Potential development of an optical sensor to determine the quality of heated palm cooking oil

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil yielded from the mesocarp of the palm oil’s fruit. It is commonly used as cooking oil as compared to other cooking oil such as olive or coconut oil because it is inexpensive and has high oxidative stability when used for frying. However, after frequent frying, the oil undergoes some physical and chemical reactions which affect the quality. This leads to the formation of compound that is dangerous to human body which is called free fatty acid (FFA). Therefore, a measurement device needs to be developed to determine the quality of heated cooking oil. In this paper, a spectroscopy study using an open-path method which focus on the palm cooking oil is proposed to examine the reaction of palm oil upon prolonged heating process. Open-path method is a technique where the incident beam will travel through the sample (palm oil) before it is detected by a spectrometer. The result shows that the FFA samples have the optimum absorbance peak at the UV wavelength 339.15 nm and each prolonged heated oil show different absorbance value. Hence, there is a potential to develop an optical sensor to determine the quality of the heated cooking oil

Development And Analyzation Of Linear Positioning Table For Drilling Machine

Drilling is a continuous machining process. Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. This forces the cutting edge against the work piece, cutting off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled. Various cutting tools are available for drilling, but the most common is the twist drill. Wide varieties of drill processes are available to serve different purposes such as drilling, reaming, boring, counter boring, counter sinking, spot facing, trepanning and under cutting. The objective of this project is to optimize and analyze the linear positioning table for drilling machine to make it more effective and perfect to function. Furthermore, the methods that can be used are by installing the screw on the based part of the linear positioning table for drilling machine. For this linear positioning table easy to use, the scale reading will be design on it so that operator will easily mark the desired measurement to be drill. A simple and safe design is proposed to optimize and analyze this project which is expected to function efficiently. In conclusion, this linear positioning table will be able to ease the operator work which the operator only needs to clamp once for the entire drilling process

Solar energy : dilemma and the way forward / Norhafizah Yusop ... [et al.]

Renewable energy plays important roles in supplying energy to the world since it able to reduce the demand of fossil fuels. Natural processes and minerals such as sunlight, wind, tide and geothermal heat describes renewable energy. Nowadays, the world is shifting to renewable energy sources due to several factors such as rising prices of oil and gas and scarcity. Theoretically, solar energy is the energy from the sun. Too expensive for mainstream market was the main factors that make solar technologies occupied on uncomfortable position. As time change, global warming and climate change began to emerge. Essentially, solar power can offer a greener, cheaper path to development.Furthermore, meeting rising energy demand with cost-effective new generation capacity is a critical challenge facing most developing countries. Review of literatures shows that it is a clear signal that something needs to be done about renewable energy to put the world on a better path to avoiding the impacts of climate change.Thus, Just in Time (JIT), one procurement mechanism and support schemes for clean energy such as solar energy seems to lead the charge. This research involved a literature search on the challenges of the solar energy and the way forward based on the frequency of the factors identified by past researchers. As a result, more effort is necessary to boost and further stimulate action towards a better understanding on the positive and negative effects of solar energy, which will result in greener, cheaper and better path of the current and future development

Experiencia de adictos en recuperación que se someten al programa de recuperación en adicciones de 7 pasos (7-SRA) como tratamiento posterior

