Synthesis & Spectral Characterization of Some New Carbacylamidophosphate Derivatives. Crystal Structures of CCl3C(O)NHP(O)[NH(C5H9)]2 and CH3C6H4C(O)NHP(O)[NH(C5H9)]2

Full Title: Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Some New Carbacylamidophosphate Derivatives. Crystal Structures of CCl3C(O)NHP(O)[NH(C5H9)]2 and CH3C6H4C(O)NHP(O)[NH(C5H9)]2Some new carbacylamidophosphate derivatives with the general formula RC(O)NHP(O)[NH(C5H9)]2: (R=CCl3), 1a; (R=CHCl2), 2a; (R=CH2Cl), 3a; (R=CF3), 4a; (R=C6H5), 1b; (R=p-Cl-C6H4), 2b; (R=p-Br-C6H4), 3b; (R=p-Me-C6H4), 4b; were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31PNMRand IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystalline solids of 1a and 4b were studied bysingle crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The dimeric aggregate and the centrosymmetric dimer formed via intermolecular N-H....O=P and N-H....O=C hydrogen bonds in 1a and 4b, respectively. In all the synthesized molecules, similar spectral patterns were obtained in the 13C NMR spectra for carbon atoms of cyclic amines with 2J PNC = 0 and 3JPNC ranging from 4 to 6 Hz.KEYWORDS: Carbacylamidophosphates, hydrogen bonds, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy

Assessing the Dissipative Capacity of Particle Impact Dampers Based on their Nonlinear Bandwidth Characteristics

The dissipative capacity as quantified by the nonlinear bandwidth measure of impulsively loaded primary structures (PSs) coupled to particle impact dampers (PIDs) is assessed. The considered PIDs are designed by initially placing different numbers of spherical, linearly viscoelastic granules at different 2D initial topologies and clearances. The strongly nonlinear and highly discontinuous dynamics of the PIDs are simulated via the discrete element method taking Hertzian interactions, slipping friction and granular rotations into account. The general definition of nonlinear bandwidth is used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of the integrated PS-PID systems. Moreover, the effect of the dynamics of the PIDs on the time-bandwidth product of these systems is studied, as a measure of their capacity to store or dissipate vibration energy. It is found that the initial topologies of the granules in the PID drastically affect the time-bandwidth product, which, depending on shock intensity, may break the classical limit of unity which holds for linear time-invariant dissipative resonators. The optimal PS-PID systems composed of multiple granules produce large nonlinear bandwidths, indicating strong dissipative capacity of broadband input energy by the PIDs. Additionally, in the optimal configurations, the time-bandwidth product, i.e., the measure of the frequency bandwidth of the input shock that is stored in the PS-PID system, in tandem with the amount of time it takes for the system to dissipate (1/e) of the initial energy, can be tuned either above or below unity by varying the applied shock intensity. The implications of these findings on the dissipative capacity of the system considered are discussed, showing that it can be predictively assessed so that PIDs can act as highly effective nonlinear energy sinks capable of rapid and efficient suppression of vibration induced by shocks

Visualisation of Integrated Patient-Centric Data as Pathways: Enhancing Electronic Medical Records in Clinical Practice

Routinely collected data in hospital Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is rich and abundant but often not linked or analysed for purposes other than direct patient care. We have created a methodology to integrate patient-centric data from different EMR systems into clinical pathways that represent the history of all patient interactions with the hospital during the course of a disease and beyond. In this paper, the literature in the area of data visualisation in healthcare is reviewed and a method for visualising the journeys that patients take through care is discussed. Examples of the hidden knowledge that could be discovered using this approach are explored and the main application areas of visualisation tools are identified. This paper also highlights the challenges of collecting and analysing such data and making the visualisations extensively used in the medical domain. This paper starts by presenting the state-of-the-art in visualisation of clinical and other health related data. Then, it describes an example clinical problem and discusses the visualisation tools and techniques created for the utilisation of these data by clinicians and researchers. Finally, we look at the open problems in this area of research and discuss future challenges

Evaluation of Tetanus Vacination Status of Pregnant Mothers Referring to Delivery Wards, Yazd

Introduction: Tetanus is a serious infectious disease and the most common cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Although neonatal tetanus (NT) can be prevented by immunization of expectant mothers, good hygiene and asepsis during delivery, total eradication of organism is not possible. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done on 480 pregnant women after delivery. Data was collected by a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS windows software program. Results: Prenatal immunization rate (complete and partial) was 65/2% and 34/8%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the vaccination status and age, education of mother, parity and length of time between pregnancy and previous pregnancy. The reasons reported by non immunized mothers (not receiving the two dose vaccine) included complete tetanus vaccination coverage before pregnancy, lack of awareness about the needs for vaccination, improper counseling by persons responsible for antenatal care, e.t.c. Conclusion: Considering the results of the study, it is proposed that a complete history of the pregnant woman recorded at the first antenatal visit should be the basis of counseling and education of the woman and prenatal care staff should be also be fully educated

Comparative evaluation of visual estimation and accurate measurement of the amount of blood loss during surgery

Background: The greater the ability to accurately estimate the amount of blood loss during surgery, the greater the readiness to deal with possible risks during surgery. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the visual estimation and accurate measurements of the amount of blood loss during surgery in order to make better management of the bleeding during surgery and make proper cares in proper time. Methods: 31 patients undergoing surgery who referred to Firoozgar hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2017 were entered this clinical trial study using simple sampling method. All patients underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery. Then, the amount of bleeding during the operation was calculated in two ways: visual estimation and also using a sensitive scale. Data were analyzed via SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 41.4 years old, and the mean weight was 65.2 kg. There was a significant difference between the amount of bleeding calculated as a visual bleeding amount and the bleeding calculated by sensitive scale at the first hour of operation (P < 0.0001), and also at the second hour of operation (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The amount of blood on the gauzes calculated by visual estimation was significantly lower than the actual estimation. In order to reduce this error, it is recommended that, in assessing the amount of blood on gauzes, in addition to the amount of gauze to be impregnated with the blood, the amount of moisture (moisture) of the gauzes should also be taken into account. © 2019, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

Nonlinear targeted energy transfer: state of the art and new perspectives

Abstract Following a brief review of current progress in the field of nonlinear targeted energy transfer (TET), we discuss some general ideas and methods in this field and describe certain possible future venues for further developments; these go beyond the current paradigm of implementing TET by means of nonlinear energy sinks. Four such emerging research fields are discussed, namely (i) the new and promising concept of intermodal targeted energy transfer, (ii) the implementation of TET in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials, (iii) the break of classical reciprocity in elastodynamics in the context of TET, and (iv) the role of TET on the bandwidth of general classes of nonlinear resonators. Our aim is to describe the main ideas, summarize recent developments, outline possible directions for future work, and possibly trigger further research in the discussed topics and also in other possible TET-related topics not discussed herein