Negotiating Life in Times of Crisis: The Transnational Return Migration of Refugee Adolescents and Young Adults from Germany to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

In this article, the concept of transnational migration serves as a foundation for analyzing the perspectives of children and adolescents on family movements of migration, their transnational practices, and their sense of belonging. The article discusses, on the basis of a case study, the critical situations children and young people encounter in the context of transnational migration and education. Drawing on Lorenzer’s methodology of hermeneutical cultural analysis, the researcher conducted a set of interviews with refugee children, adolescents, and young adults who have returned with their families from Germany to Iraqi Kurdistan. The article shows that, in light of the conflicts arising for the interviewees in the experience of transnational return, a special emphasis on education can aid their integration into the new society

Effect of Corporate Governance Attributes on Environmental Disclosure of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

This research examined the effect of corporate governance attributes on environmental disclosure of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The data for the study were collected from annual reports and accounts of the sample twenty (20) companies listed on the Nigerian Stock exchange for the period of seven years from 2012 to 2018. Empirical analyses were carried out using correlation matrix, regression analysis. Regression analysis was used in testing hypothesis using Stata 11.0. The result of fixed effect rgression reveals independent directors has significant positive effect on the environmental disclosure of listed manufacturing companies. While foreign directors, directors with dual membership and educational background of the directors have positive insignificant effect on environmental disclosure of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria.  The study therefore, recommends that management of company should have environmental committee to help them monitor and identify environmental need in their host communities. Government should come with policy that will make every company participate in environmental activities and monitor such. Keywords: Environmental disclosure, independent director and foreign directors DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-27-07 Publication date:September 30th 202

Evaluation of a Wearable CO2 Sensor

No abstract availabl

Fit for Purpose Land Administration:Country Implementation Strategy for Addressing Uganda´s Land Tenure Security Problems

The Republic of Uganda is one of the five countries within the East African region. Uganda’s efforts to increase land productivity are hampered by land tenure insecurity related problems. For more than ten years, Fit for Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) pilot projects have been implemented in various parts of the country. Uganda is now in advanced stages of developing a country strategy for implementing a fit for purpose approach to land administration, to define the interventions, time and cost required to transform the existing formal (western type) land administration system into an administration system that is based on FFPLA principles. This paper reviews three case studies to investigate how lessons learnt from pilot projects informed a FFPLA country implementation strategy. The review is based on data collected during the development of the FFPLA strategy, in which the authors directly participated. The data collection methods included document review, field visits and interviews with purposively selected respondents from the pilot sites and institutions that had piloted FFPLA in Uganda. The study identified that pilot projects are beneficial in highlighting specific gaps in spatial, legal and institutional frameworks, that have potential to constrain FFPLA implementation. Pilot projects provided specific data for informed planning, programing and costing key interventions in the FFPLA country implementation strategy. The lessons learnt from the pilot projects, informed the various steps and issues considered while developing the national strategy for implementing a FFPLA approach in Uganda. On the other hand, the study identified that uncoordinated pilot projects are potential sources of inconsistencies in data and products, which may be cumbersome to harmonize at a national level. In order to implement a fit for purpose approach for land administration at a national level, it is necessary to consolidate the lessons leant from pilots into a unified country implementation strategy

Challenges Facing Educational Leaders on Provision of Professional Development to Teachers of Open Secondary Schools in Tanzania: The Case of Kaloleni Ward in Arusha City Council

Several studies have shown the impact of professional development to teachers. Despite the importance of such studies, studies on professional development to teachers of open secondary schools are few. Thus, this study aimed to investigate challenges facing educational leaders on provision of professional development to teachers of open secondary schools in Tanzania: A case of Kaloleni Ward. Professional development plays an important role to teachers. It refers to a process embracing all activities that enhance professional career growth. This study used descriptive and exploratory research design to obtain data from Open Secondary School teachers and leaders in Arusha City Council. A sample of 41 participants was selected for the study using both simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Primary data were collected from books, journals, and papers whereas interview and questionnaire methods were used in collecting secondary data. Data were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively and kept under validity and reliability examination. The study found several challenges facing non-formal educational leaders in provision of professional development to teachers where lack of fund and managerial skills by the leaders, and lack of motivation by the teachers were among the major ones. It was recommended that the government through the ministries and institutions concerned should pay more attention to non-formal education by ensuring that adequate fund is available for teachers’ professional development. Again, leaders and teachers under non-formal education should have plans in hand for sustainable teachers’ professional development

