7,015 research outputs found
Numerical solution of conservative finite-dimensional stochastic Schrodinger equations
The paper deals with the numerical solution of the nonlinear Ito stochastic
differential equations (SDEs) appearing in the unravelling of quantum master
equations. We first develop an exponential scheme of weak order 1 for general
globally Lipschitz SDEs governed by Brownian motions. Then, we proceed to study
the numerical integration of a class of locally Lipschitz SDEs. More precisely,
we adapt the exponential scheme obtained in the first part of the work to the
characteristics of certain finite-dimensional nonlinear stochastic Schrodinger
equations. This yields a numerical method for the simulation of the mean value
of quantum observables. We address the rate of convergence arising in this
computation. Finally, an experiment with a representative quantum master
equation illustrates the good performance of the new scheme.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000403 in the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
On the relationship between a quantum Markov semigroup and its representation via linear stochastic Schroedinger equations
A quantum Markov semigroup can be represented via classical diffusion
processes solving a stochastic Schr\"odinger equation. In this paper we first
prove that a quantum Markov semigroup is irreducible if and only if classical
diffusion processes are total in the Hilbert space of the system. Then we study
the relationship between irreducibility of a quantum Markov semigroup and
properties of these diffusions such as accessibility, the Lie algebra rank
condition, and irreducibility. We prove that all these properties are, in
general, weaker than irreducibility of the quantum Markov semigroup,
nevertheless, they are equivalent for some important classes of semigroups.Comment: 16 page
Regional and farm specialisation in Spanish agriculture before and after integration in the European Union
In this paper, we study the evolution of agricultural product specialisation at farm and county level from 1979 to 1997 in Spain, thus covering all the stages of the gradual implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. We use a multiproduct version of Theil and Finizza's index of segregation that allows us to decompose farm product specialisation into county specialisation with respect to the national level, i.e., the usual measure of regional specialisation, and farm specialisation within counties. Our results confirm the importance of increasing regional specialisation but also highlight that trends of farm specialisation within counties have varied across large agricultural areas. In particular, regions more specialised in export-oriented products seem to have speeded regional specialisation
REGIONAL AND FARM SPECIALISATION IN SPANISH AGRICULTURE BEFORE AND AFTER INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
In this paper, we study the evolution of agricultural product specialisation at farm and county level from 1979 to 1997 in Spain, thus covering all the stages of the gradual implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. We use a multiproduct version of Theil and Finizza's index of segregation that allows us to decompose farm product specialisation into county specialisation with respect to the national level, i.e., the usual measure of regional specialisation, and farm specialisation within counties. Our results confirm the importance of increasing regional specialisation but also highlight that trends of farm specialisation within counties have varied across large agricultural areas. In particular, regions more specialised in export-oriented products seem to have speeded regional specialisation.
Antimagic Labelings of Caterpillars
A -antimagic labeling of a graph is an injection from to
such that all vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where
the vertex sum at vertex is the sum of the labels assigned to edges
incident to . We call a graph -antimagic when it has a -antimagic
labeling, and antimagic when it is 0-antimagic. Hartsfield and Ringel
conjectured that every simple connected graph other than is antimagic,
but the conjecture is still open even for trees. Here we study -antimagic
labelings of caterpillars, which are defined as trees the removal of whose
leaves produces a path, called its spine. As a general result, we use
constructive techniques to prove that any caterpillar of order is -antimagic. Furthermore, if is a caterpillar with a
spine of order , we prove that when has at least leaves or consecutive vertices of degree at
most 2 at one end of a longest path, then is antimagic. As a consequence of
a result by Wong and Zhu, we also prove that if is a prime number, any
caterpillar with a spine of order , or is -antimagic.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Experimentación y conjetura en el aula
El poder de la tecnologÃa informática permite, entre otras cosas, potenciar la exploración dirigida al descubrimiento y formulación de conjeturas en un ambiente dinámico en el aula, que supera la praxis tradicional centrada en la algorÃtmica y la manipulación simbólica
- …