Pengetahuan, Amalan Guru Dan Kesan Penggunaan Aktiviti Produksi Teater Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif Terhadap Pemikiran Kreatif Murid

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengetahuan guru dan amalan dalam melaksanakan aktiviti produksi teater terhadap proses PdP bagi mata pelajaran KMK. Selain itu, untuk mengkaji kesan pelaksanaan aktiviti produksi teater ini terhadap pemikiran kreatif murid. Seorang guru KMK dan 10 orang murid terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini. Mereka telah dipilih menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan. Kajian ini telah dilaksanakan di sebuah sekolah menengah di negeri Kedah. Reka bentuk penyelidikan kajian kes telah digunakan dalam kajian ini bagi menjawab tiga soalan kajian. Ketiga-tiga soalan kajian terdiri daripada (i)Sejauhmanakah penguasaan pengetahuan guru terhadap pelaksanaan aktiviti produksi teater dalam PdP KMK; (ii) sejauhmanakah amalan aktiviti produksi teater yang dilaksanakan dalam proses PdP KMK dan (iii) apakah kesan pelaksanaan aktiviti produksi teater terhadap pemikiran kreatif murid. Bagi menjawab soalan-soalan ini, kajian ini telah menggunakan dua teknik pengumpulan data iaitu temu bual separa berstruktur dan penganalisisan dokumen seperti penulisan jurnal murid, data-data ini kemudiannya dianalisis dengan menggunakan tematik kualitatif. Penggunaan analisis tematik kualitatif ini adalah bertujuan untuk menyaring kod dan membina tema yang relevan untuk menjawab soalan kajian

Cultural imperialism and popular culture: unveiling the influence of Salmah Ismail @ Saloma in the Federation of Malaya

Salmah Ismail @ Saloma has been greatly influenced by imperialism, which led her to achieve such a fame in Federation of Malaya and also in the neighbouring countries. The influence of imperialism on the development of her career as an artist seems to be unnoticed even by Saloma herself and previous studies on her only conclude that Saloma was merely a singer with a melodious voice, actress, fashion icon, and a wife to a renowned artist, P. Ramlee. Cultural imperialism in Malaya is deemed to have influenced Saloma until she sparks the birth of popular culture in the Federation of Malaya. Therefore, this research would scrutinise the extent to which cultural imperialism in the Federation of Malaya has influenced Saloma in shaping popular culture in the country from the colonialism era until the post-independence era in the Federated Malay States. The results of this research show that Saloma had certainly brought a dominant image of imperialism in Malaya through culture imperialism. Saloma has successfully introduced a popular culture in the Federation of Malaya through her sense of music, media and fashion, and lifestyle. The finding of this study contributes significantly to the history of our country in relation to how the contribution of artists, which in this context referring to Saloma, had given an impact on our country's civilization. The findings of the current study can be used as a guide to highlight the role and contribution of artists that is less recognized in the civilization and history of the country

Analisis pelaksanaan elemen kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Melayu di sekolah menengah Orang Asli

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) yang diamalkan oleh guru-guru Bahasa Melayu dalam pedagogi Bahasa Melayu dan mengukur elemen KBAT berdasarkan Skala Ketelusan Kognitif (Cognitive Research Trust- CoRT) di sekolah-sekolah Orang Asli (sekolah menengah) di Perak. Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan berdasarkan: Skala Ketelusan Kognitif (Cognitive Research Trust -CoRT) oleh Edward de Bono (1973) yang melibatkan enam jenis CoRT, iaitu CoRT 1 (Breadth -Keluasan persepsi), CoRT 2 (Organisastion -Organisasi berfikir), CoRT 3 (Interaction -Interaksi), CoRT 4 (Critical Thinking and Argument -Argumen berfikiran kritis dan kreatif), CoRT 5 (Information and Feeling -Maklumat dan Perasaan), dan CoRT 6 (Action -Tindakan). Seramai enam orang guru daripada tiga buah sekolah menengah Orang Asli di Perak terlibat dalam proses pencerapan PdPc dan temu bual. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melibatkan senarai semak PdPc, dan temu bual yang melibatkan soalan berstruktur dan tidak berstruktur. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Skala Ketelusan Kognitif dapat menjadi peranti efektif dalam mengukur elemen KBAT dalam pedagogi Bahasa Melayu. Guru-guru telah memilih teknik berfikir yang sesuai yang dapat diaplikasikan bagi mencungkil aspek berfikir dalam setiap perkara yang dinyatakan pada skala CoRT 1 hingga CoRT 6. Berdasarkan pengamalan CoRT dalam PdPc, kajian ini telah menentukan aras skor sebagai pengukur KBAT melalui titik hubungan antara strategi peranti dan teknik berfikir. Analisis juga menunjukkan kebanyakan guru yang terlibat menggunakan CoRT pada aras yang sederhana. Kajian ini menawarkan sumbangan mengukur KBAT menggunakan skala pengukuran yang lebih telus dan berpiawai. Penguasaan KBAT dapat diteliti dalam komunikasi guru dan diukur berlandaskan skala dan peranti berfikir yang relevan dan efektif

