Les déterminants de l’adoption de l’éco-innovation selon le profil stratégique de la firme : le cas des firmes industrielles françaises

International audienceL’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les facteurs qui influencent le comportement d’adoption d’une innovation environnementale par les firmes industrielles françaises et de décliner, à partir d’un modèle général, trois modèles d’adoption des innovations environnementales selon l’objectif de l’adoption, c’est-à-dire si elle renvoie à une stratégie liée à la demande, aux coûts ou à la réglementation. Un modèle économétrique permettant d’analyser les caractéristiques favorables à un comportement innovateur est testé sur une base de données individuelles sur l’innovation représentative de l’industrie française (CIS8). Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle structurant des caractéristiques internes de la firme, la coévolution avec ses autres formes d’innovation et l’influence de son environnement externe sur son comportement en matière d’adoption d’éco-innovations. Ils montrent que ces facteurs jouent de manière différente selon le profil stratégique de la firme

Changements organisationnels, structures industrielles et innovations environnementales : le cas des firmes industrielles françaises

La thèse analyse les déterminants de l’adoption des innovations environnementales dans l’industrie française et ses interactions avec les changements organisationnels, d’une part, et les structures industrielles, d’autre part. Elle offre tout d’abord une revue de la littérature économique qui fonde l’analyse de l’innovation environnementale. Elle propose ensuite une analyse empirique, sur données d’entreprise, du comportement éco-innovateur des firmes autour de trois éclairages. La première partie explore les déterminants microéconomiques de l’adoption des innovations environnementales, d’abord de l’ensemble des firmes industrielles, ensuite selon leur orientation stratégique, i.e selon que leur comportement éco-innovateur soit porté par des dynamiques d’offre, de demande ou règlementaires. La seconde partie étudie les relations de complémentarités qui se nouent entre les changements dans l’organisation de la firme et l’adoption d’innovations environnementales et met en lumière les dynamiques organisationnelles associées à l’adoption d’un Système de Management Environnemental. Enfin, une dernière partie est consacrée à mettre en évidence la coévolution entre les comportements microéconomiques d’adoption d’innovations environnementales et les systèmes sectoriels d’innovation. La thèse montre que les processus d’innovation environnementale résultent de combinaisons toujours spécifiques, à l’échelle microéconomique, de logiques internes et externes à la firme. Ces spécifications renvoient à des processus de complémentarités intraorganisationnels ainsi que des processus d’interaction entre la firme et son environnement.This thesis analyzes the determinants of environmental innovations at the firm level. It reviews the economic literature underlying the analysis of environmental innovation. Then it operationalizes the main concepts of this literature from three empirical angles. The first study explores the firm-level determinants of environmental innovations for all French industrial firms according to their three strategic orientations, i.e. regulation-oriented, supply-oriented or demand-oriented. The second study examines the complementarities between environmental innovations and organizational changes and emphasizes the organizational dynamics triggered by the adoption of an Environmental Management System. The third study highlights the coevolution of environmental innovation behavior at the firm level and sectoral systems of innovation. Ultimately, the thesis demonstrates that environmental innovations always result from specific combinations of internal and external rationales at the micro economic firm level. These specifications involve intra-organizational complementarities and interactions processes with industrial structures

Changements organisationnels, structures industrielles et innovations environnementales : le cas des firmes industrielles françaises

