Estrategias pedag?gicas para transformar el entorno escolar de la instituci?n educativa el Quebrad?n del municipio de Rioblanco desde el trabajo social con estudiantes del grado once

93 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto estrategias pedag?gicas para transformar el entorno escolar de la instituci?n educativa el Quebrad?n del municipio de Rioblanco desde el trabajo social con estudiantes del grado once, es una propuesta continua para su implementaci?n que pretende reunir esfuerzos en la comunidad educativa para afrontar la problem?tica ambiental que se encontr? despu?s de haber realizado el respectivo diagn?stico. Los estudiantes, mediante el trabajo social, fortalecer?n los lazos de amistad, compromiso, responsabilidad, la intenci?n principal de este proyecto es fortalecer una conciencia de conservaci?n y cuidado del medio ambiente como tambi?n mejorar el sentido de pertenencia por su entorno para lo cual se crearon unas estrategias acordes a la problem?tica que vive esta comunidad. Con estas estrategias se pretende interactuar con ambientes de aprendizajes que fortalecen el proceso de formaci?n ambiental. Una de las estrategias importantes para tener en cuenta es la sensibilizaci?n de la comunidad educativa en la cual se pretende dar una visi?n general de las condiciones actuales de nuestro planeta los peligros que se avecinan por el desequilibrio natural ocasionado por el hombre. La propuesta metodol?gica que se utiliz? est? fundamentada en elementos te?ricos que le dan solidez a la fundamentaci?n de conceptos orientados hacia la b?squeda creativa de actividades. La comunidad debe reconocer las acciones que est?n perjudicando y contaminando su entorno y al mismo tiempo identificar que mediante los procesos desarrollados en la instituci?n se puede corregir estas fallas. Con el desarrollo del proyecto se beneficiar?n directamente los estudiantes de la Instituci?n, ya que desde temprana edad ir?n teniendo sentido de conservaci?n de las especies de la regi?n y sobre todo por el medio ambiente. Los estudiantes del grado once se integrar?n con los dem?s estudiantes, por medio de charlas sobre el proyecto y los beneficios que trae, para toda la comunidad estudiantil. La aplicaci?n de las propuestas metodol?gicas del proyecto tendr? como resultado un cambio en el ambiente cultural de la comunidad especialmente en la conservaci?n y el cuidado de los recursos con que cuentan como tambi?n el embellecimiento de la Instituci?n que es el centro cultural y el patrimonio de la comunidad Palabras claves: medio ambiente, Ambientes de aprendizaje, estrategias metodol?gicas, comunidad educativa.ABSTRACT. The project teaching strategies to transform the school environment of the school the Township Quebrad?n Rioblanco from social work with juniors is an ongoing proposal for implementation that aims to bring together the educational community efforts to address environmental problems that found after making a diagnosis. Students, through social work, strengthen the bonds of friendship, commitment, responsibility, the intention of this project is to strengthen conservation awareness and environmental stewardship as well as improve the sense of belonging by their environment to which were created strategies in line with the problems that the community lives. These strategies are intended to interact with learning environments that strengthen the environmental education process. One of the important strategies to consider is the awareness of the educational community in which it is intended to give an overview of current conditions of our planet the dangers that lie ahead for the natural imbalance caused by man. The proposed methodology that was used is based on theoretical elements that give strength to the foundation of concepts designed to achieve the creative methodological strategies. The community must recognize the actions that are damaging and polluting their environment and also identify that through the processes developed in the institution can correct these failures With the development of the project will directly benefit the students of the institution, since an early age will make sense of conservation of the species in the region and especially the environment. The juniors will be integrated with other students, through lectures on the project and the benefits it brings, for the entire student community. The application of the methodology of the project will result in a change in the cultural environment of the community especially in the conservation and care of the resources they have as well as the beautification of the institution that is the cultural and heritage of the community?El programa de Licenciaturas de la Universidad del Tolima, el director del trabajo de grado y el jurado calificador no son responsables de las ideas expuestas por el autor en el presente trabajo.? Art?culo 17, Resoluci?n 015 de Diciembre 18 de 1978, Reglamento de Trabajos de Grado.Los autores AURA ROSA CARVAJAL RESTREPO, Identificada con C.C. No. 65.704.149 de Espinal, Tolima, LIBIA FLOREZ GONZALEZ, Identificada con C.C.No. 28.723.454 de Falan, Tolima, NANCY YAMILE FLOREZ GONZALEZ, Identificada con C.C.No. 28.723.986 de Falan, Tolima, ADONAI RINCON OVIEDO Identificada con C.C. No.28.687.953 Chaparral, Tolima, autorizan a la Universidad del Tolima la reproducci?n total o parcial de este documento, con la debida cita de reconocimiento de la autor?a y cede a la misma universidad de los derechos patrimoniales con fines de investigaci?n, docencia e institucionales, consagrados en el art?culo 72 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y las normas que lo constituyan o modifiquen.INTRODUCCI?N 14 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 15 1.1. DESCRIPCI?N Y FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 15 2. HIPOTESIS 16 3. JUSTIFICACI?N 17 4. ALCANCES Y LIMITACI?NES 19 5. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 21 5.1. FASES DEL PROCESO METODOL?GICO 21 5.1.1. Fase preparatoria 21 5.1.2. Fase de Recolecci?n Documental 22 5.1.3. Fase de selecci?n 22 5.1.4. Fase de documentaci?n 23 5.1.5. Fase de anal?tica 23 5.1.6. Fase de elaboraci?n del informe final 23 5.2. MARCO TE?RICO Y ANTECEDENTES 24 5.2.1. Antecedentes 24 5.3. REFERENTES TE?RICO 26 5.4. REFERENTE LEGAL 27 6. OBJETIVOS 30 6.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 30 6.2. OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 30 7. AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 31 7.1. CAPITULO UNO 31 7.2. EMBELLECIENDO EL ENTORNO PROTEGEMOS EL AMBIENTE 31 8. CAPITULO DOS 41 8.1. PROPUESTA PROYECTO DE EMBELLECIMIENTO 41 8.2. JUSTIFICACION 41 8.3. OBJETIVOS 42 8.3.1. Objetivos generales 42 8.3.2. Objetivos espec?ficos 42 8.4. MARCO LEGAL 42 8.5. METODOLOGIA 44 8.6. CONCLUSIONES DE LAS ESTRATEGIAS IMPLEMENTADAS 47 8.7. RECURSOS 48 9. CONCLUSIONES 49 10. RECOMENDACIONES 50 11. LISTA DE REFERENCIAS 51 12. ANEXOS 5

