Simulación de la separación de la 3 metil-piridina en una columna de destilación Batch utilizando Aspen

La destilación sigue siendo el proceso de separación más utilizado para la separación de los componentes de una mezcla, cuando los componentes presentan diferencia en sus puntos de ebullición. Durante el proceso, una fase líquida se pone en contacto con una fase vapor, produciéndose una transferencia de masa entre ambas fases, con el efecto, de que en el destilado se concentran los componentes más volátiles, en este caso la Piridina, mientras que en el residuo los menos volátiles, la 3-metilpiridina. En el presente trabajo muestran resultados de las condiciones de operación que permitieron separar la mezcla piridina-3 metilpiridina y obtener una pureza mayor al 98% de la 3-metilpiridina en una columna de destilación batch.Distillation is the separation process most used for the separation of the components of a mixture, when the components present difference in their boiling points. During the process, a liquid phase is brought into contact with a vapor phase, producing a mass transfer between both phases, with the effect that the most volatile component is concentrated in the distillate, in this case the pyridine, while in the waste is the les volatile, 3-methylpyridine. In the present work examine the operation conditions that allow to separate the pyridine-3 methylpyridine mixture and obtain a purity higher than 98% of the 3-methylpyridine in a batch distillation column

Motivación hacia las matemáticas de estudiantes de bachillerato de modalidad mixta y presencial

El objetivo de la presente investigación es comparar estadísticamente cinco aspectos de la motivación hacia las matemáticas entre estudiantes de bachillerato de dos modalidades: mixta y presencial. Siguiendo una metodología cuantitativa, se eligió una muestra de 186 estudiantes inscritos en dos bachilleratos públicos del norte de México. A través de la aplicación del cuestionario de motivación para las matemáticas se determinaron los niveles de interés, importancia, utilidad, coste de estudiantes que estudiaban la materia de Matemáticas I y expectativas de autoeficacia. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado de bachillerato presencial presenta un nivel estadísticamente mayor en su interés, percepción y expectativas de autoeficacia hacia el estudio de la matemática. Por otra parte, el alumnado de bachillerato mixto presenta mayores puntajes en el criterio relacionado con el coste de estudiar matemáticas

Modelado espacial bayesiano de la enfermedad de Chagas en la Huasteca Potosina

RESUMEN Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es una infección sistémica, causada por el protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi. Está documentado como la influencia de factores ambientales favorecen la presencia de la infección. Objetivo. Comprender los patrones de distribución espacial de riesgo y los factores ambientales y socioeconómicos que favorecen la propagación de la enfermedad de Chagas. Material y métodos. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión espacial bayesiano a datos de la incidencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en la Huasteca Potosina en el periodo de 2003–2012. Resultados. Se observó un patrón claro de distribución espacial en la incidencia de la enfermedad en la Huasteca Potosina, misma que se vio significativamente correlacionada en el modelo de regresión multivariante final con la temperatura mínima, los porcentajes de viviendas con piso de tierra, de viviendas sin agua entubada, de población de tres años y más que habla lengua indígena y no habla español, de población mayor a 15 años analfabeta, derechohabiente a servicios de salud, de viviendas con algún nivel de hacinamiento y de viviendas habitadas que cuentan con servicios. Conclusiones. El análisis pone de manifiesto que es la población indígena la más afectada, ya que este grupo es el que más carece de acceso a servicios (salud, educación, vivienda), por lo tanto, favorece la presencia del vector causante de la enfermedad. En la Huasteca Potosina, esta población habita en zonas de difícil acceso, lo que dificulta la implementación de programas adecuados de control del vector y la infección

Comparison of early complications using regular mesh versus Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh in inguinal, umbilical and post incisional hernias

