672 research outputs found
Inverse chemical modeling and radiocarbon dating of palaeogroundwaters: The Tertiairy Ledo-paniselian aquifer in Flanders, Belgium.
Groundwater samples from the Ledo-Paniselian aquifer have been interpreted for chemical reaction patterns
Superconductivity and Quantum Spin Disorder in Cuprates
A fundamental connection between superconductivity and quantum spin
fluctuations in underdoped cuprates, is revealed. A variational calculation
shows that {\em Cooper pair hopping} strongly reduces the local magnetization
. This effect pertains to recent neutron scattering and muon spin rotation
measurements in which varies weakly with hole doping in the poorly
conducting regime, but drops precipitously above the onset of
superconductivity
Intrafraction motion analysis in online adaptive radiotherapy for esophageal cancer
Intrafraction motion during magnetic resonance (MR)-guided dose delivery of esophageal cancer tumors was retrospectively analyzed. Deformable image registration of cine-MR series resulted in gross tumor volume motion profiles in all directions, which were subsequently filtered to isolate respiratory and drift motion. A large variability in intrafraction motion patterns was observed between patients. Median 95% peak-to-peak motion was 7.7 (3.7 - 18.3) mm, 2.1 (0.7 - 5.7) mm and 2.4 (0.5 - 5.6) mm in cranio-caudal, left-right and anterior-posterior directions, relatively. Furthermore, intrafraction drift was generally modest (<5mm). A patient specific approach could lead to very small margins (<3mm) for most patients
Theory of d-density wave viewed from a vertex model and its implications
The thermal disordering of the -density wave, proposed to be the origin of
the pseudogap state of high temperature superconductors, is suggested to be the
same as that of the statistical mechanical model known as the 6-vertex model.
The low temperature phase consists of a staggered order parameter of
circulating currents, while the disordered high temperature phase is a
power-law phase with no order. A special feature of this transition is the
complete lack of an observable specific heat anomaly at the transition. There
is also a transition at a even higher temperature at which the magnitude of the
order parameter collapses. These results are due to classical thermal
fluctuations and are entirely unrelated to a quantum critical point in the
ground state. The quantum mechanical ground state can be explored by
incorporating processes that causes transitions between the vertices, allowing
us to discuss quantum phase transition in the ground state as well as the
effect of quantum criticality at a finite temperature as distinct from the
power-law fluctuations in the classical regime. A generalization of the model
on a triangular lattice that leads to a 20-vertex model may shed light on the
Wigner glass picture of the metal-insulator transition in two-dimensional
electron gas. The power-law ordered high temperature phase may be generic to a
class of constrained systems and its relation to recent advances in the quantum
dimer models is noted.Comment: RevTex4, 10 pages, 11 figure
Gutzwiller-Correlated Wave Functions: Application to Ferromagnetic Nickel
Ferromagnetic Nickel is the most celebrated iron group metal with pronounced
discrepancies between the experimental electronic properties and predictions of
density functional theories. In this work, we show in detail that the recently
developed multi-band Gutzwiller theory provides a very good description of the
quasi-particle band structure of nickel. We obtain the correct exchange
splittings and we reproduce the experimental Fermi-surface topology. The
correct (111)-direction of the magnetic easy axis and the right order of
magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy are found. Our theory also reproduces the
experimentally observed change of the Fermi-surface topology when the magnetic
moment is oriented along the (001)-axis. In addition to the numerical study, we
give an analytical derivation for a much larger class of variational
wave-functions than in previous investigations. In particular, we cover cases
of superconductivity in multi-band lattice systems.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figure
The Kondo effect in ferromagnetic atomic contacts
Iron, cobalt and nickel are archetypal ferromagnetic metals. In bulk,
electronic conduction in these materials takes place mainly through the and
electrons, whereas the magnetic moments are mostly in the narrow
-electron bands, where they tend to align. This general picture may change
at the nanoscale because electrons at the surfaces of materials experience
interactions that differ from those in the bulk. Here we show direct evidence
for such changes: electronic transport in atomic-scale contacts of pure
ferromagnets (iron, cobalt and nickel), despite their strong bulk
ferromagnetism, unexpectedly reveal Kondo physics, that is, the screening of
local magnetic moments by the conduction electrons below a characteristic
temperature. The Kondo effect creates a sharp resonance at the Fermi energy,
affecting the electrical properties of the system;this appears as a Fano-Kondo
resonance in the conductance characteristics as observed in other artificial
nanostructures. The study of hundreds of contacts shows material-dependent
lognormal distributions of the resonance width that arise naturally from Kondo
theory. These resonances broaden and disappear with increasing temperature,
also as in standard Kondo systems. Our observations, supported by calculations,
imply that coordination changes can significantly modify magnetism at the
nanoscale. Therefore, in addition to standard micromagnetic physics, strong
electronic correlations along with atomic-scale geometry need to be considered
when investigating the magnetic properties of magnetic nanostructures.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
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