77 research outputs found

    A general perspective about high energy physics

    Get PDF

    Optical properties of cubic AlGaN

    Get PDF
    In this work we report optical characterization on several cubic c-AlGaN layers grown by MBE on SiC on Si pseudo-substrates, with different aluminum concentrations ranging from 0 to 70 %. Excitation power evolution of AlGaN photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as reflectivity spectra allow to attribute PL peak to band gap recombination. PL energy dependence versus aluminum concentration is given. Reflectivity investigations are performed in the energy range between 1.5 eV and 4 eV on the samples. Theoretical calculations of multilayered structure reflectivity are fitted to experimental results, allowing an accurate determination of refractive index evolution versus Al concentration. From this analysis, qualitative information about interface roughness at AlGaN/SiC is also be derived.SFERERegion RhĂŽne-AlpesConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂ­

    Expression des leucotoxines de Staphylococcus aureus in vitro et in vivo (Impact d'antimicrobiens sur leur expression dans un modÚle d'infection expérimentale)

    No full text
    Les infections Ă  Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) sont le rĂ©sultat de l'expression de diffĂ©rents facteurs de virulence : des facteurs d'adhĂ©sion aux tissus et aux matĂ©riaux, des facteurs d'agression et de contournement des dĂ©fenses de l'hĂŽte. Notre travail a portĂ© sur la mise au point d'une mĂ©thode d'Ă©valuation de l'expression de facteurs de rĂ©gulation (agr, sar, sigB), et des leucotoxines de S. aureus, composĂ©es de la leucocidine de Panton et Valentine (LPV), de la gamma-hĂ©molysine (HlgA, HlgB, HlgC), et de LukE-LukD. Ce test de RT-PCR compĂ©titive, nous a permis d'obtenir une semi-quantification du nombre d'ARNm par unitĂ© formant colonie, variable suivant les leucotoxines, la souche Ă©tudiĂ©e ou le milieu de culture utilisĂ©. Quelle que soit la souche, hlgA est exprimĂ©e plus faiblement que les autres leucotoxines. L'expression des leucotoxines est sensible aux mutations dans les gĂšnes agr et sar. L'influence de deux classes d'antibiotiques : lincosamines (clindamycine) et fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacine), sur l'expression d'une ou plusieurs leucotoxines a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© in vitro. Celle-ci est rĂ©duite en prĂ©sence de clindamycine. L'expression des leucotoxines dans un modĂšle expĂ©rimental d'endophtalmie Ă  S. aureus chez le lapin s'effectue Ă  des densitĂ©s bactĂ©riennes plus faibles que dans les milieux de culture. La clindamycine prĂ©sente un passage mĂ©diocre dans l'Ɠil. L'Ă©tude de la pĂ©nĂ©tration de la moxifloxacine dans l'humeur vitrĂ©e infectĂ©e ou non a montrĂ© un bon passage de cette molĂ©cule. Les concentrations obtenues sont supĂ©rieures aux CMI90 de la moxifloxacine actives sur la plupart des pathogĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans les endophtalmies. L'action dans l'Ɠil infectĂ© de la moxifloxacine sur les bactĂ©ries n'entraĂźne pas de stimulation significative de l'expression des leucotoxines ou des facteurs de rĂ©gulation. Cette mĂ©thode se rĂ©vĂšle utile pour l'Ă©valuation des traitements anti-microbiens, afin de dĂ©terminer leur impact sur l'expression des facteurs de virulence bactĂ©riens.The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus depends largely on a complex regulation of extracellular virulence factors, including both secreted and surface proteins, and expressed in response to explicit environmental conditions. A competitive reverse transcription-PCR method was developed for the semiquantitation of genes expression encoding Staphylococcus aureus bicomponent leucotoxins: Panton-Valentine leucocidin (lukPV), gamma-hemolysin (hlgA and hlgCB), and lukE-LukD (lukED), and of the expression of the regulation factors (sar, agr and sigB). Reproducible results were obtained, with sensitivity for detection of cDNA within the range of 1 mRNA/104 CFU to 102 mRNA/CFU. Variable expression occurred between leucotoxins, strains and media, but hlgA was always expressed at a lower level than the other leucotoxins. The leucotoxins expression was sensitive to agr, sar, and agr sar mutations, except hlgA. The influence of two antibiotic families, lincosamids (clindamycin) and fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin), on the expression of one or several leucotoxins was studied. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin reduced the leucotoxins expression in the YCP medium. The leucotoxins expression, evaluated in a rabbit endophthalmitis experimental model, occurred at lower bacterial densities than in culture media. The moxifloxacin penetration into the vitreous humor, following a systemic administration of two doses (5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg), was rapid and efficient whatever the doses, ranging from 28% to 47%. Inflammatory state of vitreous humor, induced by injection of S. aureus strains, significantly increased the penetration. A slight decrease of the expression of leucotoxins and sar, agr, sigB virulence regulatory factors was observed following the administration of the 5-mg/kg dose. The reverse transcription-PCR method is useful tool to evaluate antimicrobial treatments and their possible impacts on the virulence factors expression.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prise en charge de la pyélonéphrite aiguë de l'enfant en médecine ambulatoire et hospitaliÚre (attitude univoque ?)

    No full text
    LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Heavy-quark opportunities and challenges at FCC-ee

    No full text
    International audienceThe abundant production of beauty and charm hadrons in the 5×1012Z05 \times 10^{12}Z^0 decays expected at FCC-ee offers outstanding opportunities in flavour physics that in general exceed those available at Belle II and are complementary to the heavy-flavour programme of the LHC. A wide range of measurements will be possible in heavy-flavour spectroscopy, rare decays of heavy-flavoured particles and C ⁣PC\!P-violation studies, which will benefit from the low-background experimental environment, the high Lorentz boost and the availability of the full spectrum of hadron species. This essay first surveys the important questions in heavy-flavour physics and assesses the likely theoretical and experimental landscape at the turn-on of FCC-ee. From this certain, measurements are identified where the impact of FCC-ee will be particularly important. A full exploitation of the heavy-flavour potential of FCC-ee places specific constraints and challenges on detector design, which in some cases are in tension with those imposed by the other physics goals of the facility. These requirements and conflicts are discussed

    A general perspective about high energy physics

    Get PDF
    International audience. This volume of Compte-Rendus proposes a discussion of an ensemble of precision measurements in particle physics. It provides an experimental state of the art review as well as perspectives for future measurements. We explore in this rapid overview the pillars of our knowledge, how they were established and draw some perspectives about the necessity of a new precision era to tackle the outstanding questions of the fiel

    40 ans de recherche archéologique (1980-2022)

    No full text
    International audienceLes Ă©tudes archĂ©ologiques sur l’enceinte romaine du Mans ont connu un essor manifeste Ă  partir du dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980 avec la fin du dĂ©gagement puis la restauration de la façade occidentale longeant la Sarthe. À des campagnes de relevĂ©s et de sondages, ont succĂ©dĂ© des fouilles prĂ©ventives menĂ©es en amont de projets de mise en valeur du monument ou de rĂ©novation urbaine, tandis que, depuis 2017, un Projet collectif de recherche a Ă©tĂ© lancĂ© avec pour ambition de dresser un bilan scientifique global. Ainsi, la ville du Mans prĂ©sente la singularitĂ© de voir coexister une recherche programmĂ©e active et un nombre important d’opĂ©rations de fouilles archĂ©ologiques prĂ©ventives
    • 

    corecore