International trade and wage discrimination : evidence from East Asia

This study explores the impact of competition from international trade on wage discrimination by sex in two highly open economies. If discrimination is costly, as posited in neoclassical theory based on Becker (1959), then increased industry competitiveness from international trade reduces the incentive for employers to discriminate against women. Alternatively, increased international trade may contribute to employment segregation and reduced bargaining power for women to achieve wage gains. The approach centers on comparing the impact of international trade on wage discrimination in concentrated and nonconcentrated sectors. The effect of international trade competition is expected to be more pronounced in concentrated sectors, where employers can use excess profits in the absence of trade to cover the costs of discrimination. Wage discrimination is proxied by the portion of the wage gap that cannot be explained by observable skill differences between men and women. The empirical model is estimated using a rich panel data set of residual wage gaps, trade ratios, and alternative measures of domestic concentration for Taiwan (China) and the Republic of Korea during the 1980s and 1990s. Results indicate that in contrast to the implications of neoclassical theory, competition from foreign trade in concentrated industries is positively associated with wage discrimination. These results imply that concerted efforts to enforce equal pay legislation and apply effective equal opportunity legislation are crucial for ensuring that women's pay gains will match those of men in a competitive environment.Economic Theory&Research,Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Water and Industry,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT

Inclusive Growth and Gender Inequality in Asia's Labor Markets

This study examines gender inequality in labor markets in Asia and the Pacific, with a focus on the structural drivers of women's labor force participation. Demographic survey data indicate that in Asia's lower-income countries, economic necessity is an important push factor behind women's employment. Also, being married and having young children both reduce the likelihood that a woman is employed. In a separate analysis for Taipei,China, this disincentive effect from young children on women's employment has increased over time. These results point to the importance of policies that support women's roles as caregivers while they are employed in market-based activities

Surface acoustic wave modulation of single photon emission from GaN/InGaN nanowire quantum dots

On-chip quantum information processing requires controllable quantum light sources that can be operated on-demand at high-speeds and with the possibility of in-situ control of the photon emission wavelength and its optical polarization properties. Here, we report on the dynamic control of the optical emission from core-shell GaN/InGaN nanowire (NW) heterostructures using radio frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The SAWs are excited on the surface of a piezoelectric lithium niobate crystal equipped with a SAW delay line onto which the NWs were mechanically transferred. Luminescent quantum dot (QD)-like exciton localization centers induced by compositional fluctuations within the InGaN nanoshell were identified using stroboscopic micro-photoluminescence (micro-PL) spectroscopy. They exhibit narrow and almost fully linearly polarized emission lines in the micro-PL spectra and a pronounced anti-bunching signature of single photon emission in the photon correlation experiments. When the nanowire is perturbed by the propagating SAW, the embedded QD is periodically strained and its excitonic transitions are modulated by the acousto-mechanical coupling, giving rise to a spectral fine-tuning within a ~1.5 meV bandwidth at the acoustic frequency of ~330 MHz. This outcome can be further combined with spectral detection filtering for temporal control of the emitted photons. The effect of the SAW piezoelectric field on the QD charge population and on the optical polarization degree is also observed. The advantage of the acousto-optoelectric over other control schemes is that it allows in-situ manipulation of the optical emission properties over a wide frequency range (up to GHz frequencies).Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.0791

Nieuwere opvattingen over Gods almacht en zijn onmacht

New viewpoints about the omnipotence of God and his impotence In the Bible there are no statements or definitions of the power of the Almighty God (apart from those in the book of Job). This however, does not relieve the theologian of either the necessity or the responsibility of ordering and systematising the scriptural statements about the power, or lack of power, of God. The role of the Bible in elucidating God to his children would be seriously hampered if the many instances of communication between God Almighty and man were to be overlooked, as these hold the key to our understanding of the true being of the God of the scriptures

Hét structureel aansluiten op keteninformatie in de agrosector = The structural connecting to chain information in agrisector

LNV werkt al jaren aan structureel aansluiten op keteninformatie. In dit rapport beschrijven de auteurs hoe deze aanpak plaatsvond en hoe in het vervolg de overheid meer regisserend kan zij

Ervaren impact van kwijtschelding en afboeking van bijstandsschulden: geringe impact op de financiële situatie, werk en mentale gezondheid

Hervorming Sociale Regelgevin

Dynamic behaviour of AA 2024 under blast loading : experiments and simulations

The dynamic behaviour of AA2024-T3 is investigated. Dynamic tensile tests using a servo-hydraulic and a light weight shock testing machine (LSM) have been performed. The servo-hydraulic test machine proves to be more reliable and reaches higher strain rates. Neither test revealed any strain rate effect of AA2024-T3. Two types of fracture tests were carried out to determine the dynamic crack propagation behaviour of this alloy, using prestressed plates and pressurized barrels, both with the help of explosives. The prestressed plates proved to be not suitable, whereas the barrel tests were quite reliable, allowing to measure the crack speeds. Computer simulations with a user defined, rate dependent cohesive zone model were in agreement with experiments, capturing the rate toughening effect