the personâ s experiences. In addition, support is preferable to provide opportunities for nurses to see various unexpected incidents as chances to develop their careers and nurture their skills to overcome problems. The roles that the organizations for which they work expect nurses to adopt and the beliefs that nurses value should generally be in accordance with each other
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Branching pattern and morphogenesis of medusa tentacles in the jellyfish Cladonema pacificum (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)
Abstract Background Branched structures are found in many natural settings, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their formation in animal development have extensively studied in recent years. Despite their importance and the accumulated knowledge from studies on several organs of Drosophila and mammals, much remains unknown about branching mechanisms in other animal species. We chose to study the jellyfish species Cladonema pacificum. Unlike many other jellyfish, this species has branched medusa tentacles, and its basal phylogenetic position in animal evolution makes it an ideal organism for studying and understanding branching morphogenesis more broadly. Branched tentacles are unique compared to other well-studied branched structures in that they have two functionally distinct identities: one with adhesive organs for attaching to a substratum, and another with nematocyst clusters for capturing prey. Results We began our analyses on C. pacificum tentacles by observing their branching during growth. We found that tentacle branches form through repeated addition of new branches to the proximal region of the main tentacle while it is elongating. At the site of branch bud formation, we observed apical thickening of the epidermal epithelial layer, possibly caused by extension of the epithelial cells along the apico-basal axis. Interestingly, tentacle branch formation required receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, which is an essential factor for branching morphogenesis in Drosophila and mammals. We also found that new branches form adhesive organs first, and then are transformed into branches with nematocyst clusters as they develop. Conclusions These results highlight unique features in branch generation in C. pacificum medusa tentacles and illuminate conserved and fundamental mechanisms by which branched structures are created across a variety of animal species