Background: Hernias are one of the most common reasons of primary health care with subsequent surgery and this has led to search new techniques to approach them. Comparing traditional techniques with polypropylene mesh versus one bioabsorbible mesh there has been a decrease in postoperative complications.Methods: 100 patients with inguinal hernia, umbilical and post incisional were surgically intervened and divided into two groups according to mesh material used. The patients were tracked for two months after surgery.Results: Traditional mesh was used to repair hernias in 50 patients and Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh was used in the other half.  Two patients developed infection with traditional mesh and one patient using Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh (p 0.558). Hernias recurred in 4 patients with traditional mesh compared with 0 patients with Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh ( p.041 ) , seroma formation was found with a 6: 1 ratio, traditional mesh: Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh ( p.050 ) and hematoma in a 2:1 ratio (p .558). The total of complications showed a total of 14 using traditional mesh and 3 with Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh. The use of mesh made from absorbable materials is a better alternative to reduce chronic pain and recurrence due to its high biocompatibility.Conclusions: Using Atramat® Neoflex 25 mesh demonstrated a significant reduction of complications (recurrence and seroma formation) and length of hospital stay (2 days vs 1 day in abdominoplasty after surgery).   

MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, currently representing the most common gastrointestinal cancer with 13% of all malignant tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target genes. Since their discovery, they have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer, since they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. A literature review was performed in different databases such as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, nature, Wolters Kluwer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library. Studies were included from 2003 to 2018. Colorectal cancer presents genetic heterogeneity, because it can develop in different ways, the pathway through which cancer occurs depends on the gene initially altered. The aberrant expression of microRNAs is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression. Three existing steps in the maturation of the microRNAs have been identified: 1) transcription of the pri-miRNA, 2) cleavage in the nucleus to form the pre-miRNA and 3) a final excision in the cytoplasm to form the mature microRNA. It has been discovered that miRNAs have an impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, maintenance of stem cell potency and metabolism, all important factors in the etiology of cancer. The data analyzed in this article highlights the importance of the study of microRNAs in colorectal cancer, however, for the carcinogenic process, progression, therapeutic management and prognosis, more multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed with a detailed analysis

Current perspective in the treatment of bile duct injuries

The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for the treatment of benign gallbladder disease, which is associated with an increased incidence of biliary injuries. These types of injuries are multicausal, and anatomical variations or anatomical perception errors are the most common risk factors. The objective of this study is to describe the evolution in the management of bile duct injuries and actual, diagnostic tools, incidence, prognosis and treatment. A literature research about diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injuries as well as their impact on the incidence of morbidity and mortality, based on a 30-year period, was performed on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, MedScape and PubMed database, for all studies that met the eligibility criteria. A thorough quality assessment of all included studies was performed. Synthesis of the results was achieved by narrative review. The bile duct injury is a complication that requires a complex therapy and multidisciplinary management. Reconstruction and treatment techniques have been evolving. The selection of adequate treatment will impact on the patient´s quality of life. The results of the existing studies reporting on iatrogenic bile duct injuries are useful; because the iatrogenic bile duct injuries are complex alterations and constitute one of the most serious complications of a cholecystectomy and require a comprehensive approach, immediate repair, proper drainage and timely referral to adequate treatment to improve long-term prognosis. According to the literature review, currently there better treatments such as absorbable prosthesis, which improve the prognosis and patient´s quality of life, and represent less risk of complications in short/long term.

Impacto del abandono en la salud física y mental del adulto mayor

The World Health Organization (2017) defines the panorama of aging as the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to improve the quality of life of people as they age. Objective: To determine if family abandonment intervenes in the physical and mental health of the older adults of the Mier y Pesado de Orizaba Foundation, Ver. In the period August 2022-January 2023. Methodology: It was a study with a quantitative approach, not Experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample, made up of 26 participants, who met the criteria of being residents of the Mier y Pesado Foundation, aged over 62 years. Three instruments were used; elderly abandonment questionnaire, Yesavage scale and Katz index, following ethical considerations in research. Results: According to the Shapiro Wilk test, it is concluded that the variables that were used do not have homoscedasticity, therefore, it is decided to use a test of non-parametric connections, in this case Spearman's Rho. (Ortega, Ochoa and Molina, 2021), where it is observed that there is no correlation between the variables raised. Conclusion: 46.2% present abandonment due to lack of care. 42.3% moderate depression. 61.5% are independent. It is concluded that the abandonment in the residents of the Mier y Pesado Foundation does not cause mental or physical alterations.La Organización Mundial de la Salud (2017) define el panorama del envejecimiento como es el proceso de optimizar las oportunidades de salud, participación y seguridad a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas a medida que envejecen. Objetivo: Determinar si el abandono familiar interviene en la salud física y mental de los adultos mayores de la fundación Mier y Pesado de Orizaba, Ver. En el periodo agosto 2022-enero 2023. Metodología: Se trató de un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra no probabilística a conveniencia, integrada por 26 participantes, que cumplieron con los criterios ser residentes de la Fundación Mier y Pesado, con edad mayor a 62 años. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos; cuestionario del abandono del adulto mayor, escala de Yesavage y el índice de Katz, siguiendo las consideraciones éticas en materia de investigación. Resultados: Según la prueba de Shapiro Wilk, se concluye que las variables que se utilizaron no tienen homocedasticidad, por consiguiente, se opta por utilizar una prueba de correlación no paramétrica, en este caso Rho de Spearman. (Ortega, Ochoa y Molina, 2021), en donde se observa que no existe correlación entre las variables planteadas. Conclusión: El 46.2% presenta abandono por la falta de atención. El 42.3% depresión moderada. El 61.5% son independientes. Se concluye que el abandono en los residentes de la fundación Mier y Pesado, no causa alteraciones mentales ni físicas. &nbsp

