Healthy advertising coming to its senses : the effectiveness of sensory appeals in healthy food advertising

With increasing obesity rates and the daily overload of unhealthy food appeals, an important objective for advertising today is to promote healthy food consumption. According to previous research, sensory food advertisements referring to multiple senses—a combination of visual (sight), tactile (touch) and olfactory (smell) cues—evoke more positive sensory thoughts and, therefore, higher taste perceptions than advertisements referring to a single sense (e.g., only taste cues). However, this research only focused on sensory advertising for unhealthy food. The current research investigates how sensory advertising can promote healthy food. While multiple-sense ads for unhealthy food were shown to be more effective than single-sense ads, we find that, for healthy food, single-sense ads increase taste perceptions and advertising effectiveness compared to multiple-sense ads. In two laboratory experiments, we show a different underlying process for this effect—that is, single-sense ads evoke fewer negative thoughts than multiple-sense ads, which mediates the effect of single-sense versus multiple-sense ads on taste perceptions and advertising effectiveness. Moreover, we show that these effects occur not only for verbal ads but, importantly, also for visual ads, which are omnipresent today. This article closes with implications for theory and suggestions for food marketers, ad executives, and public policy

Comparing the effects of artifical tears at room temperature and body temperature

This experiment was designed to determine the responses of 50 subjects to the instillation of room and body temperature artificial tears. All subjects were asked to comment on their subjective experience after instillation of Tears Naturale II ® at both temperatures. We hypothesized that subjects in general would prefer body temperature over room temperature. The subject group was divided into four sub-categories as follows: 1) eye condition (dry eye versus non-dry eye), 2) gender, 3) oral contraceptive use and 4) contact lens wearers versus non-contact lens wearers. Statistical significance was achieved only for the sub-category contact lens wearers versus non-wearers. These results suggest that increasing the temperature of Tears Naturale II ® for contact lens wearers versus non-wearers increases the comfort level, however for the general subject group there was no statistically significant preference.

The real effects of banks' corporate credit supply : a literature review

In this paper, we review the rapidly growing literature on the real effects of banks’corporate credit supply. We cover recent methodological advances and provide anin-depth survey of the existing evidence. The literature consistently shows that creditsupply contractions lead to adverse real outcomes, but economic magnitudes vary acrosssamples and identification strategies. This variation has become smaller in more recentwork, using highly granular data. We further document heterogeneity in firm outcomesand show that the evidence is more ambiguous for expansionary shocks. Our analysisallows us to identify current knowledge gaps and worthwhile avenues for future research

Lettres et enseignes : art nouveau

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2018Fecha de 1900 tomada del WorldCa

Impact of the patient’s body position on the intraabdominal workspace during laparoscopic surgery

BACKGROUND: The effects of the patient's body position on the intraabdominal workspace in laparoscopic surgery were analyzed. METHODS: The inflated volume of carbon dioxide was measured after insufflation to a preset pressure of 15 mmHg for 20 patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m(2). The patients were anesthetized with full muscle relaxation. The five positions were (1) table horizontal with the legs flat (supine position), (2) table in 20 degrees reverse Trendelenburg with the legs flat, (3) table in 20 degrees reverse Trendelenburg with the legs flexed 45 degrees upward at the hips (beach chair position), (4) table horizontal with the legs flexed 45 degrees upward at the hips, and (5) table in 20 degrees Trendelenburg with the legs flat. The positions were performed in a random order, and the first position was repeated after the last measurement. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare inflated volumes among the five positions. RESULTS: A significant difference in inflated volume was found between the five body positions (P = 0.042). Compared with the mean inflated volume for the supine position (3.22 +/- 0.78 l), the mean inflated volume increased by 900 ml for the Trendelenburg position or when the legs were flexed at the hips, and decreased by 230 ml for the reverse Trendelenburg position. CONCLUSIONS: The Trendelenburg position for lower abdominal surgery and reverse Trendelenburg with flexing of the legs at the hips for upper abdominal surgery effectively improved the workspace in obese patients, even with full muscle relaxation.status: publishe