Evaluation of the effect of carbamazepine on gonadal development in female rats

چکیده: ‏ زمینه و هدف: کاربامازپین یکی از داروهای موثر در درمان صرع می باشد و استفاده از آن همراه با اثرات تراتوژنیک است. ‏هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر کاربامازپین بر تکوین غدد جنسی موش صحرایی ماده ‏می باشد.‏ روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی60 سر موش صحرایی باردار به 2 دسته تقسیم شدند که هر دسته شامل گروه های ‏کنترل، شم، دوزهای ‏‎ mg/kg‏10، 15 و 30 داروی کاربامازپین بودند. تمامی تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی در روزهای ‏‏18-14 بارداری (تکوین جنینی غدد جنسی)، و در روزهای 10-0 پس از تولد (تکوین پس از تولد غدد جنسی) انجام شد. ‏به زاده های هردو گروه اجازه داده شد تا به سن 7 هفته برسند. سپس تخمدان راست آنها خارج و مورد رنگ آمیزی بافتی ‏هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین قرارگرفتند . داده ها با استفاده از آنالیز آماری یک و دوطرفه ‏ANOVA‏ و آزمون تعقیبی‎ ‎Tukeyتجزیه و تحلیل شدند. ‏ یافته ها: نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که استفاده از کاربامازپین سبب افزایش تعداد اووسیت های اولیه و کاهش تعداد ‏اووسیت های ثانویه، فولیکول گراف و جسم زرد می گردد. در مقایسه بین گروه های تکوین جنینی و پس از تولد، مشاهده ‏می شود که تعداد اوسیت های اولیه فقط در دوز‎ mg/kg‏ 30 تکوین جنینی افزایش معنی داری در سطح (‏

A novel method for recovery of acidic sludge of used-motor oil reprocessing industries to bitumen using bentonite and SBS

ABSTRACT Acidic sludge is a by-product from used motor oil reprocessing industries, which thousand tons of this sludge are disposed into the environment as a hazardous waste material daily. The acidic sludge contains unsaturated compounds that are polar and asphaltene. The bitumen under certain conditions is produced from mixing of bentonite, polymer styrene – butadiene – styrene (SBS), and acidic sludge. Context and purpose: The objective of this study was the recovery of acidic sludge to bitumen using additives such as bentonite and SBS. Also, the effect of additives with different weight percentages (wt%(on the performance parameters of bitumen was evaluated. At first, spilled oil was separated from the acidic sludge by a centrifugal concentrator. Then, concentrated acidic sludge and additives were mixed in together. Finally, the performance tests were carried out to compare the quality of acidic sludge with the obtained products.The results indicated that performance parameters such as softening point (SP), weight loss, penetration degree, PI, Frass breaking point, and temperature susceptibility (TS) were promoted from 37°C, 1.3%, 230 dmm, -0.07854, -5°C and 0.0451 to 54°C, 1%, 130 dmm, 2.7094, -11°C , 0.02721, respectively. According to the paired sample t-test analysis, a significant difference was found between the bentonite dosage and the improved performance parameters from concentrated acidic sludge and obtained products (pvalue ≤.001). The bentonite and SBS with 2 and 4 wt%, respectively were determined as the suitable additives in the recovery of acidic sludge to bitumen

Feasibility study of recycling and converting acidic sludge to bitumen in used motor oil refining industries

Background and Aims: Thousand tons of acidic sludge is produced daily as by-product in the used motor oil refining industries. The acidic sludge contains unsaturated compounds which are non-polar and asphaltene. The objective of this study was performance improvement of acidic sludge by using the additives (bentonite, polymer SBS, sodium hydroxide and the lime) so that recovery to bitumen.Materials and Methods: The polymer styrene - butadiene - styrene (SBS) is bitumen modifier as one of the elastomer - thermoplastic with weight percentages (2 to 4 percent), bentonite due to the chemical structure as fillers, stabilizers and agent concentration with weight percentages (1,2,4,6,8,10) and lime and sodium hydroxide were used to decreasing acidity rate of acidic sludge and promoting the role of bentonite stability in bitumen with ratios equal (1 to 5 g) were mixed with acidic sludge of industry (samples 50 g) and their effect on the acidic sludge was investigated.Results: Evaluation of studies indicated that because of increasing acidic sludge softening point, temperature from 25 to 48 oC , decrease weight loss from 3% to 1.25, promoting the penetration degree to 230 mm, Frass breaking point to -7 and penetration index (PI) to the degree standard set (+1), the acidic sludge properties and performance were modified. The measurement of last three parameters was unavailable in primary sludge.Conclusion: Environmental and health hazards of acidic sludge will be decreases by treatment and neutralization. Also obtained products can be used in the building and road construction according to its specific bitumen criteria and characteristics.Key words: Recovery - Acidic sludge - Used motor oi