La thèse analyse les déterminants de l’adoption des innovations environnementales dans l’industrie française et ses interactions avec les changements organisationnels, d’une part, et les structures industrielles, d’autre part. Elle offre tout d’abord une revue de la littérature économique qui fonde l’analyse de l’innovation environnementale. Elle propose ensuite une analyse empirique, sur données d’entreprise, du comportement éco-innovateur des firmes autour de trois éclairages. La première partie explore les déterminants microéconomiques de l’adoption des innovations environnementales, d’abord de l’ensemble des firmes industrielles, ensuite selon leur orientation stratégique, i.e selon que leur comportement éco-innovateur soit porté par des dynamiques d’offre, de demande ou règlementaires. La seconde partie étudie les relations de complémentarités qui se nouent entre les changements dans l’organisation de la firme et l’adoption d’innovations environnementales et met en lumière les dynamiques organisationnelles associées à l’adoption d’un Système de Management Environnemental. Enfin, une dernière partie est consacrée à mettre en évidence la coévolution entre les comportements microéconomiques d’adoption d’innovations environnementales et les systèmes sectoriels d’innovation. La thèse montre que les processus d’innovation environnementale résultent de combinaisons toujours spécifiques, à l’échelle microéconomique, de logiques internes et externes à la firme. Ces spécifications renvoient à des processus de complémentarités intraorganisationnels ainsi que des processus d’interaction entre la firme et son environnement.This thesis analyzes the determinants of environmental innovations at the firm level. It reviews the economic literature underlying the analysis of environmental innovation. Then it operationalizes the main concepts of this literature from three empirical angles. The first study explores the firm-level determinants of environmental innovations for all French industrial firms according to their three strategic orientations, i.e. regulation-oriented, supply-oriented or demand-oriented. The second study examines the complementarities between environmental innovations and organizational changes and emphasizes the organizational dynamics triggered by the adoption of an Environmental Management System. The third study highlights the coevolution of environmental innovation behavior at the firm level and sectoral systems of innovation. Ultimately, the thesis demonstrates that environmental innovations always result from specific combinations of internal and external rationales at the micro economic firm level. These specifications involve intra-organizational complementarities and interactions processes with industrial structures

Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the Vaccine Era

Infection with the meningococcus is one of the main causes of meningitis and septicaemia worldwide. Humans are the only natural reservoir for the meningococcus which is found primarily as a commensal inhabitant in the nasopharynx in ~10% of adults, and may be found in over 25% of individuals during adolescence. Prompt recognition of meningococcal infection and early aggressive treatment are essential in order to reduce mortality, which occurs in up to 10% of those with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). This figure may be significantly higher in those with inadequate or delayed treatment. Early administration of effective parenteral antimicrobial therapy and prompt recognition and appropriate management of the complications of IMD, including circulatory shock and raised intracranial pressure (ICP), are critical to help improve patient outcome. This review summarizes clinical features of IMD and current treatment recommendations. We will discuss the evidence for immunization and effects of vaccine strategies, particularly following implementation of effective vaccines against Group B meningococcus

The Inflammatory and Hemostatic Response in Sepsis and Meningococcemia

Meningococcemia is notorious for evasion of the host immune system and its rapid progression to fulminant disease, and serves as a unique model for pediatric sepsis. Illness severity is determined by complex interplays among host, pathogen, and environment. The inflammatory host response, including proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in innate and adaptive immunity, skews toward a proinflammatory state. This leads to endothelial dysfunction and activation of the hemostatic response, which may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation. This article reviews the pathogenesis of sepsis, in particular the inflammatory and hemostatic response in meningococcal sepsis

V(D)J-mediated Translocations in Lymphoid Neoplasms: A Functional Assessment of Genomic Instability by Cryptic Sites

Most lymphoid malignancies are initiated by specific chromosomal translocations between immunoglobulin (Ig)/T cell receptor (TCR) gene segments and cellular proto-oncogenes. In many cases, illegitimate V(D)J recombination has been proposed to be involved in the translocation process, but this has never been functionally established. Using extra-chromosomal recombination assays, we determined the ability of several proto-oncogenes to target V(D)J recombination, and assessed the impact of their recombinogenic potential on translocation rates in vivo. Our data support the involvement of 2 distinct mechanisms: translocations involving LMO2, TAL2, and TAL1 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), are compatible with illegitimate V(D)J recombination between a TCR locus and a proto-oncogene locus bearing a fortuitous but functional recombination site (type 1); in contrast, translocations involving BCL1 and BCL2 in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL), are compatible with a process in which only the IgH locus breaks are mediated by V(D)J recombination (type 2). Most importantly, we show that the t(11;14)(p13;q32) translocation involving LMO2 is present at strikingly high frequency in normal human thymus, and that the recombinogenic potential conferred by the LMO2 cryptic site is directly predictive of the in vivo level of translocation at that locus. These findings provide new insights into the regulation forces acting upon genomic instability in B and T cell tumorigenesis