Labels for non-individuals

Quasi-set theory is a first order theory without identity, which allows us to cope with non-individuals in a sense. A weaker equivalence relation called ``indistinguishability'' is an extension of identity in the sense that if $x$ is identical to $y$ then $x$ and $y$ are indistinguishable, although the reciprocal is not always valid. The interesting point is that quasi-set theory provides us a useful mathematical background for dealing with collections of indistinguishable elementary quantum particles. In the present paper, however, we show that even in quasi-set theory it is possible to label objects that are considered as non-individuals. We intend to prove that individuality has nothing to do with any labelling process at all, as suggested by some authors. We discuss the physical interpretation of our results.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

[89Zr]Oxinate4 for long-term in vivo cell tracking by positron emission tomography

Purpose 111In (typically as [111In]oxinate3) is a gold standard radiolabel for cell tracking in humans by scintigraphy. A long half-life positron-emitting radiolabel to serve the same purpose using positron emission tomography (PET) has long been sought. We aimed to develop an 89Zr PET tracer for cell labelling and compare it with [111In]oxinate3 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods [89Zr]Oxinate4 was synthesised and its uptake and efflux were measured in vitro in three cell lines and in human leukocytes. The in vivo biodistribution of eGFP-5T33 murine myeloma cells labelled using [89Zr]oxinate4 or [111In]oxinate3 was monitored for up to 14 days. 89Zr retention by living radiolabelled eGFP-positive cells in vivo was monitored by FACS sorting of liver, spleen and bone marrow cells followed by gamma counting. Results Zr labelling was effective in all cell types with yields comparable with 111In labelling. Retention of 89Zr in cells in vitro after 24 h was significantly better (range 71 to >90 %) than 111In (43–52 %). eGFP-5T33 cells in vivo showed the same early biodistribution whether labelled with 111In or 89Zr (initial pulmonary accumulation followed by migration to liver, spleen and bone marrow), but later translocation of radioactivity to kidneys was much greater for 111In. In liver, spleen and bone marrow at least 92 % of 89Zr remained associated with eGFP-positive cells after 7 days in vivo. Conclusion [89Zr]Oxinate4 offers a potential solution to the emerging need for a long half-life PET tracer for cell tracking in vivo and deserves further evaluation of its effects on survival and behaviour of different cell types

