Electronic mechanism of ion expulsion under UV nanosecond laser excitation of silicon: Experiment and modeling

We present experimental and modeling studies of UV nanosecond pulsed laser desorption and ablation of (111) bulk silicon. The results involve a new approach to the analysis of plume formation dynamics under high-energy photon irradiation of the semiconductor surface. Non-thermal, photo-induced desorption has been observed at low laser fluence, well below the melting threshold. Under ablation conditions, the non-thermal ions have also a high concentration. The origin of these ions is discussed on the basis of electronic excitation of Si surface states associated with the Coulomb explosion mechanism. We present a model describing dynamics of silicon target excitation, heating and harge-carrier transport

“OF ALL, I MOST HATE BULGARIANS”: SITUATING OPLAKVANE IN BULGARIAN DISCOURSE AS A CULTURAL TERM FOR COMMUNICATIVE PRACTICE

The following dissertation raises these questions: how do people talk about their communication, and what role does this play as constructing a widely used cultural resource? The specific data concerns oplakvane, referring both to a key cultural term and a range of communication practices in Bulgaria. This term, and these practices are explored through the theoretical and methodological frame of cultural communication (Philipsen, 1981-87), ethnography of communication (Hymes, 1962), and cultural discourse analysis (Carbaugh, 1992, 2007a, 2010). The analyses demonstrate how oplakvane, which can loosely be translated as “complaining” and “mourning”, functions as a deeply shared cultural resource for communication (Carbaugh, 1989a) and as a system of deeply rooted communication practices. These practices often occur in a cyclical form, in a ritualized manner (Philipsen, 1987), which, when enacted, pays homage in re-constructing a sacred object, a particular Bulgarian identity. Through and within oplakvane practices, a specific cultural “reality” connected to the larger narrative of the Bulgarian “situation” is reconstituted, with radiants of meaning being activated for identity, elaborated through its deep sense of dwelling, related emotions, and habits of routine action. The findings, therefore, offer an understanding of oplakvane as a Bulgarian way in which communication constitutes culture, and works as a discursive resource for the management and recreation of the Bulgarian cultural landscape. Discussion of the findings demonstrates how the study enriches the ethnography of communication field substantively, theoretically, and methodologically

History of spine surgery in older obese patients

Goal: To study the interaction of obesity and age in patients with multiple spine surgeries

О правописании заимствованных слов в якутском языке

The article is devoted to one of the topical issues of the Yakut spelling - the spelling of words borrowed from the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to trace the current state of spelling of borrowed words in the modern Yakut language. The study is carried out on material extracted from national newspapers. The theoretical basis for the study are the methodological provisions of N.D. Dyachkovsky on the description of the phonetic system of the Yakut language. The main methods of work are: the method of continuous sampling during the initial collection of material from newspaper sources, the method of linguistic analysis, descriptive method using the methods of observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization, method of quantitative data processing. The article presents the results of the analysis of spelling changes of Russisms that have undergone phonetic development, which can be used in the practice of compiling dictionaries of the Yakut language. It is concluded that the tendency to increase in phonetic spelling is in line with the dominant phonetic principle of the Yakut spelling.El artículo está dedicado a uno de los temas principales de la ortografía de Yakut: la ortografía de las palabras tomadas del idioma ruso. El propósito del estudio es rastrear el estado actual de la ortografía de las palabras prestadas en el lenguaje moderno Yakut. El estudio se realiza sobre material extraído de periódicos nacionales. Las bases teóricas para el estudio son las disposiciones metodológicas de N.D. Dyachkovsky sobre la descripción del sistema fonético de la lengua yakut. Los principales métodos de trabajo son: el método de muestreo continuo durante la recolección inicial de material de fuentes periodísticas, el método de análisis lingüístico, el método descriptivo que utiliza los métodos de observación, interpretación, comparación, generalización, método de procesamiento de datos cuantitativos. El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de los cambios ortográficos de los rusos que han experimentado un desarrollo fonético, que se pueden utilizar en la práctica de compilar diccionarios de la lengua yakut. Se concluye que la tendencia a aumentar la ortografía fonética está en línea con el principio fonético dominante de la ortografía Yakut.Статья посвящена одному из актуальных вопросов якутской орфографии – правописанию заимствованных из русского языка слов. Цель исследования – проследить современное состояние правописания заимствованных слов в современном якутском языке. Исследование осуществляется на материале, извлеченном из республиканских якутоязычных газет. Теоретической основой для исследования являются методологические положения Н.Д. Дьячковского об описании фонетической системы якутского языка. Основными методами работы являются: метод сплошной выборки, метод лингвистического анализа, описательный метод. В статье представлены результаты анализа орфографических изменений русизмов, подвергшихся фонетическому освоению, которые могут быть использованы в практике составления словарей якутского языка. Делается вывод о том, что тенденция к увеличению фонетизированных написаний идет в русле господствующего фонетического принципа якутской орфографии

Influence of the Risk-Based Approach on the Development of the Management of Organizations

The current state, processes and development trends of national and world economic systems require the development of fundamentally new theoretical economic models adequate to the market, reflecting real changes in the world in the near future and in the long term. The purpose of this study was to find the right risk management tools. For this, cases were analysed in which various methods of managing the socio-economic sphere were used. Myths and stereotypes about the behaviour of people in this area were identified. The authors emphasized that macro-indicators of the state of economic systems are not canceled and are used in existing calculation models, but their predicted “strength” should be supplemented by a new model analysis based on a risk-based approach, taking into account the distinguished trend of assessing the current economic development

Recurrent spine surgery patients in hospital administrative database

Introduction: Hospital patient databases are typically used by administrative staff to estimate loss-profit ratios and to help with the allocation of hospital resources. These databases can also be very useful in following rehospitalization. This paper studies the recurrence of spine surgery patients in our hospital population based on administrative data analysis

Impact of Bank Cards Transactions on Banking Fee Income Growth in Russia

The article covers the advent of new sources of income which banks should concentrate on in the light of digitalization and development of new technologies. In spite of dynamic bank cards market development, there are many unresolved issues and challenges in this sphere, which generally relate to the necessity to enhance legal framework regulation; development of effective anti-fraud methods; utilization of innovative technologies and others. The Russian economy and society are in need of highly efficient, safe and economically viable and independent payment system, including such method of payments as bank cards. The conducted analysis revealed that there is a correlation between individual indicators of the bank card market development and the level of a bank's income. The latter depends not only on the revenue flows generated by the growth of interest rates on loans or other conventional types of banking transactions, but on the level of bank cards transactions. It is important to identify correlation between the growth of banks' fee income from card transaction and the amount of funds raised by commercial banks, the numbers of ATM, the average income per card, the number of operating cards, and per capita income of the population

Towards a feasible implementation of quantum neural networks using quantum dots

We propose an implementation of quantum neural networks using an array of quantum dots with dipole-dipole interactions. We demonstrate that this implementation is both feasible and versatile by studying it within the framework of GaAs based quantum dot qubits coupled to a reservoir of acoustic phonons. Using numerically exact Feynman integral calculations, we have found that the quantum coherence in our neural networks survive for over a hundred ps even at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K), which is three orders of magnitude higher than current implementations which are based on SQUID-based systems operating at temperatures in the mK range.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, 2 eps figure