Conjugates of B cells and platelet microparticles in the human peripheral blood

Background: Activated platelets shed microparticles (MPs) in vivo and certainly in vitro under storage. Like platelets, platelet-derived MPs contribute to hemostatic and inflammatory responses. We sought to determine the interactions between platelet MPs and peripheral B lymphocytes in the healthy blood circulation to propose a possible role for platelet MPs in the functioning of B cells. Materials and Methods: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established to determine the normal interactions between human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and platelet MPs. B cells were isolated and bound to the wells of microtiter plates using coated anti-CD19. Then the presence of attached MPs was surveyed. Also, platelet MPs were separated from human platelet concentrates and applied to confirm the new binding capacities of B cells for these microvesicles. Results: Platelet MPs were recognized in the wells of ELISA in which only B cells were isolated. So MPs were bound with peripheral blood B cells. Furthermore, using this method, the role of CD40/ CD40L interaction was displayed for the binding. Conclusion: It seemed that the binding of platelet MPs to B cells normally took place in vivo and a percent of B cells circulate in blood in connection with platelet MPs

شرایط و آثار صدور حکم ورشکستگی در قانون تجارت ایران، انگلستان و آمریکا با نگرشی به لایحه جدید قانون تجارت

Background and purpose: Bankruptcy in Iranian laws is imposed on a businessman who cannot pay his debts and cannot fulfill his obligations. Bankruptcy in three types of ordinary bankruptcy, bankruptcy due to fault and bankruptcy due to fraud, which need to be examined in Iran's commercial law.                                                                                                              Method: This research is of a theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library-based and by referring to documents, books and articles.                                                                                                                                    Ethical considerations: IN this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been respected.                                                                          Results: The bankrupt businessman is prohibited from interfering with all his property from the date of the judgment. In the United Kingdom, suspended companies are not bankrupted, and they apply a method equivalent to bankruptcy.                                                                      Conclusion: In America, bankruptcy is based on the legal systems of 53 different states. Due to its federal nature, it is one of the leading systems regarding conflict resolution rules. According to common law in England, suspended companies are not bankrupt, and the method equivalent to bankruptcy in their case is their liquidation and liquidation. Bankruptcy regulations in the common law of England, unlike Iran's laws, are not only for businessmen but also include non-businessmen and civil companies.  زمینه و هدف: ورشکسته در قوانین ایران به تاجری گفته می‌شود که توان پرداخت دیون خود را ندارد و نمی‌تواند به تعهدات خود عمل کند. ورشکستگی در سه نوع ورشکستگی عادی، ورشکستگی به تقصیر و ورشکستگی به تقلب تحقق می­یابد که نیازمند بررسی در قانون تجارت ایران است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی ابعاد حکم ورشکستگی در حقوق ایران با توجه به لایحه جدید قانون تجارت و همراه با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق انگلستان و آمریکا بود. روش: این تحقیق از نوع نظری است و روش تحقیق با استفاده از شیوه توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و بر مبنای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه‌ای و با مراجعه به اسناد، کتب و مقالات صورت گرفته است. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تحقیق حاضر، اصل امانتداری، صداقت، بی‌طرفی و اصالت اثر رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد تاجر ورشکسته از تاریخ صدور حکم از مداخله در تمام اموال خود ممنوع شده است. در کشور انگلستان شرکت‌های متوقف، ورشکسته نمی‌شوند و روش معادل ورشکستگی در مورد آن­ها اعمال می­شود. نتیجه‌گیری: در 53 ایالت آمریکا که به شکل فدرال اداره می‌شوند، قوانین ورشکستگی به دلیل استفاده از نظام حل تعارض متفاوت است که به علت فدرال‌بودن یکی از نظام‌های پیشرو در مورد قواعد حل تعارض در این زمینه به شمار می­رود. بر اساس حقوق کامن‌لا در کشور انگلستان شرکت‌های متوقف ورشکست نمی‌شوند و روش معادل ورشکستگی در مورد آن‌ها تصفیه و انحلال آن­ها است. مقررات ورشکستگی در حقوق کامن‌لای انگلستان برخلاف حقوق ایران تنها مخصوص تجار نبوده و افراد غیر تاجر و شرکت‌های مدنی را هم دربر می‌گیرد.

