Humanization of Pesantren Education: The Abraham Maslow Perspective

This article aims to review teaching learning process base on Maslow hirarchy need at modern pesantren in indonesia at Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Al Amin, Prenduan, Sumenep.This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects were the teachers who had taught at the pesantren for over 10 years..From the research it is identified that such learning practice includes: 1) the provision of physical environment and learning books as basic needs of student (the students of pesantren), (2) advocacy, encouragement and role model, psychological environment that will give opportunity for student to ask, express their opinions, give inputs and criticism so as to satisfy the need of safety to student when learning, 3) collaborative learning, assistance to student experiencing problems in their learning as the expression of affection to student, 4) reward to student recording excellent achievement, reward to criticism and input uttered by student as recognition to their self-esteem, 5) active learning, talent and potential development as self-actualization expression of student.Tulisan ini betujuan mengkaji proses belajar mengajar berdasarkan hirarki kebutuhan menurut Maslow di Pondok Pesantren Modern Al Amin Prendean. Jenis penlitian ini adalah kualitatif dan pendekatan diskriptif. Obyek penelitian ini guru guru yang telah mengajar selalam lebih 10 tahun. Dari penelitian, teridentifikasi bahwa praktek pembelajaran di atas adalah sebagai berikut: 1) penyediaan lingkuangan fisik dan buku pelajaran sebagai kebutuhan pokok balajar bagi siswa, 2) pendampingan, motivasi dan teladan yang baik, lingkungan psikogis yang dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk bertanya, mengungkakan pendapat mereka, memberikan saran dan kritik adalah untuk memberikan kepuasan bagi kebutuhan akan rasa amana bagi siswa ketika mereka belajar, 3) pembelajaran kolaborarif, pemberian bantuan bagi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar sebagai ungkapan rasa kasih saya kepada siswa, 4) penghargaan kepada siswa berprestasi, penghargaan atas kritik dan masukan dari siswa merupakan akan harga diri mereka, 5) pembelajaran aktif dan pengembangan potensi merupakan ungkapan aktualisasi diri siswa

Key Money (Badl Al-Khulu): An Islamic Perspective

The key money (badl al-khulu) refers to the amount that one pays to the other whoforgoes his/her right to enjoy the usufruct of the real estate like house, shop and others.This paper intends to study the legal status of exchanging key money from the perspective of Islamic law. The study is qualitative in nature and an analytical method is employed to accomplish the study based on both classical and modern references of the topic. The study finds that the exchange of key money could be between the tenant and the landlord or between the current tenant and the subsequent tenant, or among all these three parties. If the exchange of key money is made during the lease period then it is permissible. However, if it is made after expiry of lease period then it is invalid because after termination of the right of tenant the landlord is more entitled to his/her possessions and he/she may do whatever wishes. Nevertheless, if the landlord consents to the exchange of key money, and the tenant makes a new lease agreement with him, then the exchange of key money is valid despite the expiry of the lease period

An appraisal of Majallat al-Ahkam al-Adliyyah: a legal code of Islamic civil transactions by the Ottoman

The Majallat al-Ahkam al-Adliyyah, known as the Mejelle, is a legal code of Islamic civil transactions drafted under the auspices of the Ottoman. This study intends to introduce the Mejelle and to evaluate the codification attempt made by the Mejelle. Employing analytical and critical methods the study finds out that in codification of Islamic civil transactions the attempt of the Mejelle is comparatively more successful and it explicitly distinguishes between the method of being reference for learning and reference for judiciary. The study demonstrates that generally the Mejelle consents to the preponderant views of Hanafi School, excluding few cases in which it conforms to minority Hanafi views considering public wellbeing and needs of the time. Nevertheless, the compilation process of the Mejelle complies with the principles of giving preponderance of the Hanafi School of Islamic law

Key money (badl al-khulu): an Islamic perspective

The key money (badl al-khulu) refers to the amount that one pays to the other who forgoes his/her right to enjoy the usufruct of the real estate like house, shop and others. This paper intends to study the legal status of exchanging key money from the perspective of Islamic law. The study is qualitative in nature and an analytical method is employed to accomplish the study based on both classical and modern references of the topic. The study finds that the exchange of key money could be between the tenant and the landlord or between the current tenant and the subsequent tenant, or among all these three parties. If the exchange of key money is made during the lease period then it is permissible. However, if it is made after expiry of lease period then it is invalid because after termination of the right of tenant the landlord is more entitled to his/her possessions and he/she may do whatever wishes. Nevertheless, if the landlord consents to the exchange of key money, and the tenant makes a new lease agreement with him, then the exchange of key money is valid despite the expiry of the lease period

