Influence of approach shape of debris flow on impact load subjected to open Sabo dam under an overturning experiment of open Sabo dam

Recently high intensity rainfall disaster induces some structural failure of steel pipe open Sabo dam. To prevent such failure of the dam, a new design concept is necessary at the severe load exceeding the present design load. However, influence of debris flow impact load on steel pipe open Sabo dam is not clear to make a design load. The study experimentally approaches a vertical load distribution shape and its time history based on comparison with a wedge approach shape or a front boulder concentrated shape. The load and moment action of a front boulder concentrated shape debris flow is greater than that of a wedge approach shape. Mechanism making the difference is made clear by observation of vertical detail measurement of impact load

Initial Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)

The present study was undertaken to assess the cardiopulmonary response during the initial period of exercise at a low workload in 8 patients with COPD and 10 normal subjects. In the patients with COPD VO2/VE and VCO2/VE were significantly lower than in the normal controls, and more markedly so during the initial period of exercise. SaO2 and Sv O2 decreased dramatically in the initial period of exercise in the COPD compared with the normal subjects. In contrast to the normal subjects, pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) increased substantially during the initial period of exercise in the patients with COPD. These findings imply that blood gas changes on exercise can be explained by the differences in the relative increase of VO2, VCO2, VE and cardiac output. Our study also suggests that the measurement of VO2/VE, VCO2/VE and SvO2 and PAMP on exercise at a low workload, especially during the initial period, may be useful for evaluating the cardiopulmonary response to COPD patients

CORONARY ARTERY MORPHPLOGY AND REACTIVITY TO ACUTE HYPOXIA IN CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASE

In patients with chronic pulmonary disase (CPD), myocardial infarction is rare. To elucidate why this is so, we investigated the morphological changes and the reactivity of the coronary artery to acute hypoxia in patients with CPD. Sixty patients with CPD and 28 normal subjects were studied. Measurements of pulmonary homodynamics and coronary angiography were undertaken before and after inhalation of 13%O2 for 15 minutes. The size of the coronary arteries was measured using a densitometric method, and a coronary narrowing score was calculated according to the WHO criteria. The size of the left anterior descending artery of patients with low %VC and hypoxia was larger than that of the normal subjects. In patients with CPD, the coronary narrowing score was low and the atherosclerotic change was minimal. The reactivity of the coronary arteries to acute hypoxia was reduced in patients with CPD when compared with normal subjects

The effects of inhaling hydrogen gas on macrophage polarization, fibrosis, and lung function in mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury

Background : Acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is caused by acute lung injury, is a destructive respiratory disorder caused by a systemic inflammatory response. Persistent inflammation results in irreversible alveolar fibrosis. Because hydrogen gas possesses anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized that daily repeated inhalation of hydrogen gas could suppress persistent lung inflammation by inducing functional changes in macrophages, and consequently inhibit lung fibrosis during late-phase lung injury. Methods : To test this hypothesis, lung injury was induced in mice by intratracheal administration of bleomycin (1.0 mg/kg). Mice were exposed to control gas (air) or hydrogen (3.2% in air) for 6 h every day for 7 or 21 days. Respiratory physiology, tissue pathology, markers of inflammation, and macrophage phenotypes were examined. Results : Mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury that received daily hydrogen therapy for 21 days (BH group) exhibited higher static compliance (0.056 mL/cmH(2)O, 95% CI 0.047-0.064) than mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury exposed only to air (BA group; 0.042 mL/cmH(2)O, 95% CI 0.031-0.053, p = 0.02) and lower static elastance (BH 18.8 cmH(2)O/mL, [95% CI 15.4-22.2] vs. BA 26.7 cmH(2)O/mL [95% CI 19.6-33.8], p = 0.02). When the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined 7 days after bleomycin administration, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the BH group than in the BA group. There were significantly fewer M2-biased macrophages in the alveolar interstitium of the BH group than in the BA group (3.1% [95% CI 1.6-4.5%] vs. 1.1% [95% CI 0.3-1.8%], p = 0.008). Conclusions The results suggest that hydrogen inhalation inhibits the deterioration of respiratory physiological function and alveolar fibrosis in this model of lung injury

Analysis of HCV genotypes from blood donors shows three new HCV type 6 subgroups exist in Myanmar.

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in Myanmar in comparison with the rest of Southeast Asia is not well known. Serum samples were obtained from 201 HCV antibody-positive volunteer blood donors in and around the Myanmar city of Yangon. Of these, the antibody titers of 101 samples were checked by serial dilution using HCV antibody PA test II and Terasaki microplate as a low-cost method. To compare antibody titers by this method and RNA identification, we also checked HCV-RNA using the Amplicor 2.0 test. Most high-titer groups were positive for HCV-RNA. Of the 201 samples, 110 were successfully polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified. Among them, 35 (31.8%) were of genotype 1, 52 (47.3%) were of genotype 3, and 23 (20.9%) were of type 6 variants, and phylogenetic analysis of these type 6 variants revealed that 3 new type 6 subgroups exist in Myanmar. We named the subgroups M6-1, M6-2, and M6-3. M6-1 and M6-2 were relatively close to types 8 and 9, respectively. M6-3, though only found in one sample, was a brand-new subgroup. These subtypes were not seen in Vietnam, where type 6 group variants are widely spread. These findings may be useful for analyzing how and when these subgroups were formed