Prioritizing the quality of information center services in terms of Kano’s model and asymmetrical practice

The objective of the present study is prioritization of the quality of information service centers in terms of Kano’s model and asymmetrical performance impact. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. A number of students at Tehran University at different educational levels, as clients of the Central Library during the educational year 1394-1395, served as the participants of the study. According to the information center of the Tehran University library, the number of clients during the period under investigation was 137,042. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size equals 375. Applying a random stratified sampling, the researcher collected 376 completed questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed through applying statistical tests, transforming the Likert scale into Kano’s model and asymmetrical performance impact formula. The results, generally indicate that the “services effect” factor, associated with the performance services category with low performance; “information control” factor associated with the category of motivational services, with low performance; while the factor “space and location of the library”, associated with basic services in high performance. Therefore, the prioritization of the measures to promote the quality of the library services, with regard to the Libqual dimensions, would be: (1) To promote the performance level of the factor “service effects” from a low- performance to a higher- performance level. (2) To promote the performance level of the factor “information control” from a low level to a higher performance level as well. (3) To sustain the performance level of the factor “space and location of the library” as it is

Agricultural life cycle assessment (LCA) as a routine exercise in Iran: Opportunities and challenges

To direct sustainability in agricultural sector via Life Cycle Management (LCM), an easy access to high quality environmental, social and economical data is important. In this study, we explored the possibility of performing environmental life cycle assessment in Iranian dairy sector. Main life cycle stages were examined for availability and quality of needed data. At each stage, applicable databases are introduced. To spur life cycle studies, we need legislation to encourage all parties by incentives for more sustainable products. Next step may be to review & restructure already existed databases, articles and grey publications to extract suitable data for LCI stage. However, it is now possible to assess some impact categories in dairy industry

Chapter A Clinical Application of Fuzzy Logic

Applied optic

A report of 102 patients with leptospirosis in Mazandaran province between 2003 and 2008

(Received 15 August, 2009 ; Accepted 7 October, 2009)AbstractBackground and purpose: Leptospirosis is an infrequent zoometric bacterial disease which is caused by pathogenic bacteria called Leptospira. The risk factors of the disease include living in tropical and rural areas, contact with contaminated water, living near sewers and sanitation work. The disease may cause symptoms such as chills and fever, severe headache and myalgia. Costal region of Caspian Lake has desirable conditions for occurrence of this disease. The aim of this research is to study this disease in the North of Iran, by using and analyzing a 6-year set of recorded cases in Mazandaran province between 2003 and 2008, that provides more completed information.Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive, retrospective (case series) study. All of the recorded information concerning to patients with leptospirosis in Mazandaran Health centre from 2003 to 2008 were collected and checklist forms were completed, followed by data related to three characteristics including patients, living conditions and then the disease was analyzed.Results: Of the 102 patients, 76.5% were males, 46.6% were farmers and the mean age was 48.8 + 15.5. The prevalence of the disease was at the highest in 2007 and in summer seasons. The most common symptoms were fever (74.5%), myalgia (68.6%) and icter (47.1%). The greatest number of the cases was from Ghaemshahr city (37.3%), the majority of the cases (88.2%) had history of working farm. Over-all, 97.1% of the patients were cured.Conclusion: According to the findings, leptospirsis affects farmers in their working season in Mazandaran province. It is necessary to provide information to the medical practitioners, especially general practitioners and also, to develop diagnostic and therapeutic facilities in the province.Key words: J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2009; 19(72): 72-75 (Persian)

Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology *Corresponding author EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CONGO RED ADSORPTION BY TEA WASTE IN THE PRESENCE OF SILICA AND Fe 2 O 3 NANOPARTICLES

ABSTRACT In this work, the adsorption of the anionic dye, Congo red (CR), from aqueous solution by using tea waste (TW) has been carried out at 30 °C. The equilibrium sorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption was studied by the Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption. The experimental results manifested that the Langmuir isotherm was the best model for the adsorption of CR by TW and implied the monolayer adsorption of CR on TW with the adsorption capacity of 40.6 mg/g at 30 °C. The kinetic data resulted from batch experiments were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. It was found that pseudosecond-order model provided the best fit for the experimental data (R 2 >0.99). The results illustrated that both silica and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles increased the adsorption of CR on TW by about 5% and 10% at 30 °C, respectively. The results suggested that TW should be a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of CR from aqueous solution

Chapter A Clinical Application of Fuzzy Logic

Applied optic