Breaking Temporal Consistency: Generating Video Universal Adversarial Perturbations Using Image Models

As video analysis using deep learning models becomes more widespread, the vulnerability of such models to adversarial attacks is becoming a pressing concern. In particular, Universal Adversarial Perturbation (UAP) poses a significant threat, as a single perturbation can mislead deep learning models on entire datasets. We propose a novel video UAP using image data and image model. This enables us to take advantage of the rich image data and image model-based studies available for video applications. However, there is a challenge that image models are limited in their ability to analyze the temporal aspects of videos, which is crucial for a successful video attack. To address this challenge, we introduce the Breaking Temporal Consistency (BTC) method, which is the first attempt to incorporate temporal information into video attacks using image models. We aim to generate adversarial videos that have opposite patterns to the original. Specifically, BTC-UAP minimizes the feature similarity between neighboring frames in videos. Our approach is simple but effective at attacking unseen video models. Additionally, it is applicable to videos of varying lengths and invariant to temporal shifts. Our approach surpasses existing methods in terms of effectiveness on various datasets, including ImageNet, UCF-101, and Kinetics-400.Comment: ICCV 202

Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes

Doxorubicin (DOX), which is widely used in cancer treatment, can induce cardiomyopathy. One of the main mechanisms whereby DOX induces cardiotoxicity involves pyroptosis through the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Increased NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and oxidative stress trigger pyroptosis. Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inactivating NOX. Here, we examined whether 8-OHdG treatment can attenuate DOX-induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Exposure to DOX increased the peroxidative glutathione redox status and NOX1/2/4, toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, while an additional 8-OHdG treatment attenuated these effects. Furthermore, DOX induced higher expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a c-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1. Moreover, it increased caspase-1 activity, a marker of pyroptosis, and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. All these effects were attenuated by 8-OHdG treatment. In addition, the expression of the cardiotoxicity markers, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was increased by DOX, whereas the increase of ANP and BNP induced by DOX treatment was reversed by 8-OHdG. In conclusion, exogenous 8-OHdG attenuated DOX-induced pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of NOX1/2/3, TLR2/4, and NF-κB. Thus, 8-OHdG may attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through the inhibition of pyroptosis.This research was funded by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant (2020R1A2C200652811) (to K.H.S.) and Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through ‑Core Technology Development Project for Environmental Diseases Prevention and Management Program, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2021003310006) (to K.H.S.

3-Hy­droxy-2-[(2E)-1-(2-hy­droxy-6-oxocyclo­hex-1-en-1-yl)-3-(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-yl]cyclo­hex-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C22H24O5, each of the cyclo­hexenone rings adopts a half-chair conformation. The hy­droxy and carbonyl O atoms face each other and are orientated to allow for the formation of the two intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which are typical of xanthene derivatives. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into layers parallel to the ab plane

Enhanced Solubility of the Support in an FDM-Based 3D Printed Structure Using Hydrogen Peroxide under Ultrasonication

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the archetypal 3D printing processes, typically requires support structures matched to printed model parts that principally have undercut or overhung features. Thus, the support removal is an essential postprocessing step after the FDM process. Here, we present an efficient and rapid method to remove the support part of an FDM-manufactured product using the phenomenon of oxidative degradation of hydrogen peroxide. This mechanism was significantly effective on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which has been widely used as a support material in the FDM process. Compared to water, hydrogen peroxide provided a two times faster dissolution rate of the PVA material. This could be increased another two times by applying ultrasonication to the solvent. In addition to the rapidness, we confirmed that amount of the support residues removed was enhanced, which was essentially caused by the surface roughness of the FDM-fabricated part. Furthermore, we demonstrated that there was no deterioration with respect to the mechanical properties or shape geometries of the obtained 3D printed parts. Taken together, these results are expected to help enhance the productivity of FDM by reducing the postprocessing time and to allow the removal of complicated and fine support structures, thereby improving the design capability of the FDM technique

Analysis of research papers published in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Nursing-focused on research trends, intervention studies, and level of evidence in the research

The number of quantitative studies was greater than that of qualitative studies. There was a slight increase in the number of qualitative studies and studies including elderly populations, which reflects the recent population trend in Korea. More randomized controlled trials with a low risk of bias were needed to support more evidence-based nursing practice. Concerning the low rate of ethical consideration, stricter application of research ethics needs to be encouraged. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the recent trends in nursing research and the direction of nursing research and review in the Journal

A Prospective Multi-center Trial of Escherichia coli Extract for the Prophylactic Treatment of Patients with Chronically Recurrent Cystitis