長崎国際大学スポーツ系部活動・サークルに所属する学生の現状とニーズの研究

長崎国際大学では、強化指定部12団体・運動部8団体、体育系サークル11団体と多様かつ多数の学生が所属している。本研究では、大学部活動の競技力向上のための基礎調査として、学生のニーズについて調査を行い、スポーツ系学生が大学に求めるトレーニングや講習などのサポートについて検討した。活動状況について、強化指定部は活動日数や休日の活動時間が他に比べ多く、特に強化指定部においては平日のうち週4日以上部活動を行っている者が9割以上であることが示された。また、ニーズ調査の結果、レベルアップのために身体的トレーニング（16.3％）やコンディショニング（12.4％）に取り組みたいこと、身体的トレーニング（12.4％）や心理的トレーニング（10.4％）、コンディションニングなどの講習や情報を求める回答が多かった。大学に望むこととして、活動頻度の低い体育系サークルに比べ、非常に多くの時間を部活動に費やしている強化指定部や運動部から多くの意見が得られ、学生のニーズに対する具体的支援を検討する必要性が示された

大学における野外実習の効果について -高等教育における身体教育あるいはﾌｨｯﾄﾈｽ教育の基礎として-

今回､我々は身体教育ﾌﾟﾛｸﾞﾗﾑのひとつとしてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ実習を実施し､その教育効果等を検討した｡以下にその結果を要約すると､(1)ﾌｨｼﾞｶﾙﾌｨｯﾄﾈｽとしての体重が有意に増加した(t(23)=3.86, p<.01)｡(2)気分･感情の状態を評価する POMS においてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ終了後の緊張(t(23)=2.96, p<.01)､混乱(t(23)=1.81,p<.10)がｷｬﾝﾌﾟ前と比較して有意に低下した｡(3)不安の存在を評価する STAI においてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ終了後の状態不安(t(23)=3.30, p<.01)並びに特性不安(t(23)=2.70, p<.05)がともにｷｬﾝﾌﾟ前と比較して有意に低下した｡(4)包括的な心の状態を評価する MF においてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ終了後の｢積極性｣(t(23)=2.83, p<.01)が有意に､｢人間性の豊かさ｣(t(23)=1.85, p<.10)が有意傾向で増加し､｢否定的な感情と情緒的安定性のなさ｣がｷｬﾝﾌﾟ前と比較して有意に低下した(t(20)=2.83, p<.05)｡(5)ｺﾐｭﾆｹｰｼｮﾝ能力の評価である人間関係ﾁｪｯｸﾘｽﾄ得点がｷｬﾝﾌﾟ終了後においてｷｬﾝﾌﾟ前と比較して有意に上昇した(t(22)=5.31, p<.01)｡以上のことから､多種のｱｸﾃｨﾋﾞﾃｨﾌﾟﾛｸﾞﾗﾑを含むｷｬﾝﾌﾟ実習への参加が気分を改善し､学生のｺﾐｭﾆｹｰｼｮﾝ能力を向上させることが示唆された｡In this study, we examined the educational effects of an outdoor camp as one of the physical education programs. The effects can be summarized as follows:1)Physical fitness score for‘weight\u27increased significantly(t(23)=3.86, p<.01). 2)POMS scores for‘tension-anxiety\u27 and‘confusion\u27decreased significantly (tension-anxiety(t(23)=2.96, p<.01), confusion(t(23)=1.81, p<.10)). 3)STAI-JYZ scores for‘state anxiety\u27and‘trait anxiety\u27decreased significantly(state anxiety(t(23)=3.30, p<.01), trait anxiety(t(23)=2.70, p<.05)). 4)Mental fitness score for‘negative feelings and an unsettled state of mind\u27decreased significantly(t(20)=2.83,p<.10). The scores for‘positiveness\u27and the‘richness of human nature\u27increased significantly(p.s.(t(23)=2.83, p<.01), r.h.(t(23)=1.85, p<.10)). 5)Human relationship score for‘communicative competence\u27increased significantly(t(22)=5.31, p<.01). The results of this study suggest that participation in an outdoor camp including a variety of activity programs improves the feelings of students and their communicative competence

コウトウ キョウイク キカン ニ オケル e ラーニング オ カツヨウ シタ キョウイク カツドウ ノ タメ ノ コウカテキ ナ シエン ソシキ タイセイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

現在，高等教育には「教育（活動）の多様化」に対応するために「教育改善（見直し）」を行うことが求められているが，その一つの方法として，ｅラーニングを活用した効果的な教育活動の実施に期待が寄せられている。本研究では，ｅラーニングを活用した教育活動を実現するために必要な支援組織体制モデルを提案し，実践場面での検証と事例分析をとおして，その効果・有用性を検討した。その成果として，教育活動におけるｅラーニングの効果的な活用のモデル化を目指した