Real-Time Anti Spoofing Face Detection with Mask Using CNN

As COVID-19 spread the whole way across the world, a significant number of us got mindful of how significant face covers are. Medical services authorities and nearby foundations from one side of the planet to the other are encouraging individuals to wear masks ,as it is the best way to forestall the transmission of the infection. Masks have without a doubt frustrated the facial-acknowledgment industry; the innovation has likewise adjusted. It might sound odd yet wearing a cover does not really prevent a PC from recognizing somebody. We are intending to prepare our model to recognize whether the pictures are genuine or fake one even though individuals are wearing face cover. In this paper, we intend to make a liveness detector equipped for spotting counterfeit faces. To make a liveness detector, we will prepare a deep learning neural network fit for recognizing genuine versus counterfeit appearances. It deals with two correlative spaces: RGB space and multi-scale Retinex (MSR) space. The RGB space contains the point-by-point facial surfaces, yet it is sensitive to illumination whereas the MSR pictures can adequately catch the high recurrence data, which is discriminative for face recognition

Cultural and morphological studies on Ponnampet leaf and neck blast isolates of Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) barr on rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The study was carried out to standardize the optimal growth, sporulation and production of perfect stage of pathogen on different media. Among different media used such as Potato dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat meal Agar, Ragi flour agar, yeast extract + 2% soluble starch, Host extract + 2% soluble sucrose agar, Potato dextrose agar + Biotin + Thiamine and Rice flour agar, Oat meal agar and potato dextrose agar was found to be best media for radial growth and sporulation of M. grisea. Maximum conidia length (9.46?m) and breadth (7.36?m) was recorded in Oat meal agar followed by Potato dextrose agar and least conidia length (6.15 ?m) and breadth (5.11 ?m) was recorded in ragi flour media after 20 days of inoculation. Conidial size varied in leaf and neck blast isolates, the maximum mean colony diameter of 88.00mm and 89.16mm in neck and leaf blast was recorded in Oat meal agar respectively. The maximum sporulation mean index was observed in Oat Meal agar of 3.15 ?m in leaf and 3.20 ?m in neck blast was recorded. The best growth of the pathogen was recorded at optimum pH range from 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 27oC. Therefore oat meal agar media was found to be best among all the media used for growth, sporulation, conidial size and colony characters of M. grisea

Benzothiazole aniline tetra(ethylene glycol) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole inhibit neuroprotection against amyloid peptides by catalase overexpression in vitro

Alzheimer's disease, Familial British dementia, Familial Danish dementia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, plus Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are associated with amyloid fibril deposition and oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzyme catalase is a neuroprotective amyloid binding protein. Herein the effects of catalase overexpression in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells on the toxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ), amyloid-Bri (ABri), amyloid-Dan (ADan), amylin (IAPP), and prion protein (PrP) peptides were determined. Results showed catalase overexpression was neuroprotective against Aβ, ABri, ADan, IAPP, and PrP peptides. The catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and catalase-amyloid interaction inhibitor benzothiazole aniline tetra(ethylene glycol) (BTA-EG4) significantly enhanced neurotoxicity of amyloid peptides in catalase overexpressing neuronal cells. This suggests catalase neuroprotection involves breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plus a direct binding interaction between catalase and the Aβ, ABri, ADan, IAPP, and PrP peptides. Kisspeptin 45-50 had additive neuroprotective actions against the Aβ peptide in catalase overexpressing cells. The effects of 3-AT had an intracellular site of action, while catalase-amyloid interactions had an extracellular component. These results suggest that the 3-AT and BTA-EG4 compounds may be able to inhibit endogenous catalase mediated neuroprotection. Use of BTA-EG4, or compounds that inhibit catalase binding to amyloid peptides, as potential therapeutics for Neurodegenerative diseases may therefore result in unwanted effects

Immunocytochemical staining of endogenous nuclear proteins with the HIS-1 anti-poly-histidine monoclonal antibody: a potential source of error in His-tagged protein detection