Impact of Environmental Disclosure on Performance of Cement and Brewery Companies in Nigeria

This research empirically assessed the impact of environmental disclosure on performance of listed cement and breweries companies in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of nine cement andbreweries companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. Three listed cement and four breweries companies were selected as a sample for this study. Secondary data were used and were collected from annual reports of selected companies for the period of five years from 2011 – 2015. Ordinary Least Square regression technique was employed to analyze the data. Content analysis was used for measuring quantitative environmental disclosure and unweigted approach was used to rank environmental disclosure indices for measuring qualitative voluntary environmental disclosure. Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earning per Share (EPS) were used as proxies for measuring performance. The empirical result indicates that environmental disclosure quantitative (EDQN) has a positive insignificant on ROA and EPS at 0.707 and 0.616 respectively, it has negative insignificant impact on ROE at 0.756. On the other hand, environmental disclosure qualitative (EDQL) has positive significant impact on ROAat0.025 also with EPS at 0.00, it however has positive insignificant impact on ROA at 0.660. and is statistically significant, also negative impact on ROE and EPS and is insignificant. . The control variable firm size (FRMS) has positive significant impact on EPS at 0.009.  The study recommends that cement tand breweries companies should practice how to disclose more environmental information. Government should also come up with clearly define policy on environmental disclosure issues and should ensure its full implementation. Keywords: Environmental disclosure, firm performance, mandatory disclosure, voluntary disclosure

Education And Gender Equality: A Case Study Of Muslim Female Students In Malaysia

Both the internationalized and globalized processes of the country and the traditional norms and conservative religious concepts regarding gender roles, work and family influence the lives of women in Malaysia. The latter can hinder them to tap their full potential: Despite outnumbering male students in secondary school and university, only 53 percent of women between the age of 15 and 64 are employed in Malaysia (Economic Planning Unit Malaysia, 2015, p. 3-7). Against this background, the question arises how educationally successful Muslim female students develop individual educational processes to lay the foundation to pursue successful careers afterwards. The study refers to fifteen narrative in-depth interviews with Muslim female students about chances and challenges within their education. The interviews were analysed through the hermeneutic cultural analysis methodology “scenic understanding” according to Lorenzer (2006 [1985]). It is outlined that leadership programs in school can help the female students to develop skills to pursue a successful education and career. Consequently, leadership programs contribute to the sustainable development of gender’s equality and women’s empowerment

Pragmatic restaurant tipping in star-rated hotels in Kenya

Tipping can be traced to Tudor England in the sixteenth century. This act transformed into a custom, spreading to many countries. However, tipping is observed differently from one country to the other and thus is not homogeneous from a global perspective. The act of tipping is thought to be motivated by various predictors, which were studied and are thought to influence peoples’ tipping behaviour. They include gender, income level, religion, nationality, hospitality exposure, alcohol consumption and the weather conditions of the day. The study applied a cross-sectional survey design and was carried out in Kenya during from December 2019 to February 2020 in eight star-rated hotels. A questionnaire was applied in this study. The study has results showing that data is distributed close to the mean values. Further, the study results show that the independent variable explains 78.4% of the variability in the tipping practice. Thus the variable of “Patronage frequency” gave the strongest significant and unique contribution in explaining the dependent variable (B = 0.515, Sig. = 0.000, t = 15.363). However, religion gave the weakest unique and non-significant contribution (B = 0.013, Sig. = 0.770, t = 0.293). For hotel restaurants to achieve high levels of tipping, there is a need to adjust these predictors depending on the effect of each on the outcome variable. Thus, the study established a significant relationship between the determinants of tipping and the tipping practices in the sampled star-rated hotels in Kenya

HIV Point Of Care Diagnostics: Meeting The Special Needs Of Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 70% of the 35 million people living with HIV worldwide, obviously carries the heaviest burden of the HIV epidemic. Moreover, the region’s poor health system occasioned by limited resources and inadequate skilled clinical personnel usually makes decentralization of HIV care difficult. Therefore, quality diagnostics that are easy to use, inexpensive, and amenable for use at point of care (POC) are a dire necessity. Clearly, such diagnostics will significantly lessen the pressure on the existing over-stretched centralized HIV laboratory services. Thankfully, some POC diagnostics are already being validated, while others are in the pipeline. As POC test kits emerge, implementation hurdles should be envisaged and planned for. This review examines emerging HIV diagnostic platforms, HIV POC product pipelines, gaps, perceived POC implementation challenges, and general recommendations for quality care.</jats:p