Investigation of Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) Application on a Naturally Aspirated Engine

Increasing oil prices and emission legislation have forced automotive company to investigate new methods and technologies to reduce the harmful effect produced from the motor vehicle, particularly CO2 (Carbon-Dioxide). A lot of studies and researches have been put into in order to achieve a zero emission vehicle with the usage of electricity rather than fossil fuel, but the challenge to cost and environmental effect makes an IC engine is still being the predominant power plant for automobile in this century. One of the popular techniques among engine manufacturers to have a better engine efficiency is cylinder deactivation. Cylinder deactivation is a promising method to reduce the fuel consumption and emission by forced the engine to operate at higher load. However, the higher combustion pressure and extreme temperature at firing cylinders will result in higher NOx composition. This paper will investigate further the engine performance, fuel economy and emission by using one-dimensional (1-D) simulation tool. A standard 1.6 litre naturally aspirated four in-line cylinders, port fuel injection engine is modelled and correlated to the measured test data. The model is then simulated with cylinder deactivation mode by deactivating the intake and exhaust valves at cylinders no 2 and no 3 as well as fuel injection at various engine speeds at part load conditions to show improvements in fuel consumption, CO2  emissions, pumping losses and effects on CO and NOx emission. This correlated model is then used to investigate the application of EGR in order to reduce the emission level. Also, the effects on in-cylinder combustion as well as pumping losses are presented. The study shows that the application of EGR is very significant for engine with CDA mechanism to ensure the overall engine fuel consumption and emissions are reduce simultaneously

Investigation of Cylinder Deactivation (CDA) Application on a Naturally Aspirated Engine

Increasing oil prices and emission legislation have forced automotive company to investigate new methods and technologies to reduce the harmful effect produced from the motor vehicle, particularly CO2 (Carbon-Dioxide). A lot of studies and researches have been put into in order to achieve a zero emission vehicle with the usage of electricity rather than fossil fuel, but the challenge to cost and environmental effect makes an IC engine is still being the predominant power plant for automobile in this century. One of the popular techniques among engine manufacturers to have a better engine efficiency is cylinder deactivation. Cylinder deactivation is a promising method to reduce the fuel consumption and emission by forced the engine to operate at higher load. However, the higher combustion pressure and extreme temperature at firing cylinders will result in higher NOx composition. This paper will investigate further the engine performance, fuel economy and emission by using one-dimensional (1-D) simulation tool. A standard 1.6 litre naturally aspirated four in-line cylinders, port fuel injection engine is modelled and correlated to the measured test data. The model is then simulated with cylinder deactivation mode by deactivating the intake and exhaust valves at cylinders no 2 and no 3 as well as fuel injection at various engine speeds at part load conditions to show improvements in fuel consumption, CO2  emissions, pumping losses and effects on CO and NOx emission. This correlated model is then used to investigate the application of EGR in order to reduce the emission level. Also, the effects on in-cylinder combustion as well as pumping losses are presented. The study shows that the application of EGR is very significant for engine with CDA mechanism to ensure the overall engine fuel consumption and emissions are reduce simultaneously

Treatment of palm oil mill effluent using electrocoagulation powered by direct photovoltaic solar system

High commercial electricity consumption is one of the disadvantages in the operation of lengthy electrocoagulation processes. To cater to this problem, this study develops an integrated photovoltaic-electrocoagulation system in treating oil palm mill effluent (POME). This system has successfully reduced 23,837 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 15,153 mg/L of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in 8 h. It was found that the higher solar radiation harvested by photovoltaics produces a higher current intensity, which in turn generates more in-situ coagulants into the wastewater. This relates to COD and BOD removal's significance from 150 to 390 min, where the current intensities are in the maximum range (between 153–181 mA). The first-order kinetic models of COD and BOD are in good correlation coefficient, which is 0.9873 and 0.9837, respectively. Overall, this study findings recommend the possibility of sustainable operation in the actual wastewater pond

The effect of 48V mild hybrid technology on fuel consumption of a passenger car by using simulation cycle