Histidine-tagged proteins are widely used in biochemical studies and frequently detected with antibodies specific for the histidine tag. Immunocytochemistry is widely used in studies with overexpressed proteins to determine cellular localization and in the case of histidine-tagged proteins can be carried out with anti-polyhistidine antibodies. Recent studies have suggested that polyhistidine sequences are present within a small number of human proteins and may direct expression to the nucleus and nuclear speckles compartments of the cell. In this study immunocytochemical staining of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines with the HIS-1 anti-polyhistidine monoclonal antibody were determined. Results showed that the HIS-1 anti-polyhistidine monoclonal antibody stained endogenous nuclear proteins in SH-SY5Y cells. The stained proteins were contained within the nuclear membrane, but were not directly linked to DNA. In a histidine-tagged catalase overexpressing cell line the HIS-1 anti-polyhistidine monoclonal antibody showed nuclear staining, whilst staining with the CAT-505 anti-catalase monoclonal antibody showed primarily cytoplasmic staining. These results suggest that anti-polyhistidine antibody staining shows significant cross-reactivity with endogenous nuclear proteins in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and may not be suitable for localization studies of histidine-tagged proteins. Immunocytochemical studies with anti-polyhistidine antibodies and localization of histidine-tagged proteins must be confirmed with protein specific antibodies or other methodology

Immunolocalization of kisspeptin associated with amyloid-β deposits in the ons of an Alzheimer's disease patient

The pons region of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is one of the last to show amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and has been suggested to contain neuroprotective compounds. Kisspeptin (KP) is a hormone that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has been suggested to be neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity. The localization of KP, plus the established endogenous neuroprotective compounds corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and catalase, in tissue sections from the pons region of a male AD subject has been determined in relation to Aβ deposits. Results showed Aβ deposits also stained with KP, CRH, and catalase antibodies. At high magnification the staining of deposits was either KP or catalase positive, and there was only a limited area of the deposits with KP-catalase colocalization. The CRH does not bind Aβ, whilst both KP and catalase can bind Aβ, suggesting that colocalization in Aβ deposits is not restricted to compounds that directly bind Aβ. The neuroprotective actions of KP, CRH, and catalase were confirmed in vitro, and fibrillar Aβ preparations were shown to stimulate the release of KP in vitro. In conclusion, neuroprotective KP, CRH, and catalase all colocalize with Aβ plaque-like deposits in the pons region from a male AD subject

Design and testing of a textile EMG sensor for prosthetic control

Nowadays, Electromyography (EMG) signals generated by the amputee’s residual limbs are widely used for the control of myoelectric prostheses, usually with the aid of pattern-recognition algorithms. Since myoelectric prostheses are wearable medical devices, the sensors that integrate them should be appropriate for the users’ daily life, meeting the requirements of lightness, flexibility, greater motion identification, and skin adaptability. Therefore, this study aims to design and test an EMG sensor for prosthetic control, focusing on aspects such as adjustability, lightness, precise and constant signal acquisition; and replacing the conventional components of an EMG sensor with textile materials. The proposed sensor was made with Shieldex Technik-tex P130 + B conductive knitted fabric, with 99% pure silver plating. EMG data acquisition was performed twice on three volunteers: one with the textile sensor, and other with a commercial sensor used in prosthetic applications. Overall, the textile and the commercial sensor presented total average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values of 10.24 ± 5.45 dB and 11.74 ± 8.64 dB, respectively. The authors consider that the obtained results are promising and leave room for further improvements in future work, such as designing strategies to deal with known sources of noise contamination and to increase the adhesion to the skin. In sum, the results presented in this paper indicate that, with the appropriate improvements, the proposed textile sensor may have the potential of being used for myoelectric prosthetic control, which can be a more ergonomic and accessible alternative to the sensors that are currently used for controlling these devices.This work is financed by Project “Deus ex Machina”, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000026, funded by CCDRN, through Sistema de Apoio à Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (Projetos Estruturados I&D&I) of Programa Operacional Regional do Norte, from Portugal 2020 and by Project UID/CTM/00264/2019 of 2C2T –Centro de Ciência e TecnologiaTêxtil, funded by National Founds through FCT/MCTES