Anxiety in patients under electrophysiological interventions and related factors

زمینه و هدف: مداخلات الکتروفیزیولوژیک یکی از جدیدترین روش‌های تشخیص و درمان دیس‌ریتمی‌ها هستند که می‌توانند همانند دیگر روش‌های تهاجمی موجب اضطراب بیماران گردند. اضطراب از این جهت حائز اهمیت است که می تواند باعث کاهش اثربخشی مداخله گردد؛ لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان اضطراب بیماران تحت مداخلات تشخیصی و درمانی الکتروفیزیولوژیک و شناسایی عوامل فردی و بالینی مرتبط با آن صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی که به صورت مقطعی انجام شد، 72 نفر از بیماران در انتظار مداخلات تشخیصی و درمانی الکتروفیزیولوژیک بستری در بیمارستان دکتر حشمت شهر رشت به روش تدریجی از اردیبهشت تا مرداد ماه سال 1392 انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. داده های پژوهش با استفاده از ابزاری 2 بخشی شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات فردی– بالینی و ابزار اضطراب و افسردگی بیمارستانی (فقط بخش اضطراب این ابزار) به روش مصاحبه و مشاهده یافته های ثبت شده در پرونده در محدوده زمانی 5-3 ساعت قبل از مداخله الکتروفیزیولوژی گردآوری شدند. یافته ها: بین میانگین نمره اضطراب نمونه ها با جنسیت ارتباط معناداری وجود داشت و میانگین اضطراب در زنان به طور معناداری بیش از مردان بود (001/0≥P). همبستگی معکوس معناداری نیز بین میانگین نمره اضطراب نمونه ها با سن آنان (03/0>P و 255/0-=r) به دست آمد؛ بدین ترتیب که نمرات اضطراب نمونه ها با افزایش سن آنان کاهش می یافت. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه پرستاران باید کنترل اضطراب را در بیماران زن و در سنین جوان تر با دقت بیشتری مورد توجه قرار دهند تا بتوان با کنترل اضطراب این افراد، به اثر بخشی بیشتر مداخلات الکتروفیزیولوژیک دست یافت

Evaluation of total-LDH / heat resistant- LDH ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable pectoral angina

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: اندازه گیری آنزیم های سرم به صورت معیار متداولی جهت تشخیص بیماران مشکوک به انفارکتوس میوکارد در آمده که از میان آنها می توان به لاکتات دهیدروژناز (LDH) و ایزوآنزیم های آن اشاره کرد. هدف این مطالعه مقایسه نسبت LDH تام به LDH مقاوم به حرارت، در بیماران مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد (MI) و آنژین صدری ناپایدار (UA) بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی 110 بیمار با MI و 11 بیمار با UA، بستری در بخش CCU بیمارستان اکباتان همدان مورد مطامعه قرار گرفتند. تشخیص بیماری فرد بر اساس علایم بالینی، نوار قلب (ECG) و تغییرات آنزیمی بود. میزان LDH تام و LDH مقاوم به حرارت سرم 24 تا 48 ساعت بعد از بستری بر اساس مقدار مصرف نیکوتین آمید آدنین دینوکلئوتید فسفات (NADH) و تبدیل آن به نیکوتین آمید آدنین دینوکلئوتید (NAD) اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t و من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل گردیدند. یافته ها: نسبت LDH تام به LDH مقاوم به حرارت در بیماران مبتلا به MI 18/0±27/1 و در بیماران مبتلا به UA 39/1±51/2 بود (001/0

The Effects of Occupational Stress on Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Hospital Nurses in Iran