The high number of drug addiction and relapse rate cases among Muslim clients in Malaysia has been always imposing apprehension upon Malaysians. This underpins the fact that there are rooms for more treatment options from different dimensions to be developed as the complementary action to the existing ones. Recognizing the etiological factor of addiction is also epitomized from individual spirituality, the 7-Steps Recovery in Addiction (7-SRA) was initiated based on Islamic teaching to further addressing this issue through the self-purification and repentance (tazkiyyat al-nafs). An in depth qualitative case study research was conducted to discover the experiences of 8 recovering clients as the participants in an aftercare center to discover their experience undergone the 7 Step in Recovery in Addiction Module. The data was triangulated by using in-depth interviews, observation notes and document analyses. The findings revealed that there were two emerging themes from informants’ shared experiences (pre and post intervention) which were spiritual and behavioral dimensions. 7-SRA was reported to be helpful approach for the participants in recovery process; thus 7-SRA is relevant to be employed as an evident-based practice (EBP) in drug addiction problem in particular as an aftercare treatment.El alto número de casos de drogadicción y tasa de recaída entre clientes musulmanes en Malasia siempre ha estado imponiendo aprensión a los malayos. Esto apuntala el hecho de que hay espacios para que se desarrollen más opciones de tratamiento de diferentes dimensiones como la acción complementaria a las existentes. Reconociendo que el factor etiológico de la adicción también se resume en la espiritualidad individual, la recuperación de los 7 pasos en la adicción (7-SRA) se inició con base en la enseñanza islámica para abordar este problema a través de la autopurificación y el arrepentimiento (tazkiyyat al-nafs). Se realizó una investigación de estudio de caso cualitativa en profundidad para descubrir las experiencias de 8 adictos en recuperación como participantes en un centro de atención posterior para descubrir su experiencia en el Módulo de 7 pasos en la recuperación en la adicción. Los datos se triangularon mediante entrevistas en profundidad, notas de observación y análisis de documentos. Los hallazgos revelaron que había dos temas emergentes de las experiencias compartidas de los informantes (antes y después de la intervención) que eran dimensiones espirituales y de comportamiento. Se informó que 7-SRA era un enfoque útil para los participantes en el proceso de recuperación; por lo tanto, 7-SRA es relevante para ser empleado como una práctica basada en la evidencia (EBP) en el problema de la drogadicción, en particular como un tratamiento posterior

Development Of Smart Vehicle Blind Spot Detection System Based On 24 GHz Radar Sensors

Road safety has become more concern due to the number of accidents that keeps increasing every year. The safety system includes from simple installation such as seat belt, air bag and rear camera to more complicated and intelligent system such as braking assist, lane change assist and blind spot monitoring. This paper proposed a Smart Vehicle Blind Spot Detection System (VBDS) to observe the blind spot region based on ISO 17387: 2008(E). This system is mounted with two programmable 24 GHz radar sensors on the left and right rear side of the car. In addition, this system provides an audible and visual alert to the driver if the system senses any vehicles in the blind spot region using buzzer and LED, respectively. To analyze the performance of the system, test had been conducted at different demography condition. The accuracy of the system is analyzed by comparing number of vehicles detected within blind spot region and ground truth data. This system will alert the driver automatically to ensure the driver safety and reduce road accident. As conclusion, the system had been proofed applicable to use at different demography condition

Vehicle Blind Spot Monitoring Phenomenon Using Ultrasonic Sensor

This paper evaluates a conceptualization of Vehicle Blind Spot Monitoring System (VBMS), which performs a more effective approach in eliminating blind spot of the driver. The newly developed smart blind spot monitoring system simply focusing on an advancement of the preceding work, along with compromising user compatibility and cost-effectiveness. Compact design, reliable and low-cost that contributes to a highly affordable safety feature are the flagship of this new system. Components selection is the main role in constructing an inexpensive blind spot detection system in the present work. Thus, Arduino UNO R3 model and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors were employed for the VBMS system due to reasonable market price. Plus, the ultrasonic sensor has demonstrated a remarkable performance in the past blind spot detection system application. Concerning easy installation as well as maintenance on any vehicle, the VBMS is designed as a compact device which assembles the main control unit and sensory partsin a single body to be located at the bottom of the side mirror. Meanwhile, the hazard-warning signal is separately located at the passenger compartment for easily visible by the driver. The angle and sensing range of sensors are both adjustable but vital as their projections define the blind spot limit accurately by characterizing low to a high potential hazard. At the end of this work, a complete VBMS functional prototype of has been establish which effective for real traffic on-road experimentation, with various conditions specified (static, various speed, and overtaken). From the data collected, all targets of the present work have been attained regarding monitoring phenomenon shown by the new-built system. Both pros and cons of VBMS are discussed for further improvement ideas on product developmen

The Impact Of Glare During Daylight on Driving Performance: An Experimental Setup