Interaction of miltefosine with microcavity supported lipid membrane: biophysical insights from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Miltefosine an alkylphosphocholine analogue, is the only drug taken orally for the treatment of leishmaniasis-a parasitic disease caused by sandflies. Although it is believed that Miltefosine exerts its activity by acting at the lipid membrane, detailed understanding of the interaction of this drug with eukaryotic membranes is still lacking. Herein, we exploit microcavity pore suspended lipid bilayers (MSLBs) as a biomimetic platform in combination with a highly sensitive label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique to gain biophysical insight into the interaction of Miltefosine with host cell membrane as a function of lipid membranes composition. Four membrane compositions with increasing complexity were evaluated; DOPC, DOPC:Chol (75:25), domain forming DOPC:SM:Chol (40:40:20) and mammalian plasma membrane (MPM) mimetic DOPC:DOPE:Chol:SM:DOPS (32:25:20:15:8) and used to study the interaction of Miltefosine in a concentration-dependent manner using EIS. The membrane resistance changes in response to Miltefosine were modelled by an empirical Langmuir isotherm binding model to provide estimates of binding saturation and equilibrium association constant. Miltefosine was found to have greatest impact on electrochemical properties of the simpler membrane systems; DOPC and DOPC:Chol, where these membranes were found to be more susceptible to membrane thinning, attributed to strong permeation/penetration of the drug whilst, compositions that included both Chol and SM, expected to contain large liquid-ordered domains exhibited weaker changes to membrane resistance but strongest drug association. In contrast, at the MPM membrane, Miltefosine exerts weakest association, which is tentatively attributed to electrostatic effects from the anionic DOPS but some membrane thinning is observed reflected in change in resistance and capacitance values attributed to some weak permeation

Modeling of Facial Wrinkles for Applications in Computer Vision

International audienceAnalysis and modeling of aging human faces have been extensively studied in the past decade for applications in computer vision such as age estimation, age progression and face recognition across aging. Most of this research work is based on facial appearance and facial features such as face shape, geometry, location of landmarks and patch-based texture features. Despite the recent availability of higher resolution, high quality facial images, we do not find much work on the image analysis of local facial features such as wrinkles specifically. For the most part, modeling of facial skin texture, fine lines and wrinkles has been a focus in computer graphics research for photo-realistic rendering applications. In computer vision, very few aging related applications focus on such facial features. Where several survey papers can be found on facial aging analysis in computer vision, this chapter focuses specifically on the analysis of facial wrinkles in the context of several applications. Facial wrinkles can be categorized as subtle discontinuities or cracks in surrounding inhomogeneous skin texture and pose challenges to being detected/localized in images. First, we review commonly used image features to capture the intensity gradients caused by facial wrinkles and then present research in modeling and analysis of facial wrinkles as aging texture or curvilinear objects for different applications. The reviewed applications include localization or detection of wrinkles in facial images , incorporation of wrinkles for more realistic age progression, analysis for age estimation and inpainting/removal of wrinkles for facial retouching

Daksha: On Alert for High Energy Transients

We present Daksha, a proposed high energy transients mission for the study of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources, and gamma ray bursts. Daksha will comprise of two satellites in low earth equatorial orbits, on opposite sides of earth. Each satellite will carry three types of detectors to cover the entire sky in an energy range from 1 keV to >1 MeV. Any transients detected on-board will be announced publicly within minutes of discovery. All photon data will be downloaded in ground station passes to obtain source positions, spectra, and light curves. In addition, Daksha will address a wide range of science cases including monitoring X-ray pulsars, studies of magnetars, solar flares, searches for fast radio burst counterparts, routine monitoring of bright persistent high energy sources, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, and probing primordial black hole abundances through lensing. In this paper, we discuss the technical capabilities of Daksha, while the detailed science case is discussed in a separate paper.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Additional information about the mission is available at https://www.dakshasat.in