Open radical nephrectomy for early treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review

We report the case of a 46-year-old male with no previous medical background. He complained of abdominal right-sided flank pain, spreading to ipsilateral flank, thermal hikes, hematuria, and positive giordano. The ultrasound found a 5 x 5 cm mass located in right kidney upper pole, which did not compromised renal capsule and presented a fresh bruise, suggesting a malignant tumor. Radical nephrectomy was satisfactory performed; sending the whole kidney to pathology and the patient was discharged within 72 hours. The histopathologic report concluded a conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor (5.5 x 4.8 cm) Fuhrman grade II, limited to the renal parenchyma. We concluded that the best treatment for this type of cancer is the radical nephrectomy even though you lose a part of the renal function. Radical nephrectomy guarantees the extraction of the whole tumor and avoids dissemination, one of the most common complications

Acute abdomen secondary to dependent rectus sheath hematoma: a case report

The rectus sheath hematoma as a rare clinical entity and self-limited, resulting from the accumulation of blood within the sheath of the rectus abdominis, secondary to breakage the epigastric artery higher or lower, or direct damage by fiber tear of rectus abdominis muscle. Female patient, 37 years old, enters the service of emergencies by refer abdominal pain of sudden onset, diffuse, with 5 hours of evolution with irradiation to lumbar region ipsilateral. In the CT scan in single stage and with IV contrast, it was reported an asymmetry in the thickness of the muscles of the anterior wall at the expense of a lesion of occupying space dependent anterior rectus muscle, as diagnostic impression is concluded a intramuscular injury dependent of the right anterior abdominal straight; likely bruising of the sheath of the straight abdominal by what is being decided its income to operating room to perform surgical drainage and epigastric vessel ligation. for the general doctor, specialist and it is important to take into account the pathology, symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for a hematoma dependent of the rectus abdominis muscle, due to the high percentage of error diagnosis in patients who are admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, because you can Confused with other abdominal pathologies, which shows the importance of an appropriate differential diagnosis, and treatment prescribed, which optimize and reduce unnecessary intervention as well as morbidity and mortality of this disease

Comprensión lectora 2, Secundaria : cuaderno de trabajo

Este material ha sido organizado en cuatro fichas, cada una de las cuales aborda algún tópico que recoge una problemática actual. Dentro de cada ficha, se hallará una situación de la vida real o simulada que implica un reto por afrontar y que te acercará a diversos contextos del Perú y del mundo. Mediante el desarrollo de las actividades y tareas, el alumno podrá elaborar productos que evidenciarán el desarrollo de tus competencias comunicativas. De este modo, se encontrará textos de diferentes géneros en cada ficha, con los cuales se busca que te acerques y familiarices con una diversidad de tipos textuales. Por medio de la lectura interactiva, se involucrará en la temática planteada para comprenderla y emprender la resolución del desafío de la ficha. Luego de los textos, se presentan algunas actividades de lectura, mediante las cuales queremos que profundices tu comprensión, y otras dirigidas a la elaboración de los productos orales y escritos, que favorecerán el desarrollo de tus competencias de escritura y oralidad