An Advanced Rear Visualization (ARV) based on camera technology is becoming more widely available in the automobile market as it increases the ability to see beyond the area of a mirror's image as well as helping to eliminate the driver’s blind spot. Besides, it assists the driver in parking, reversing, and maneuvering safely. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how people use them to do so effectively and efficiently. This paper describes an experimental setup to observe the driver’s behavior while reverse parking the car with and without the use of a camera as well as to observe the impact of glare during daylight on the driving performance. An area of 14 meters x 12 meters is designed as the Test Environment (TE) to fit in two parking spaces. Three cameras are used to monitor the participant’s head movements and eye movements. This research is designed to study and collect driver behavior data including the reaction time taken during parking concerning the driver with different age groups, camera usage during a sunny day, and also two different parking conditions which are parallel parking and perpendicular parking. This setup is expected to be implemented to forecast the camera usage among the drivers to help the driver park their car in the reverse direction to solve the limited blind spot issue. Collected data from this study will be used as the preliminary data for road test evaluation. It is to further study the impact of glare during daylight on driving performance

Adolescent to Adolescent Transformation Program- Nurturing, Enhancing and Promoting Adolescents’ Healthy Habit (ATAP-NEPAH): Curbing Social Problems Among Adolescents in Kelantan Through Peer-To-Peer Health Education

The objectives of ATAP-NEPAH are to enhance and nurture healthy habits among adolescents as well as to empower adolescents in inculcating these healthy habits among them. Health education through peer-to-peer approach is used to instill the knowledge on important areas such as sexual and reproductive health, smoking, substance abuse, illegal street racing (rempit) and mental health. Specific modules were developed by experts (lecturers) in multidisciplinary fields in collaboration with Malaysian Association for Adolescent Health (MAAH), National Population and Family Development Board (NPFDB), Reproductive Health Association of Kelantan (REHAK) and Rhaudatus Sakinah Kelantan. The trained Medical Students Facilitator Team (MSFT) of USM became trainers to secondary one school students. The selected school students were trained by the medical students to become peer educators to their juniors and peers. There was improvement in the readiness level of peer educators, knowledge and attitude towards healthy habits and risky behaviors of other school students after the intervention

Formulation of lubricating grease using Beeswax thickener

The issues on environmental pollution has brought the industries to seek the alternative green solutions for lubricating grease formulation. The significant challenges in producing modified grease are in which considering the chosen thickener as one of the environmental friendly material. The main purposes of the current research were to formulate lubricant grease using different types of base oils and to study the effect of thickener on the formulated lubricant grease. Used oil and motor oil were used as the base oils for the grease preparation. Beeswax and Damar were used as thickener and additive. The grease is tested based on its consistency, stability and oil bleeding. The prepared greases achieved grease consistency of grade 2 and 3 except for grease with unfiltered used oil. Grease formulated with used oil and synthetic oil tend to harden and loss its lubricating ability under high temperature compared to motor oil’ grease. Grease modification using environmental friendly thickener were successfully formulated but it is considered as a low temperature grease as the beeswax have low melting point of 62°C-65°C

Imaging particles in solid/air flows using an optical tomography system based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor area image sensors

Particle characterization has become important in the pharmaceutical, food, paint and chemical industries, among others. For example, particle size and shape can affect the taste, texture, and appearance of food. Particle characterization has become more significant for on-line production control because it influences product quality. Moreover, the images of particles generated from on-line measurements can better characterize the process itself. This paper discusses the development of an optical tomography system based on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) area image sensor, which is used for imaging particles in solid/air flows. The system consists of a lighting system, a measurement system and a data acquisition system. The CMOS area image sensor has a pixel size of 5.2 µm × 5.2 µm, which provides a resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels. A two-projection system is adopted to enable image reconstruction; in this system, two CMOS area image sensors are configured around a pipe, and a light source is placed on the opposite side of the pipe. When the light illuminates through the pipe, the shadows of any particles in the pipe will be cast onto the CMOS area image sensors. Four experiments on solid particles in air under different conditions are performed. The output of the CMOS area image sensor is processed to reconstruct the tomographic image. The results indicate that CMOS based optical tomography is capable of imaging particles in solid/air flow