$240 for Illinois Avenue, please:Economic inequality increases preference for personal control appeals

Economic inequality is rising globally, yet its impact on consumer behavior remains poorly understood. In five studies, we show that economic inequality increases the preference for personal control appeals—advertising appeals encouraging consumers to reclaim their sense of agency and control. This effect emerged when economic inequality was objectively measured or experimentally manipulated. We also identify the mechanism underlying this effect by showing that higher economic inequality triggers a sense of financial threat, which reduces consumers’ sense of control. These aversive psychological states subsequently increase the preference for personal control appeals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a momentary boost in the sense of control or a stronger dispositional belief in economic mobility effectively mitigates psychological threats of higher economic inequality, thereby attenuating the preference for personal control appeals. Overall, our findings offer a more nuanced understanding of the motivational effects of economic inequality in shaping consumer behavior

$240 for Illinois Avenue, please:Economic inequality increases preference for personal control appeals

Economic inequality is rising globally, yet its impact on consumer behavior remains poorly understood. In five studies, we show that economic inequality increases the preference for personal control appeals—advertising appeals encouraging consumers to reclaim their sense of agency and control. This effect emerged when economic inequality was objectively measured or experimentally manipulated. We also identify the mechanism underlying this effect by showing that higher economic inequality triggers a sense of financial threat, which reduces consumers’ sense of control. These aversive psychological states subsequently increase the preference for personal control appeals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a momentary boost in the sense of control or a stronger dispositional belief in economic mobility effectively mitigates psychological threats of higher economic inequality, thereby attenuating the preference for personal control appeals. Overall, our findings offer a more nuanced understanding of the motivational effects of economic inequality in shaping consumer behavior

$240 for Illinois Avenue, please:Economic inequality increases preference for personal control appeals

Economic inequality is rising globally, yet its impact on consumer behavior remains poorly understood. In five studies, we show that economic inequality increases the preference for personal control appeals—advertising appeals encouraging consumers to reclaim their sense of agency and control. This effect emerged when economic inequality was objectively measured or experimentally manipulated. We also identify the mechanism underlying this effect by showing that higher economic inequality triggers a sense of financial threat, which reduces consumers’ sense of control. These aversive psychological states subsequently increase the preference for personal control appeals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a momentary boost in the sense of control or a stronger dispositional belief in economic mobility effectively mitigates psychological threats of higher economic inequality, thereby attenuating the preference for personal control appeals. Overall, our findings offer a more nuanced understanding of the motivational effects of economic inequality in shaping consumer behavior

$240 for Illinois Avenue, please:Economic inequality increases preference for personal control appeals

Economic inequality is rising globally, yet its impact on consumer behavior remains poorly understood. In five studies, we show that economic inequality increases the preference for personal control appeals—advertising appeals encouraging consumers to reclaim their sense of agency and control. This effect emerged when economic inequality was objectively measured or experimentally manipulated. We also identify the mechanism underlying this effect by showing that higher economic inequality triggers a sense of financial threat, which reduces consumers’ sense of control. These aversive psychological states subsequently increase the preference for personal control appeals. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a momentary boost in the sense of control or a stronger dispositional belief in economic mobility effectively mitigates psychological threats of higher economic inequality, thereby attenuating the preference for personal control appeals. Overall, our findings offer a more nuanced understanding of the motivational effects of economic inequality in shaping consumer behavior

A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.</p

A roadmap for unbundling the corporation

Growth of the many organizations is still limited mostly due to the fact that they are an amalgamation of three core yet conflicting business processes: infrastructure management business, product innovation business and customer relationship business. Leading companies have focused on their core capabilities and leveraging their growth by participating in networks of specialist companies. Unbundling the corporation, introduced by Hagel and Singer (1999), explains why the traditional corporations are not able to achieve the desired level of growth by doing every aspects of value chain themselves. However, rapid technological improvements in internet and networking have reduced the interaction costs which have made it possible for managers to focus on their organizational core capability and unbundle the rest to the specialized partners. Unbundling the corporation should be considered as a growth strategy. To be applied by practitioners, developing a roadmap for unbundling is essential. Considering the increasing trends in outsourcing specifically in the time of economic turmoil signify the necessity and importance of such a roadmap. In this research, we propose a roadmap for unbundling the corporation. Our roadmap has been derived from extensive case studies in order to increase its generalisability. The roadmap consists of two frameworks. The first framework assists practitioners to map their organizational capabilities and decided in which they should invest. Finally, the second framework indicates the relationship between core capabilities and network capabilities of an unbundled organization. Together the two frameworks help managers to devise their strategic approach toward unbundling and growth.Validerat; 20101217 (root