Cell tracking in cardiac repair: what to image and how to image

Stem cell therapies hold the great promise and interest for cardiac regeneration among scientists, clinicians and patients. However, advancement and distillation of a standard treatment regimen are not yet finalised. Into this breach step recent developments in the imaging biosciences. Thus far, these technical and protocol refinements have played a critical role not only in the evaluation of the recovery of cardiac function but also in providing important insights into the mechanism of action of stem cells. Molecular imaging, in its many forms, has rapidly become a necessary tool for the validation and optimisation of stem cell engrafting strategies in preclinical studies. These include a suite of radionuclide, magnetic resonance and optical imaging strategies to evaluate non-invasively the fate of transplanted cells. In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art of the various imaging techniques for cardiac stem cell presenting the strengths and limitations of each approach, with a particular focus on clinical applicability

PET Cell Tracking Using 18F-FLT is Not Limited by Local Reuptake of Free Radiotracer

Assessing the retention of cell therapies following implantation is vital and often achieved by labelling cells with 2'-[(18)F]-fluoro-2'-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG). However, this approach is limited by local retention of cell-effluxed radiotracer. Here, in a preclinical model of critical limb ischemia, we assessed a novel method of cell tracking using 3'-deoxy-3'-L-[(18)F]-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT); a clinically available radiotracer which we hypothesise will result in minimal local radiotracer reuptake and allow a more accurate estimation of cell retention. Human endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with (18)F-FDG or (18)F-FLT and cell characteristics were evaluated. Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired post-injection of free (18)F-FDG/(18)F-FLT or (18)F-FDG/(18)F-FLT-labelled HUVECs, following the surgical induction of mouse hind-limb ischemia. In vitro, radiotracer incorporation and efflux was similar with no effect on cell viability, function or proliferation under optimised conditions (5 MBq/mL, 60 min). Injection of free radiotracer demonstrated a faster clearance of (18)F-FLT from the injection site vs. (18)F-FDG (p ≤ 0.001), indicating local cellular uptake. Using (18)F-FLT-labelling, estimation of HUVEC retention within the engraftment site 4 hr post-administration was 24.5 ± 3.2%. PET cell tracking using (18)F-FLT labelling is an improved approach vs. (18)F-FDG as it is not susceptible to local host cell reuptake, resulting in a more accurate estimation of cell retention

Tumor Lysing Genetically Engineered T Cells Loaded with Multi-Modal Imaging Agents

Genetically-modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) exert anti-tumor effect by identifying tumor-associated antigen (TAA), independent of major histocompatibility complex. For maximal efficacy and safety of adoptively transferred cells, imaging their biodistribution is critical. This will determine if cells home to the tumor and assist in moderating cell dose. Here, T cells are modified to express CAR. An efficient, non-toxic process with potential for cGMP compliance is developed for loading high cell number with multi-modal (PET-MRI) contrast agents (Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles – Copper-64; SPION-(64)Cu). This can now be potentially used for (64)Cu-based whole-body PET to detect T cell accumulation region with high-sensitivity, followed by SPION-based MRI of these regions for high-resolution anatomically correlated images of T cells. CD19-specific-CAR(+)SPION(pos) T cells effectively target in vitro CD19(+) lymphoma

Quantitative imaging of the T cell antitumor response by positron-emission tomography

We describe a noninvasive, quantitative, and tomographic method to visualize lymphocytes within the whole animal. We used positron-emission tomography (PET) to follow the localization of adoptively transferred immune T lymphocytes. Splenic T cells from animals that had rejected a Moloney murine sarcoma virus/Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MSV/M-MuLV)-induced tumor were marked with a PET reporter gene, injected into tumor-bearing mice, and imaged in a microPET by using a substrate specific for the reporter. Specific localization of immune T cells to the antigen-positive tumor was detected over time, by sequential imaging of the same animals. Naive T cells did not localize to the tumor site, indicating that preimmunization was required. Autoradiography and immunohistochemistry analysis corroborated the microPET data. The method we have developed can be used to assess the effects of immunomodulatory agents intended to potentiate the immune response to cancer, and can also be useful for the study of other cell-mediated immune responses, including autoimmunity