We have assessed the efficacy and safety of Escherichia coli extract (ECE; UroVaxom (R)) which contains active immunostimulating fractions, in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent cystitis. Forty-two patients with more than 2 episodes of cystitis in the proceeding 6 months were treated for 3 months with one capsule daily of ECE and observed for a further 6 months. The primary efficacy criterion was the number of episodes of recurrent cystitis during the 6 months after treatment compared to those during the 6 months before treatment. At the end of the 9-month trial, 34 patients (all women) were eligible for statistical analysis. Their mean age was 56.4 yr (range, 34-75 yr), and they had experienced recurrent urinary tract infections for 7.2 +/- 5.2 yr. The number of recurrences was significantly lower during the 6-month follow-up period than during the 6 months preceding the trial (0.35 vs. 4.26, P<0.001). During the follow-up, 28 (82.4%) patients had no recurrences and 4 (11.8%) had 1 each. In patients who relapsed, ECE alleviated cystitis symptoms, including painful voiding, frequency and urgency. There were no serious adverse events related to the study drug. Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ECE in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent cystitis.Ha US, 2008, INT J ANTIMICROB AG, V31, pS63, DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.018LEE SJ, 2008, KOREAN J UROL, V48, P428Krieger JN, 2002, J UROLOGY, V168, P2351, DOI 10.1097/01.ju.0000037620.30988.b2Barnett BJ, 1997, AM J MED SCI, V314, P245Nicolle LE, 1997, INFECT DIS CLIN N AM, V11, P647Baier W, 1997, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V47, P980Lettgen B, 1996, CURR THER RES CLIN E, V57, P464AVORN J, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P751MAGASI P, 1994, EUR UROL, V26, P137SCHULMAN CC, 1993, J UROLOGY, V150, P917JACOBY GA, 1991, NEW ENGL J MED, V324, P601NAUCK M, 1991, INT J EXP CLIN CHEMO, V4, P1SOTOLONGO JR, 1990, J UROLOGY, V143, P979VANPHAM T, 1990, J BIOL RESP MODIF, V9, P231TAMMEN H, 1990, BRIT J UROL, V65, P6HANSSON S, 1989, BRIT MED J, V298, P856HANSSON S, 1989, BRIT MED J, V298, P853WYBRAN J, 1989, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V11, P17BOSCH A, 1988, IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT, V10, P333TAMMEN H, 1988, UROLOGE, V28, P294BOTTEX C, 1988, INT J IMMUNOTHER, V4, P203FREY C, 1986, UROL INT, V41, P444HAUSER WE, 1982, AM J MED, V72, P711

Open-Label Observational Study for Evaluating the Short-term Benefits of Rabeprazole Medication on Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the benefits of short-term empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication on laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and to determine whether scores on the reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) could be combined to identify subgroups of patients that will more likely to improve with this medication.MethodsFifty-one Korean Otolaryngology Board-certified specialists joined this prospective, multi-center, and open-label observational study. A total of 1,142 adult patients with LPR was enrolled for 12 weeks of rabeprazol medication. According to pre-treatment scores on RSI and RFS, patients were divided into 4 subgroups. RFS and RSI were measured repeatedly with a month interval along the treatment period. Changes of RSI and RFS were analyzed in an overall study cohort as well as in each subgroup.ResultsApproximately 40% (n=455) of enrolled patients were followed up until 12 weeks of PPI treatment. Significant improvement in RSI was obtained in 29%, 58%, and 75% of patients after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of PPI medication. RFS was improved in 16%, 42%, and 57% of the patients with 4, 8, and 12 weeks of PPI medication. All subgroups showed improvement regardless of their pre-treatment scores on the RSI and RFS.ConclusionEven though RSI and RFS may be used as a general guideline for LPR management, pre-treatment RSI and RFS are not useful in predicting the patients' response to short-term PPI medication in the usual pattern of practice for LPR, which is mostly based on the physical evaluation and history taking

Clinical outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia caused by antibiotic-resistant strains in Asian countries: a study by the Asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia caused by antibiotic-resistant strains in Asian countries, we performed a prospective observational study of 233 cases of adult pneumococcal pneumonia in 9 Asian countries from January 2000 to June 2001. Among 233 isolates, 128 (55%) were not susceptible to penicillin (25.3% were intermediately susceptible, and 29.6% were resistant). Clinical severity of pneumococcal pneumonia was not significantly different between antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible groups. Mortality rates among patients with pneumococcal pneumonia caused by penicillin-, cephalosporin-, or macrolide-resistant strains were not higher than those with antibiotic-susceptible pneumococcal pneumonia. Bacteremia and mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors for death, but any kind of antibiotic resistance was not associated with increased mortality due to pneumococcal pneumonia. Outcome of pneumococcal pneumonia was not significantly affected by drug resistance, and current antimicrobial regimens are mostly effective in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia, despite the widespread emergence of in vitro resistance

Prevalence and detection of low-allele-fraction variants in clinical cancer samples

Accurate detection of genomic alterations using high-throughput sequencing is an essential component of precision cancer medicine. We characterize the variant allele fractions (VAFs) of somatic single nucleotide variants and indels across 5095 clinical samples profiled using a custom panel, CancerSCAN. Our results demonstrate that a significant fraction of clinically actionable variants have low VAFs, often due to low tumor purity and treatment-induced mutations. The percentages of mutations under 5% VAF across hotspots in EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF are 16%, 11%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, with 24% for EGFR T790M and 17% for PIK3CA E545. For clinical relevance, we describe two patients for whom targeted therapy achieved remission despite low VAF mutations. We also characterize the read depths necessary to achieve sensitivity and specificity comparable to current laboratory assays. These results show that capturing low VAF mutations at hotspots by sufficient sequencing coverage and carefully tuned algorithms is imperative for a clinical assay

Confinement of Ferroelectric Domain-Wall Motion at Artificially Formed Conducting-Nanofilaments in Epitaxial BiFeO₃ Thin Films

We report confinement of ferroelectric domain-wall motion at conducting-nanofilament wall in epitaxial BiFeO₃ thin film on Nb-doped SrTiO₃ substrate. The BiFeO₃ film exhibited well-defined ferroelectric response and unipolar resistive switching behavior. We artificially formed conducting-nanofilaments in the BiFeO₃ via conducting atomic force microscope techniques. The conducting-nanofilament wall, which does not possess any ferroelectric polarization, is then able to block domain propagation. Consequently, we demonstrate that the domain-wall motion is effectively confined within the conducting-nanofilament wall during polarization switching. This significant new insight potentially gives an opportunity for the artificial manipulation of nanoscale ferroelectric domain