Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid onto Volcanic Ash Soils:

The quantification of the linear adsorption coefficient (Kd) for soils plays a vital role to predict fate and transport of pesticides in the soil-water environment. In this study, we measured Kd values for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption onto Japanese volcanic ash soils with different amount of soil organic matter (SOM) in batch experiments under different pH conditions. All measurements followed well both linear and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Strong correlations were found between measured Kd values and pH as well as SOM. The 2,4-D adsorption increased with decreasing pH and with increasing SOM. Based on the data, a predictive Kd equation for volcanic ash soils, log (Kd) = 2.04 - 0.37 pH + 0.91 log (SOM), was obtained by the multiple regression analysis. The predictive Kd equation was tested against measured 2,4-D sorption data for other volcanic ash soils and normal mineral soils from literature. The proposed Kd equation well predicted Kd values for other volcanic ash soils and slightly over- or under-predicted Kd values for normal mineral soils. The proposed Kd equation performed well against volcanic ash soils from different sites and countries, and is therefore recommended for predicting Kd values at different pH and SOM conditions for volcanic ash soils when calculating and predicting 2,4-D mobility and fate in soil and groundwater

promoting access to finance and developing human resources

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2020Myanmar has been endeavoring to implement an industrialized nation from an agricultural country as the other developed nations. After the significant political transition from the Military Government to Democratic Government in 2011, the rate of FDIs investing in Myanmar is getting higher dramatically because of its economically geographic location and advantageous economic reform. The effective way of industrialization is to support and encourage the growth of industrial based-Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) such as automotive parts supplier SMEs to FDI-MNCs. As the major players of the national economy, the Union Government has been providing fundamental needs of SMEs and nurturing the skilled labours required for foreign investment. However, development is invisible significantly and they are still having multiple obstacles and challenges in receiving technologies, access to finance and market. The study comes to conclude that the agricultural-based SMEs are getting more supports rather than supportive SMEs for heavy industry. Thu, the government must encourage the growth of these types of SMEs in order to cooperate with FDI and to integrate into the global value chains (GVCs) for the industrialization of the nation rapidly.Part I: Introduction Part II: Research and Findings Chapter 1: Review of Literature Chapter 2: Correlation between Industrialization and Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar Chapter 3: Analysis of Automotive Industry in Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand Chapter 4: Supporting and Financing to SMEs by the Union Government of Myanmar Chapter 5: Promotion of HRD for attracting Foreign Direct Investment Part III: Conclusions and Recommendations Conclusions Recommendations ReferencesmasterpublishedEi Ei Mo

Evaluating biometrics fingerprint template protection for an emergency situation

Biometric template protection approaches have been developed to secure the biometric templates against image reconstruction on the stored templates. Two cancellable fingerprint template protection approaches namely minutiae-based bit-string cancellable fingerprint template and modified minutiae-based bit-string cancellable fingerprint template, are selected to be evaluated. Both approaches include the geometric information of the fingerprint into the extracted minutiae. Six modified fingerprint data sets are derived from the original fingerprint images in FVC2002DB1_B and FVC2002DB2_B by conducting the rotation and changing the quality of original fingerprint images according to the environment conditions during an emergency situation such as wet or dry fingers and disoriented angle of fingerprint images. The experimental results show that the modified minutiae-based bit-string cancellable fingerprint template performs well on all conditions during an emergency situation by achieving the matching accuracy between 83% and 100% on FVC2002DB1_B data set and between 99% and 100% on FVC2002DB2_B data set

A Study of the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Teacher Empowerment at Daruna Ratchaburi Witaed Suksa School in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Teacher Empowerment based on the perceptions of teachers at the school of Daruna Ratchaburi Witaed Suksa in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Based on two variables, there were three objectives: (1) To identify the level of teachers' perceptions on Transformational School Leadership, (2) To examine the level of teachers' perceptions on Teacher Empowerment, (3) To determine if there were any significant relationship between two of those variables. In this study, the quantitative methodology was used along with 106 participant teachers at the school of DRWS. In research findings, it showed the overall scores of Transformational School Leadership and Six Dimensions of Teacher Empowerment got high level in the perceptions of teachers. Then, the positive significant correlation had occurred between Transformational School Leadership and Teacher Empowerment. Considering those results, both of those variables were moving in the same direction. It, thus, could be said the more Transformational School Leadership performed in the school, the greater teachers felt empowerment in their work life. Thus, it was recommended that in order to apply on the concept of beginning from school principal to teacher empowering, through which the feeling of empowerment of the teachers, would flow to student empowerment (Short & Reinhard,1992), it required to conduct the relationship of Transformational School Leadership, Teacher Empowerment, and Student Achievement in both at the private and public educational sectors, in Thailand

Temperature effects on geotechnical properties of kaolin clay: Simultaneous measurements of consolidation characteristics, shear stiffness, and permeability using a modified oedometer

