Epistemology of record and the organization of knowledge in the context of health: the case of the patient?s record

[Resumo] Apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objeto de estudo é a epistemologia do registro do paciente, privilegiando os aspectos da organização do conhecimento registrado nesses documentos, com apoio nos elementos linguísticos. Partiu-se desta indagação: que aspectos da linguística textual podem contribuir para a construção de mapas conceituais de representação indexal de prontuários do paciente, visando a uma recuperação de informação com qualidade? O objetivo é mapear os sintagmas, a fim de elaborar um mapa conceitual referente às informações contidas nos prontuários. Identificaram-se cerca de 1000 sintagmas e construiu-se um mapa conceptual no software CmapTools, conforme os elementos da lingüística textual: coesão e coerência. No primeiro caso, foram mapeados os sintagmas concernentes à referência endofórica (anáfora, substituição, elisão conjunção, coesão lexical). Relativamente à coerência identificou-se o domínio lingüístico, pragmático e extralingüístico. Concluiu-se que a lingüística textual tem grande contribuição no tratamento informacional dos registros do paciente, pois oferece ?pistas? para a recuperação de informação com maior qualidade nos Serviços de Arquivos Médicos e Estatísticos (SAMEs).[Abstract] In this paper, we present the results of an investigation in which the object of study is the epistemology of treatment and the patient?s record, containing aspects of the organization of recorded knowledge in these documents, supporting us in the linguistic elements. We attempted to answer the following question: What aspects of linguistic text that can contribute to the index representation of a patient's records in order to recover quality information? The goal is to map the phrases in order to build a conceptual map for the information contained in the records. It was identified more than 1000 phrases and it was built a concept map in the software CmapTools, according to the elements of textual linguistics, cohesion and coherence. In the first case, we mapped the phrases pertaining to endophoric references (anaphora, substitution, elision, conjunction, lexical cohesion). In relation to coherence it was identified the linguistic, pragmatic, and extra-linguistic domain. We conclude that the textual linguistics has great contribution in the informational treatment of patient records, therefore, offers "tracks" for information retrieval with more quality in the Medical Records and Statistics Services

Ontologias como ferramenta de organização e representação do conhecimento: um olhar sobre os laudos médico-legais

A organização e representação do conhecimento é uma atividade nuclear da área de Ciência da Informação, visto a função de mediação entre o processo de produção, organização até o acesso à informação. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a ontologia, que traz em sua semântica o estudo das coisas, objetos e seres do mundo. Aborda-se o domínio da Medicina Legal, especificamente o laudo médicolegal, que é um relato técnico-científico acerca de um fato litigioso, duvidoso, efetuado por especialistas. Destacam-se os laudos cadavéricos, sexológicos, traumatológicos e odonto-legais. Objetiva-se apresentar a ontologia como uma ferramenta capaz de contribuir para atender às necessidades informacionais dos usuários da Coordenadoria de Medicina Legal, tendo em vista a organização, o acesso e a recuperação das informações. Utilizou-se a methontology para a modelagem da ontologia no software Protégé, e aplicaram-se questionário e análise documental. Constatou-se que existe uma percepção por parte dos usuários da pertinência do tratamento informacional, já que a prática viabilizaria os fluxos e processos, proporcionando maior agilidade na entrega das respostas, bem como a ontomédico legal possibilita a descrição formal e explícita do domínio e da documentação produzida por essa área, viabilizando os fluxos e processos

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data