A Study of Computers and Computer Programming

Computers have become a great aid to scientists and businessmen. Their speed and accuracy had enabled much progress in many fields. Although computers are capable of many tasks, they are dependent upon the programmer and can only do what they are told to do. Computers are based on logical organization and act according to organized data. There are many forms of input used by computers today. Some of the most common forms of input are by typewriter, punched cards, magnetic tape, punched paper taps, and console switches. The typewriter is usually used in accordance with other types of input media. It may be used to correct data which is being read into a computer or to insert needed variables in a standard program. Punched cards are the most common form of input data and will be discussed in detail later in this paper

A History of Mathematics Through the Time of Greek Geometry

The concept of numbers and the process of counting developed long before the time of recorded history. The manner of its development is not known for certain but is largely conjectural. It is presumed that man, even in most primitive times, had some number sense, at least to the extent of recognizing more or less when objects were added or taken away from a small group. As civilization progressed it became necessary for man to count. He needed to know the number of sheep he owned, the number of people in his tribe, etc. The most logical method was to allow some object to stand for each thing being counted. Since the fingers were so convenient, they were most often used as such a means. The plan of indicating numbers by the digits of one or both hands is so natural that it was almost universal among early races. The number five was generally represented by the open hand and it is said that in almost all languages the words five and hand are derived from the same root. It is possible that in early times man did not count beyond five and anything larger was represented by multiples of it. It is possible that the Roman symbol X, for ten, represents two V\u27 s. Most races, however, apparently used both hands and could count up to ten. Some tribes seem to have gone further and, by using their toes, could count up to twenty. Counts could also be made by making collections of pebbles or sticks, by making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying knots in a string

Mathematics and Logic

Mathematics is interested in the methods by which concepts are defined in terms of others and statements are inferred from others. It therefore uses a primarily deductive form of reasoning. It is almost impossible to distinguish where logic leaves off and mathematics begins. ... logic is the youth of mathematics and mathematics is the manhood of logic. Mathematics starts from certain premises and, by a strict process of deduction, arrives at the various theorems which constitute it. In order to understand the congruence of mathematics and deductive logic, one must understand the principles of each and the relation between them. The ancients called logic the instrument of science and considered it as a preparatory to all science

Situating Food Insecurity in a Historic Albuquerque Community: The Whorled Relationship between Food Insecurity and Place

This article examines conceptualizations of the relationship between food insecurity and place. We use an ethnographically inspired and community-engaged approach to situate our analysis of fluid dynamics at work in a community with high levels of food insecurity. We propose that the relationship between place and people’s experience of food insecurity is recursive, dialectical, and “whorled.” This relationship reflects complex, interconnected, and multidimensional processes with consequences for the health of residents. Our research demonstrates the key nature of the health-place nexus by exploring how food insecurity articulates with place in unexpected ways that go beyond discussions of food, food environments, food access, food practices or food systems that have become common in the literature

Updating Qualifications for the Career Guidance Profession in Scotland: Navigating the Maze

This paper describes work in progress to modernise the initial training arrangements for the career guidance profession in Scotland. In a process initiated by the University of the West of Scotland, the Quality Assurance Agency benchmark for the subject is under review. The outcomes of the process may have implications for the training of career advisers and guidance practitioners across the UK

Situating Giving Back for Native Americans Pursuing Careers in STEM: “You Don’t Just Take, You Give Something Back”

This article explores how a desire to give back influences Native Americans pursuing education and careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). We present analysis of data from 51 interviews with Native students and STEM professionals. Despite the compelling evidence of the core significance of a community orientation among Native Americans, insufficient attention has been given to thinking about the unique challenges faced by STEM professionals in devising ways to give back and how this relates to the continuing problem of under-representation of Native Americans in STEM. Here we propose strategies for universities and industry to honor Native ways of being by recognizing and embracing giving back as a value, and supporting STEM students and STEM professionals to overcome challenges to be able to give back to their communities. These strategies for situating giving back will promote expanded participation for Native Americans in STEM. This work provides insight for thinking about other under-represented populations in STEM

From community data to research archive: Partnering to increase and sustain capacity within a native organization

Community engagement and participation in academic research is growing in popularity and acceptance. Communities are now routinely engaged and participate in academic research design, implementation and interpretation, but the capacity of communities to conduct their own research is not always a product of these engagement initiatives. This article describes a collaboration between an organisation that supports Native American participation in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and university researchers to expand the organisation’s capacity to conduct research by creating a searchable database from their organisational records. We discuss how strategic design of a research collaboration can result in infrastructure development that contributes to community capacity

Autonomous Satellite Recovery Vehicle

In collaboration with ERFSEDS, we would like to send a small satellite attached to a quad-copter as the payload for ERFSEDS rocket which will reach an altitude of 10,000 feet. The quad-copters objective will be to collect atmospheric data as it descends. Our plan is to 3-D print a new chassis for the quad-copters electronic components and arms that will allow the quad-copter to fold its arms inwards to meet the required space constraints. After launching the rocket, the satellite will be deployed at the target altitude and begin collecting data once jettisoned from the rocket. Once reaching 2,000 feet the quad-copter will be programmed to deploy a parachute. After reaching a safe velocity the arms will extend and autonomously navigate to a prearranged location. Flight planning will be done using the preexisting flight planning application. In addition to the critical components of the quad-copter, our design will integrate a number of other data collecting sub-systems currently being used in a weather balloon designed by the Society 4 S.P.A.C.E. team. These sensors will be able to collect pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, and video. This project will give us a better understanding of rocket propulsion systems and the effect of launch on the payload. It will also allow us to gain valuable research, data retrieval, team development and multi-club collaboration experience

Developing Global Maps of the Dominant Anopheles Vectors of Human Malaria

Simon Hay and colleagues describe how the Malaria Atlas Project has collated anopheline occurrence data to map the geographic distributions of the dominant mosquito vectors of human malaria