The ASEAN's legislation has become more regulatory towards electric vehicles for automotive manufacturers to ensure the environment is preserved better for future generations. The ASEAN roadmap 2025 requirement in optimizing a conventional vehicle's fuel consumption is implemented with hybrid technology in targeting the automotive industry worldwide to achieve energy-efficient vehicles. This research aims to develop a vehicle model via 1D simulation cycle and implement the 48V mild hybrid to lower vehicle fuel consumption considering perspective in drive cycles data. The vehicle model used in this research is a D-segment vehicle powered by a 1.8L TGDI engine. The base model will be created using a GT Suite software where data is compared and analyzed with actual vehicle measurement. There will be two models produced; with and without Belt-Alternator-Starter (BAS) system. They will be further investigated for their functions based on NEDC and RDC drive cycles for fuel consumption. However, implementing the add-on technology from this simulation improved overall vehicle fuel consumption by 7.7% in NEDC and 1.7% in RDC. The results obtained for the optimization of the vehicle have shown difference by the results of each engine characteristics such as engine fuel flow rate, speed, torque, the BAS functions, and state of charge. The research proposes its findings to understand the practical usage of 48V mild hybrid system in fuel reduction and provide reliable proof to use as a reference for initiative studies

CamTrapAsia: a dataset of tropical forest vertebrate communities from 239 camera trapping studies

Information on tropical Asian vertebrates has traditionally been sparse, particularly when it comes to cryptic species inhabiting the dense forests of the region. Vertebrate populations are declining globally due to land-use change and hunting, the latter frequently referred as “defaunation.” This is especially true in tropical Asia where there is extensive land-use change and high human densities. Robust monitoring requires that large volumes of vertebrate population data be made available for use by the scientific and applied communities. Camera traps have emerged as an effective, non-invasive, widespread, and common approach to surveying vertebrates in their natural habitats. However, camera-derived datasets remain scattered across a wide array of sources, including published scientific literature, gray literature, and unpublished works, making it challenging for researchers to harness the full potential of cameras for ecology, conservation, and management. In response, we collated and standardized observations from 239 camera trap studies conducted in tropical Asia. There were 278,260 independent records of 371 distinct species, comprising 232 mammals, 132 birds, and seven reptiles. The total trapping effort accumulated in this data paper consisted of 876,606 trap nights, distributed among Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal, and far eastern India. The relatively standardized deployment methods in the region provide a consistent, reliable, and rich count data set relative to other large-scale pressence-only data sets, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or citizen science repositories (e.g., iNaturalist), and is thus most similar to eBird. To facilitate the use of these data, we also provide mammalian species trait information and 13 environmental covariates calculated at three spatial scales around the camera survey centroids (within 10-, 20-, and 30-km buffers). We will update the dataset to include broader coverage of temperate Asia and add newer surveys and covariates as they become available. This dataset unlocks immense opportunities for single-species ecological or conservation studies as well as applied ecology, community ecology, and macroecology investigations. The data are fully available to the public for utilization and research. Please cite this data paper when utilizing the data

CamTrapAsia: A dataset of tropical forest vertebrate communities from 239 camera trapping studies

Information on tropical Asian vertebrates has traditionally been sparse, particularly when it comes to cryptic species inhabiting the dense forests of the region. Vertebrate populations are declining globally due to land‐use change and hunting, the latter frequently referred as “defaunation.” This is especially true in tropical Asia where there is extensive land‐use change and high human densities. Robust monitoring requires that large volumes of vertebrate population data be made available for use by the scientific and applied communities. Camera traps have emerged as an effective, non‐invasive, widespread, and common approach to surveying vertebrates in their natural habitats. However, camera‐derived datasets remain scattered across a wide array of sources, including published scientific literature, gray literature, and unpublished works, making it challenging for researchers to harness the full potential of cameras for ecology, conservation, and management. In response, we collated and standardized observations from 239 camera trap studies conducted in tropical Asia. There were 278,260 independent records of 371 distinct species, comprising 232 mammals, 132 birds, and seven reptiles. The total trapping effort accumulated in this data paper consisted of 876,606 trap nights, distributed among Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal, and far eastern India. The relatively standardized deployment methods in the region provide a consistent, reliable, and rich count data set relative to other large‐scale pressence‐only data sets, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or citizen science repositories (e.g., iNaturalist), and is thus most similar to eBird. To facilitate the use of these data, we also provide mammalian species trait information and 13 environmental covariates calculated at three spatial scales around the camera survey centroids (within 10‐, 20‐, and 30‐km buffers). We will update the dataset to include broader coverage of temperate Asia and add newer surveys and covariates as they become available. This dataset unlocks immense opportunities for single‐species ecological or conservation studies as well as applied ecology, community ecology, and macroecology investigations. The data are fully available to the public for utilization and research. Please cite this data paper when utilizing the data

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030