Nurses deal with many crises at work. It is obvious that being exposed to stress for long, results in severe physical and mental complications and affects individual is welfare. This study was aimed at determining the quality of life (QOL) of nurses and whether there is any relation between occupational stress and QOL. This analytical-descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in University hospitals of Zanjan, Iran. 241 nurses were sampled using proportional to size stratified method. The data were collected by means of Iranian version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and a questionnaire on demographic information and work factors. Occupational stress was measured by Toft Gray and Anderson’s tool. The questionnaires were filled by nurses themselves and the data were analyzed by Spearman’s Correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA and Enter-method Regression with SPSS 16.0 software. The results showed a high level of occupational stress among nurses, which adversely affected their quality of life. According to the results QOL of male and female nurses differ with men having a higher QOL and less occupational stress. 2 work factors, satisfaction and others positive attitude towards nursing, affected all dimensions of QOL and occupational stress. There was no significant correlation between QOL or occupational stress and factors like position, shift, ward, experience, time off, overtime hours, interest in desertion and education. According to harmful effects of occupational stress on nurses, cognitive-behavioral interventions, learning coping strategies are proposed

Hypnosis as an Alternative to General Anesthesia for Orthopedic Hand Surgery: A Case Report

The effectiveness of psychological techniques such as patient education, cognitive and behavioral interventions, relaxation techniques, hypnosis, therapeutic suggestion interventions, and emotion-focused interventions has been assessed through the outcomes of postoperative pain, perioperative anxiety, quality of life, and recovery in adults. In this case presentation, we introduce using of hypnosis as an approach to pain control in hand surgery

Influence of pollution loading and flow rate on catalytic BTEX removal with a combined Cu2O, Fe0/Zeolite bed

ABSTRACT Environmental impacts and health concerns of BTEX compounds have been pointed in many studies. The agencies responsible for health and environment have delivered standard and guideline for BTEX concentrations. Because of the extensive use in industries and the presence of these compounds in fossil fuels, their emission resources are very divers. Today's, Control of air pollution caused by these compounds is one of the air qualities controlling challenges. "Thermal catalyzed" process is one of the technologies to control this kind of air pollution and consistent with using nanoparticles as a catalyst, this process is further considered now. So, we conducted this study to survey elimination of the BTEX, form polluted air flow, by this process. In this study, removal of the BTEX from polluted air by a thermal catalyzed process in the presence of zero-valent iron and copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated and the effect of changes in pollution load and flow rate was surveyed on removal efficiency and the decomposition of the pollutants. Fe0 and Cu2O nanoparticles were coated on a bed of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) with a zeolite grains size of 1-2 mm. The thermal catalyst process was conducted at 350°C and different pollution loading and air flow rate. 96.18% and 78.42% of removal efficiency achieved with the retention times of 14.1s and 7.05s. Increasing the pollution load reduced removal efficiency and pollutants' mineralization. By doubling the pollution load, the removal efficiency declined as much as 14.5 %. According to the results, increasing of the flow rate has a greater effect than the pollution load on the complete decomposition. Also this process showed a good efficiency for BTEX removal under high pollution loading and flow rates

An evaluation study of Virtual Master of Public Health in family Medicine in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Background & Objective: Master of public health (MPH) Course is designed for Increasing competency in family physicians employed in Iran's health system. The Contents of this course is based on society needs for increasing managing and public health. This study was designed to evaluate the virtual education in MPH Course in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This research was a qualitative and quantitative study. The evaluation was according Kirkpatrick's Model. The study was done on 25 family physicians in Shiraz University of medical Sciences. We used questionnaire which included goal attainment, learning assessment, compact disc (CD) quality and Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire. Data was gathered and then analyzed with SPSS software. Also, an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was designed in education development center for third level evaluation according to Kirkpatrick's Model. For qualitative evaluation, we did a semi structured interview with teachers. Open questionnaires also were designed for students and data were extracted. Results: 15 physicians full filled the questionnaires and 12 of them participated the OSCE. The most interested and practical lessons were about geriatrics diseases out patient management and epidemiology basics. The least interested lessons were about health promotion, case management and managed health cares. In OSCE, the best scores were for obstetrics – gynecology and the least scores for pediatrics lessons. Conclusion: According to participants' viewpoints, the disadvantages of the course were low quality compact discs, future employment participants, compact course and assessment methods. The best advantages of this course were efficient learning and increasing knowledges of the students. Keywords General physician Master of public health Family medicine Evaluation Virtual educatio