Women seek more variety in rewards when closer to ovulation

We propose that women's increased generalized sensitivity to rewards during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle causes them to seek more variety in rewards when they are in the fertile phase than when they are not in the fertile phase of the cycle. In Studies 1–3, across the reward domains of mating and hedonic food, we show that women seek more variety in rewards when closer to ovulation. Moreover, we provide support for the proposition that women's increased reward sensitivity during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle causes their greater variety seeking. Specifically, in Study 3, we show that fertile women's greater variety seeking does not extend to non-rewards, such as non-hedonic food. Our findings suggest that behavioral effects of women's hormonal shifts during the menstrual cycle are not limited to the mating domain and may extend to a wide category of reward domains

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

A wealth of research has shown that lack of financial resources increases preference for smaller-sooner payoffs over larger-later payoffs, a tendency known as delay discounting or present bias. Delay discounting is elemental in capturing and describing a wide range of suboptimal economic behaviors among the financially deprived, ranging from less saving, to more gambling and consumption of unhealthy food. Importantly, the increased tendency to devalue larger-later benefits and payoffs can perpetuate the dire state of people who are financially deprived, making it more difficult to escape the poverty over time. It is therefore imperative, from both theoretical and practical perspectives, to identify psychological interventions that can decrease delay discounting among the financially deprived. In this project, we examine whether and how self-affirmation, inviting people to cultivate a self-view that is worthy and capable, might decrease delay discounting among the financially deprived. This is a pre-registered project, where, prior to conducting our experiment, we have specified our hypotheses, experimental design, sample size determination, data collection method, measures and manipulations, as well as intended plan for data analyses and data exclusion criteria. Details of these information can be found in our pre-registration form by clicking on the "Registrations" tab, above

Self-Affirmation Reduces Delay Discounting of the Financially Deprived

Financial deprivation is associated with excessive discounting of delayed rewards. In the present research, we argue that this counterproductive tendency may be driven, at least in part, by the aversive and self-threatening nature of experiencing financial deprivation. Accordingly, we propose that self-affirmation—an intervention known to buffer negative consequences of psychological threats—may reduce delay discounting of the financially deprived. Results of two high-powered, preregistered experiments support this proposition. Specifically, in Study 1 (n = 546), we show that among participants with relatively lower income, self-affirmation effectively reduces delay discounting. In Study 2 (n = 432), we manipulate the feeling of financial deprivation and demonstrate that self-affirmation reduces delay discounting among those who feel financially deprived. We also examine the underlying process of this effect and find that self-affirmation bolsters a sense of personal control among those who feel financially deprived, which in turn reduces their delay discounting (Study 2). Overall, our findings suggest that the relationship between financial deprivation and delay discounting is malleable and psychological interventions that attenuate self-threats and bolster a sense of personal control can be applied to reduce myopic tendencies of the poor

Women seek more variety in rewards when closer to ovulation

We propose that women’s increased generalized sensitivity to rewards during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle causes them to seek more variety in rewards when they are in the fertile phase than when they are not in the fertile phase of the cycle. In Studies 1–3, across the reward domains of mating and hedonic food, we show that women seek more variety in rewards when closer to ovulation. Moreover, we provide support for the proposition that women’s increased reward sensitivity during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle causes their greater variety seeking. Specifically, in Study 3, we show that fertile women’s greater variety seeking does not extend to non-rewards, such as non-hedonic food (vs. hedonic food). Our findings suggest that behavioral effects of women’s hormonal shifts during the menstrual cycle are not limited to the mating domain and may extend to a wide category of reward domains.nrpages: 21status: publishe