Development of an exoskeleton robot for upper-limb rehabilitation

To assist or rehabilitate individuals with impaired upper-limb function, we have developed an upper-limb exoskeleton robot, the ETS-MARSE (motion assistive robotic-exoskeleton for superior extremity). The MARSE is comprised of a shoulder motion support part, an elbow and forearm motion support part, and a wrist motion support part. It is designed to be worn on the lateral side of the upper limb in order to provide naturalistic movements of the shoulder (i.e., vertical and horizontal flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation), elbow (i.e., flexion/extension), forearm (i.e., pronation/supination), and wrist joint (i.e., radial/ulnar deviation, and flexion/extension). This thesis focuses on the modeling, design (mechanical and electrical components), development, and control of the developed MARSE. The proposed MARSE was modeled based on the upper-limb biomechanics; it has a relatively low weight, an excellent power/weight ratio, can be easily fitted or removed, and is able to effectively compensate for gravity. Moreover, to avoid complex cable routing that could be found in many exoskeleton systems, a novel power transmission mechanism was introduced for assisting shoulder joint internal/external rotation and for forearm pronation/supination. The exoskeleton was designed for use by typical adults. However, provisions are included for link length adjustments to accommodate a wide range of users. The entire exoskeleton arm was fabricated primarily in aluminum except the high stress joint sections which were fabricated in mild steel to give the exoskeleton structure a relatively light weight. Brushless DC motors (incorporated with Harmonic Drives) were used to actuate the developed MARSE. The kinematic model of the MARSE was developed based on modified Denavit-Hartenberg notations. In dynamic modeling and control, robot parameters such as robot arm link lengths, upper-limb masses, and inertia, are estimated according to the upper limb properties of a typical adult. Though the exoskeleton was developed with the goal of providing different forms of rehab therapy (namely passive arm movements, active-assisted therapy, and resistive therapy), this research concentrated only on passive form of rehabilitation. Passive arm movements and exercises are usually performed slowly compared to the natural speed of arm movement. Therefore, to control the developed MARSE, a computationally inexpensive a PID controller and a PID-based compliance controller were primarily employed. Further, realizing the dynamic modeling of human arm movement which is nonlinear in nature, a nonlinear computed torque control (CTC) and a modified sliding mode exponential reaching law (mSMERL) techniques were employed to control the MARSE. Note that to improve transient tracking performance and to reduce chattering, this thesis proposed the mSMERL, a novel nonlinear control strategy that combined the concept of boundary layer technique and the exponential reaching law. The control architecture was implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in conjunction with a RT-PC. In experiments, typical rehabilitation exercises for single and multi joint movements (e.g., reaching) were performed. Experiments were carried out with healthy human subjects where trajectories (i.e., pre-programmed trajectories recommended by therapist/clinician) tracking the form of passive rehabilitation exercises were carried out. This thesis also focused on the development of a 7DoFs upper-limb prototype (lower scaled) ‘master exoskeleton arm’ (mExoArm). Furthermore, experiments were carried out with the mExoArm where subjects (robot users) operate the mExoArm (like a joystick) to maneuver the MARSE to provide passive rehabilitation. Experimental results show that the developed MARSE can effectively perform passive rehabilitation exercises for shoulder, elbow and wrist joint movements. Using mExoArm offers users some flexibility over pre-programmed trajectories selection approach, especially in choosing range of movement and speed of motion. Moreover, the mExoArm could potentially be used to tele-operate the MARSE in providing rehabilitation exercises

Reproduction biotechnology in buffaloes: optimization of synchronization protocol for target breeding

The achievement of early cyclicity after calving is of vital importance in maintaining a dairy industry. Post-partum anoestrous in buffalo is a major cause of long calving interval and infertility resulting in economic loss to buffalo breeders. For sustainable breeding program it is necessary to identify an oestrous synchronization treatment that is more reliable for successful pregnancy after artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of an Ovsynch protocol (GnRH + PGF 2α + GnRH) for oestrous synchronization and subsequent AI fertility in water buffaloes of two countries (Italy and Bangladesh). The aim of the first experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of an Ovsynch protocol with two GnRH analogues (Buserelin and Gonadorelin acetate) and at two times of administration (AM and PM) for synchronization of ovulation and fixed–timed AI using sexed frozen semen in Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows. Thirty-two Mediterranean postpartum buffaloes cows were used for this study. All animals were inseminated by AI with 2.5 million live (4million total) sex-sorted frozen thawed spermatozoa (X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa) within 18 to 21 hours after using of 2nd GnRH. Vaginal electrical impedance (VEI), vulvar and perivulvar temperatures were recorded at different stages of synchronization protocol to asses oestrous. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography after 42 days of AI. The pregnancy rate was 37.50 % when Buserelin was used for synchronization, whereas the pregnancy rate was 50% when hormones were administered at morning. Vaginal Electric Impedance decreased and vulvar temperature, recorded with thermocamera, increased during administration of second dose of GnRH, when buffaloes were supposed to be in oestrous. However, the first study served as a basis for further study on time and type of treatment with GnRH on synchronization of estrus and ovulation to improve pregnancy rate as well as reproductive quality in Mediterranean buffalo cows. 6 In second experiment, a total of 114 lactating Bangladeshi Indigenous buffalo cows were used to study the efficiency of Ovsynch protocol for oestrous and fertility after AI with frozen semen of Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. The effect of some factors such as follicles and corpus luteum numbers, postpartum period on the fertility of synchronized Bangladeshi water buffaloes was also studied. Buffaloes were selected from two different areas in Bangladesh and were divided into three groups. Buffaloes of each group were subdivided as AM and PM according to time of administration of hormones of synchronization protocols. Among three groups, higher pregnancy rate (78% in AM) was observed in buffaloes of Group-3 where Ovsynch protocol was combined with a third GnRH injection at the time of AI. Similar to first experiment, we observed higher pregnancy rate (74 %) in buffaloes received induction treatment and insemination at AM time than that of PM counterpart (63%). Regarding the post–partum days, pregnancy rate was higher (77%) in buffaloes received induction treatment at 90 to 180 days between calving to ovulation induction than that of more than 180 days (66%). We did not observe any significant difference in pregnancy rate in buffaloes with (59%) or without (57.1%) CL at the time of synchronization. In addition, this study did not show any significant in regards to follicles and CL numbers in both pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes. This study results that time of day should considered during administration of hormones for Ovsynch protocols. The findings of the study suggests that Ovsynch protocol can be successfully used for selective breeding program of Bangladeshi Water buffaloes and a third injection of GnRH during AI could help to improve pregnancy rate of water buffaloes when inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. The genetic improvement resulting from AI with frozen-thawed semen in synchronized buffaloes could bring a significant economic gain for farmers of dairy industr

