La contribution des jeunes à l’alternance politique au Sénégal : Le rôle de Bul faale et de Y’en a marre

Ce document est une contribution à l’étude du rôle des jeunes dans les processus de démocratisation en Afrique. Plus spécifiquement, il se borne à analyser l’influence de Bul Faale et de Y’en a marre dans les deux alternances politiques survenues au Sénégal en 2000 et 2012. Ces deux mouvements, issus du hip-hop, ont été au premier plan dans les mobilisations qui ont permis ces changements de majorité au pouvoir. Cela contraste avec la situation de marginalisation politique et économique dans laquelle se trouvent les jeunes.Mots-clés: Sénégal, jeunes, alternance politique, Bul faale, Y’en a marreAbstractThis paper is a contribution to the research on the role of youth in the democratization process in Africa. More precisely, its analysis is confined to the influence of Bul Faale and Y’en a marre in political changes that occurred in Senegal, both in 2000 and in 2012. Always originating from hip-hop, these two movements have been at the forefront of mobilizations that sparked changes in the ruling majority. Interestingly, this contrasts with the situation of political and economic marginalization the youth continues to struggle with.Keywords: Senegal, Youth, Political Change, Bul faale, Y’en a marr

Editorial V.13 N.30

Editorial V.13 N.3

COMBINED USE OF VIDEO LARYNGOSCOPY AND FIBEROPTIC FOR AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN A PATIENT WITH FIXED CERVICAL SPINE

Airway management may be difficult in patients with fixed cervical spine who have undergone previous spine surgery. Among the various techniques, fiber-optic intubation is a preferred method for securing the airway in such situation. However, it has some limitations also like identification of landmarks, especially in a case of distorted anatomy of the airway. To overcome this inadequacy, we used video laryngoscopy as a complement, to guide the tip of bronchoscope beneath the epiglottis into the trachea and thus achieving the goal. We present a case of difficult airway of fixed cervical spine with distorted anatomy in which combined use of fiberoptic and video laryngoscopy was performed to secure the airway. In our opinion, this technique can be utilized for other difficult airway case scenario also

The Effect of Soya and Genistein Supplementation on Serum Lipid Profile of Male Dawley Sprague Rat

Background: Non-medical therapy is needed to reduce blood lipid levels and prevent atherosclerosis. Foods that contain Isoflavones can improve lipid profiles in the blood.Aim: To determine the effect of soya and genistein supplementation in various doses on total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-8 weeks were divided into 7 groups, control group; low, medium, and high doses of soy milk; and low, moderate, and high doses of genistein. The treatment was given orally for 60 days. The control used was mice with standard feed. On the 61st day, blood and hepatic tissue samples were taken and checked for lipid profiles using the Friedewald formula. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's posthoc test and Dunnet test, then regression analysis.Results: There was a significant increase in total cholesterol levels (p <0.05) and  LDL levels in low and moderate doses of soy milk group compared to all groups of genistein. There was no significant differences in HDL levels in soya and genistein groups. There was significant increase in Triglyceride levels in all groups of soy milk and low and moderate doses of Genistein compared to high doses of genistein.Conclusion:  Soya and genistein supplementation had increased effect on the Total Cholesterol, LDL and Triglycerides but no effect on HDL in all groups

Impact of US China Trade War over Indian Economy

This research paper seeks to evaluate the spillover benefits and threats of the US-China trade war on India. The hypotheses that, can India take trade advantage and substitute US goods in China and vice versa is tested by data from various scholarly articles and carefully aligned with the present and probable policies prevailing in India. This paper gives insight on the multidimensional trade practices that India indulges in. It considers the factors like the exchange rate of Rupee and its military conditions too in order to have a holistic approach on the scenario. This research paper brings out that the fate of Indian economy is closely related to how individual domestic traders react to the economic pulses and the confidence of investors in substituting India as their investments" safe haven. Thus the paper revolves around the question “To what extent will the US-China Trade war benefit Indian economy?”

自然独占産業における公的規制の国際比較 : 電力産業の事例を中心として

本稿は,「規制改革」の流れにあって,従来の規制方式に代わるインセンティブ規制がいかなる成果を挙げているか検討しようとするものである。そのさい,自然独占の典型的な特性を有するといわれる電力産業をとりあげ,インセンティブ規制の代表的な方式であるプライス・キャップ規制とヤードスティック競争政策が各国でどのように採用されているか紹介し,これらの適用例の比較検討を行っている。本稿では,各規制方式の実際の産業への適用について,各産業の適用例を比較することで,その成果あるいは限界が判明した。ゆえに,自然独占産業におけるインセンティブ規制は,各国,各産業の特性などを考慮した柔軟で実行可能な規制方式に変えていく必要があり,また,各規制方式のさらなる吟味と現実適用の形への転換を検討することが必要であると思われる

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Correlation between Risk Stratification of Complications and Types of Antihyperglycemia Drugs with Incidence of Acute Diabetic Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus during Ramadan Fasting

Ramadan fasting for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients can lead to acute complications such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and thrombosis. Risk stratification predicts fasting safety of DM patients. Dose and timing of antihyperglycemia drugs adjusted during Ramadan fasting. Aim: To know the correlation between the risk stratification of Ramadan fasting and type of antihyperglycemia drugs with the incidence of acute complications in DM patients undergoing Ramadan fasting. Methods: DM patients in Endocrinology Clinic, dr. Saiful Anwar, General Hospital Malang who intend to fast during Ramadan classified in IDF-DAR risk stratification, conduct blood glucose monitoring and filled out a daily logbook during fasting. Results: Thirty-seven subjects were included in the study, only 1 patient with type-1 DM. Average fasting time is 18 days. Acute complications found higher in very high-risk group (5/6) compared to mild/moderate (2/13) and high-risk group (7/18) (p=0.009). Acute complications found higher in group with OAD and insulin combination regiment (2/4) compared to OAD (9/24) or insulin group (3/9) (p= 0. 731). One subject in very high-risk group suffered from acute coronary syndrome. Relationship between risk stratification and the incidence of hypoglycemia (p=0.040) and hyperglycemia (p=0.031) was significant. Relative risk in the very high-risk group was 2.538 compared to mild/moderate risk RR (95% CI)= 0.77 (0.62-0.96). Conclusions: There is a correlations between risk stratification and acute complications in DM patients undergoing Ramadan fasting. No relationship between type of antihyperglycemia drugs with acute complications of Ramadan fasting