Feasibility and Acceptability of Methods to Collect Follow-Up Information From Parents 12 Months After Their Child's Emergency Admission to Pediatric Intensive Care.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of different methods of collecting follow-up data from parents 12 months after their child's emergency admission to a PICU. DESIGN: Mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. SETTING: One regional PICU transport service and three PICUs in England. PATIENTS: Children undergoing emergency transport to PICU recruited to an ongoing biomarker study whose parents consented to be contacted for follow-up 12 months after PICU admission. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Parents or guardians who consented were asked to complete three questionnaires about their child's functional status, quality of life, and behavior 12 months after PICU admission. Parents were given a choice about method of questionnaire completion: postal, online, or telephone interview and also asked for telephone feedback about the process and the reasons for their choice. Of 486 parents who consented to be contacted at 12 months, 232 were successfully contacted. Consent to receive questionnaires was obtained in 218 of 232 (94%). Of the 218 parents, 102 (47%) chose to complete questionnaires online (with 77% completion rate), 91 (42%) chose to complete postal questionnaires (48% completion rate), and 25 (11%) chose to complete questionnaires by telephone interview (44% completion rate). CONCLUSIONS: Parents expressed different preferences for follow-up questionnaire completion. Response rates varied by completion method. Understanding and catering for parental preferences is an important factor in maximizing response rates for follow-up studies in intensive care

Is there a sex difference in mortality rates in paediatric intensive care units? A systematic review

Introduction: Mortality rates in infancy and childhood are lower in females than males. However, for children admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU), mortality has been reported to be lower in males, although males have higher admission rates. This female mortality excess for the subgroup of children admitted in intensive care is not well understood. To address this, we carried out a systematic literature review to summarise the available evidence. Our review studies the differences in mortality between males and females aged 0 to <18 years, while in a PICU, to examine whether there was a clear difference (in either direction) in PICU mortality between the two sexes, and, if present, to describe the magnitude and direction of this difference. Methods: Any studies that directly or indirectly reported the rates of mortality in children admitted to intensive care by sex were eligible for inclusion. The search strings were based on terms related to the population (those admitted into a paediatric intensive care unit), the exposure (sex), and the outcome (mortality). We used the search databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science as these cover relevant clinical publications. We assessed the reliability of included studies using a modified version of the risk of bias in observational studies of exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. We considered estimating a pooled effect if there were at least three studies with similar populations, periods of follow-up while in PICU, and adjustment variables. Results: We identified 124 studies of which 114 reported counts of deaths by males and females which gave a population of 278,274 children for analysis, involving 121,800 (44%) females and 156,474 males (56%). The number of deaths and mortality rate for females were 5,614 (4.61%), and for males 6,828 (4.36%). In the pooled analysis, the odds ratio of female to male mortality was 1.06 [1.01 to 1.11] for the fixed effect model, and 1.10 [1.00 to 1.21] for the random effects model. Discussion: Overall, males have a higher admission rate to PCU, and potentially lower overall mortality in PICU than females

Is there a sex difference in mortality rates in paediatric intensive care units?: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Mortality rates in infancy and childhood are lower in females than males. However, for children admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU), mortality has been reported to be lower in males, although males have higher admission rates. This female mortality excess for the subgroup of children admitted in intensive care is not well understood. To address this, we carried out a systematic literature review to summarise the available evidence. Our review studies the differences in mortality between males and females aged 0 to <18 years, while in a PICU, to examine whether there was a clear difference (in either direction) in PICU mortality between the two sexes, and, if present, to describe the magnitude and direction of this difference. METHODS: Any studies that directly or indirectly reported the rates of mortality in children admitted to intensive care by sex were eligible for inclusion. The search strings were based on terms related to the population (those admitted into a paediatric intensive care unit), the exposure (sex), and the outcome (mortality). We used the search databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science as these cover relevant clinical publications. We assessed the reliability of included studies using a modified version of the risk of bias in observational studies of exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. We considered estimating a pooled effect if there were at least three studies with similar populations, periods of follow-up while in PICU, and adjustment variables. RESULTS: We identified 124 studies of which 114 reported counts of deaths by males and females which gave a population of 278,274 children for analysis, involving 121,800 (44%) females and 156,474 males (56%). The number of deaths and mortality rate for females were 5,614 (4.61%), and for males 6,828 (4.36%). In the pooled analysis, the odds ratio of female to male mortality was 1.06 [1.01 to 1.11] for the fixed effect model, and 1.10 [1.00 to 1.21] for the random effects model. DISCUSSION: Overall, males have a higher admission rate to PCU, and potentially lower overall mortality in PICU than females. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=203009, identifier (CRD42020203009)