Application of umra and ruqba in disbursement of family takaful benefit:An analysis from shariah perspective

The paper aims to analyse the validity of practicing umra and ruqba concepts in disbursement of family takaful benefit from the shariah perspective. In the current practice of takaful, the disbursement of family takaful benefit is subject to the demise of takaful certificate holder. Upon maturity of the certificate, if the certificate holder is alive, he will enjoy takaful benefit but not the beneficiary or hibah recipient. Accordingly, he takes back the donation that he made earlier, which makes the arrangement contentious, as long as the Islamic value is concerned. To resolve this issue, the paper suggested that the takaful benefit could be disbursed based on umra and ruqba concepts as they are subject to the survival of the contracting parties. Umra and ruqba are valid provided that once the donation is executed, the donated object should never be returned to the donor. These concepts are appropriate for takaful because the beneficiary can enjoy takaful benefit only when the certificate holder dies before the maturity of certificate. Once the certificate holder dies, takaful benefit cannot be provided to him. The paper argues that the application of umra and ruqba concepts minimises the consequential issues that arise when takaful benefit is disbursed by nomination or inheritance or absolute hibah. Analysing the opinions of the classical Islamic jurists, the paper concludes that the application of umra and ruqba in disbursement of takaful benefit could be done with a structured checklist form

Wasiyyah Wajibah in Islamic Estate Planning: An Analysis

Wasiyyah wajibah (binding will) is legislated by the law for unprivileged grandchildren due to death of their father during the lifetime of grandfather whereas other grandchildren, i.e. cousins, stay solvent. Contemporary Muslim scholars disagree on the obligatory status and category of inheritors of wasiyyah wajibah as well as confusion appears over its consumption among Muslim society. Hence, this study using an analytical method, aims to examine the legitimacy of wasiyyah wajibah and its parameters. The most important finding of this study is that wasiyyah wajibah is legitimate due to grandchildren’s sustenance and it is binding (wajibah) due to the authority of law as the judgment of ruler settles the dispute. Thus its legitimacy abides by the general principles of Islamic law. The study also concludes that the obligation of wasiyyah has been abrogated by the verse of inheritance only for the parents and relatives who inherit from the deceased’s legacy, not for the parents and relatives who are deprived from the deceased. Wasiyyah wajibah shall abide by the fundamentals of wasiyyah in Islamic law and the deceased’s volume of legacy will be the benchmark of the portion of grandchildren. Finally, wasiyyah wajibah signify the social justice and social solidarity of Islamic inheritance law (fara’id)

Quality of life of workers with disabilities in readymade garments factories in Bangladesh

Background: Bangladesh's readymade garment (RMG) sector has developed as a major employer for individuals with disabilities. The number of workers with disabilities in Bangladesh's RMG industry has grown over the past few years. In Bangladesh, there has no statistics about the quality of life of workers with disabilities after their employment, especially after training-based employment support. Therefore, the researcher is interested to find out the quality of life of workers with disabilities in readymade garments factories in Bangladesh that will determine satisfaction over their life in different aspects. The objectives of this paper were to find out the health-related quality of life and overall satisfaction with life among workers with disabilities in the readymade garment sector in Bangladesh. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 102 participants with disabilities from various Bangladeshi garment factories who ranged up to 18 years by convenient sampling. The WHOQOL questionnaires were used for data collection through a combination of telephone and in-person interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. Results: Among the total participants 63% of them were women and 37% were men. The results revealed that education and job status significantly impacted on QOL. The majority of participants did not need any assistive devices; most of the participants resided in semi-urban areas, and physical disabilities predominated among them. On the other hand, most of the participants reported their quality of life as neither poor nor good but they were satisfied with health-related QOL. Conclusions: QOL is a vast aspect of every human being. This study finally concluded the overall QOL of maximum Workers with Disabilities in Readymade Garments Factories in Bangladesh was just average and most of them were satisfied with their health-related QOL