The increased worldwide use of shallow geothermal energy systems including ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) have given concerns of possible temperature effects on soil geotechnical properties. In this study, the effects of temperature on mechanical characteristics such as consolidation settlement, shear stiffness, and permeability of kaolin clay were investigated. A modified oedometer apparatus which allows the simultaneous measurements of consolidation settlement, shear wave velocity, and hydraulic conductivity was developed and used. Consolidation tests on preconsolidated kaolin samples (two sample sizes: ϕ 6 cm x H 10 cm and ϕ 6 cm x H 2 cm) were performed under sequentially increasing consolidation pressures at three different temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C, and 40 °C). Larger apparent preconsolidation pressure, Pac, was seen at higher temperature (40 °C) for both sample sizes, but only for samples having relatively high initial void ratios between 1.53 and 1.62. Relatively higher shear modulus as a function of void ratio was observed for samples at higher temperature, suggesting that changes in fabric structure (likely caused by enhanced inter-particle forces between clay particles at higher temperature) resulted in the increased shear stiffness and, thus, higher Pac at 40 °C. Oppositely, temperature effects on theManuscript received February 5, 2013. This work was partly funded by a grant from the Research Management Bureau, Saitama University, the grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (No.22860012), and a JSPS bilateral research project. This work was also partially supported by a CREST project, a research grant from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).E. E. Mon is with Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan. (phone/fax: (+81) 48-858-3116; e-mail: [email protected]).S. Hamamoto, is with Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan. (e-mail: [email protected])K. Kawamoto is with Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan. (e-mail: [email protected]).T. Komatsu is with Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan. (e-mail: [email protected]).P. Mødrup is with Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark. (e-mail: [email protected]). permeability of kaolin clay were not significant within the studied temperature range between 5 °C and 40 °C

Enhancement of Cluster-based Routing Protocol with Parameters Consideration in Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of large number of battery operated sensor nodes which are generally deployed in different environments. These sensor nodes have limited energy to sense, process and transmit information. Therefore, there is a need to design an energy efficient routing protocol to extend the lifetime of a WSN. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocols are considered to optimize the energy consumption. In this paper, a cluster based routing protocol called Enhancement of Cluster-based Routing Protocol with Parameter Consideration (ECRP-PC) is proposed, in which an assistant Cluster Head called Vice Cluster Head (VCH) is introduced in addition to Cluster Head (CH).  In a cluster, the node with the highest residual energy among all nodes is selected as the CH, and the node with second highest residual energy is selected by the CH as the VCH when the cluster head distance is longer than the specified distance. VCH will serve as a backup node of the CH. The selected VCH will be in a sleep mode as long as the energy of CH is above a threshold, and it will become active when the energy of CH is below a threshold. According to the results, the proposed ECRP-PC protocol is able to increase the average lifetime of nodes up to 56% compared to the original LEACH

Documenting the application of the Myanmar Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy

This paper documents the testimonials of those who implemented the Myanmar Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy (MCSAS) and accounts of those who experienced its application on the ground. Success stories and challenges in implementing MCSAS were documented. Based on the stakeholder interviews conducted, MCSAS is proven to be a valuable document in guiding the implementation of context-specific climate actions in Myanmar. Nineteen government and NGO programs, four policy documents, and an estimate of one billion USD investments were influenced by MCSAS. Following the MCSAS, the National Climate-Smart Agriculture Center of Yezin Agricultural University was established in 2018. Several projects focusing on farmers, particularly the Climate-Smart Village in the Dry Zone and the Farmer Field School in the Delta Zone, were also studied to understand the depth of the influence of MCSAS. In these cases, climate-smart practices adopted have helped farmers coped with climate change and increased their household incomes. Nevertheless, suggestions were made to further improve the Strategy with more specific actions that could be implemented and the funding options that implementers could pursue. The Strategy also needs to be integrated into the current programs of the government and its contents translated in the local language in a format that local people can understand

Efficient pretreatment of cellulose/lignocellulose in ionic liquid at high loading

13301甲第4754号博士（工学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 要約Outline 以下に掲載：Carbohydrate Polymers 176(1) pp.365-373 2018. Elsevier. 共著者：Takatsugu Endo, Ei Mon Aung, Shunsuke Fujii, Shota Hosomi, Mitsugu Kimizu, Kazuaki Ninomiya, Kenji Takahash

Endosseous dental implant fractures an analysis of 21 cases

Implant fracture is an infrequent cause of implant failure. The present study evaluates 21 fractured implants, with an analysis of patient age and sex, the type, length and diameter of the implant, positioning in the dental arch, the type of prosthetic rehabilitation involved, the number of abutments and pontics, the presence or absence of distal extensions or cantilevers, and loading time to fracture. Implant fracture was more common in males than in females (15:4), and the mean patient age was 56.9 years. Most cases (n = 19) corresponded to implant-supported fixed prostheses - 16 with cantilevers of different lengths ? while only two fractured implants were supporting overdentures instead of fixed prostheses. The great majority of fractured implants (80.9%) were located in the molar and premolar regions, and most fractured within 3-4 years after loading. It is important to know and apply the measures required to prevent implant fracture, and to seek the best individualized solution for each case - though complete implant removal is usually the treatment of choice