Industrial policies in Colombia

"Latin American and Caribbean countries underperformance relative to other developing countries in terms of productivity growth has reflected on moderate average economic growth of the region over the last 15 years. Colombia is no exception".Política industrial, Productividad, Crecimiento económico, Colombia

OXFORDIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND AMMONITE ASSOCIATIONS FROM WEST SICILY: BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF GENUS GREGORYCERAS AND CORRELATION WITH TETHYAN PERISPHINCTID SCALE

Middle to lower upper Oxfordian ammonite successions from northwest Sicily, are mainly composed of groups showing a typical Mediterranean character. These include common representatives of suborder Phylloceratina. Among Ammonitina, the bulk of recorded associations is formed by representatives of Mediterranean subfamilies Passendorferiinae, Euaspidoceratinae and Peltoceratinae, with a minor representation of family Oppeliidae. The studied ammonite associations include over two hundred specimens, from which, a whole of one hundred and fifty have been identified and described. They have been collected from three sections located on the southern side of Mount Erice, southwest from the town of Erice (Trapani province). Taphonomic features displayed by the recorded ammonites indicate, on one hand, sedimentation conditions on an open hemipelagic platform under low turbulence conditions and low sedimentation rate values. On the other hand, Perisphinctid (Passendorferiinae) and Aspidoceratidae assemblages appear dominated by juvenile or pre-adult specimens, indicating palaeobiological entities probably colonizing the area and spreading to epicontinental areas farther North from the southern slope of Tethys. From the biostratigraphic point of view, stratigraphic succession of representatives of genus Gregoryceras has allowed recognising a biostratigraphic succession in the Mediterranean Province, which can closely correlate with the one established with representatives of Passendorferia and Perisphinctes for the Submediterranean Province

Phylloceratina ammonoids in the Iberian Basin during the Middle Jurassic: a model of biogeographical and taphonomic dispersal related to relative sea-level changes

Phylloceratina and Lytoceratina ammonoids in the Middle Jurassic of the Iberian Chain (E. Spain) represent less than 1% of the whole of Ammonoidea. There are two intervals, however, in which their occurrence is remarkably constant: within the Upper Bajocian and at the Lower/Middle Callovian boundary. These two dispersal episodes of Phylloceratina and Lytoceratina into the Iberian Basin are regarded to reflect changes in their palaeoecological and taphonomical behaviour, as a consequence of regional sea-level changes during the Middle Jurassic. A relative rise during the Late Bajocian favoured the immigration of juvenile phyllocerataceans. Phylloceras and Adabofoloceras immigrations gave rise to monospecific assemblages, where they soon died. They did not breed or ontogenically develop in this basin. In contrast, phyllocerataceans recorded at the Lower/Middle Callovian boundary constitute polyspecific assemblages, dominated by adult individuals. These Callovian assemblages were formed by nekroplanktonic drift, related to a relative sea-level fall and general homogenization of the shelf bottom, hence favouring the concentration of remains of organisms from more open marine and oceanic areas

Taphonomic features of ammonite associations developed in deep carbonate platform environments (Oxfordian, Iberian Range, Spain).

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames

Accurate measurement of temperature in flames is a challenging problem that has been successfully addressed by hyperspectral imaging. This technique is able to provide maps of not only temperature T (K) but also of column density Q (ppm-m) of the main chemical species. Industrial applications, however, require cheaper instrumentation and faster and simpler data analysis. In this work, the feasibility and performance of multispectral imaging for the retrieval of T and QCO2 in flames are studied. Both the hyperspectral and multispectral measurement methods are described and applied to a standard flame, with known T and QCO2, and to an ordinary Bunsen flame. Hyperspectral results, based on emission spectra with 0.5 cm resolution, were found in previous works to be highly accurate, and are thus considered as the ground truth to compare with multispectral measurements of a mid-IR camera (3 to 5 mum) with a six interference filter wheel. Maps of T and Q obtained by both methods show that, for regions with T -1300 K, the average of relative errors in multispectral measurements is for T (and can be reduced to 2.5% with a correction based on a linear regression) and for Q. Results obtained with four filters are very similar; results with two filters are also similar for T but worse for Q.The authors acknowledge the financial support from EURAMET through 17IND04 EM PRESS 2 project. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. This work has been supported also by the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M14), and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation)

Normas Internacionales de Auditoria : Determinación de la importancia relativa o material de una auditoria de estados financieros de la empresa DIEQUIIF,S.A.por el periodo 2015, en base NIA 320

Este estudio, tuvo como objetivo determinar la importancia relativa o materialidad en una auditoría de estados financieros que facilite desarrollar un trabajo de calidad y profesional que permita enfocar el trabajo de auditoría a las cuentas o saldos más relevantes presentados por las empresas, además delimitar el objetivo y alcance de los procedimientos de auditoría , creando así una mejor perspectiva de las técnicas de revisión a utilizar en la fase ejecución de la misma, por esta razón es de vital importancia tener claro cómo se aplica y se determina en la práctica. La metodología aplicada de investigación tuvo un estudio científico en base a fuentes bibliográficas, a través de consultas de diferentes libros e inclusive aportes de personas expertas en la materia que facilito el conocimiento requerido para analizar y comprender la aplicación correcta de la materialidad en los estados financieros al momento de conducir una auditoría, representado la problemática del tema mediante la elaboración de un caso práctico que tiene como propósito determinar la importancia relativa o materialidad de las cifras de los estados financieros de la empresa DIEQUIIF, S.A. Al finalizar la temática investigativa presentada en el caso práctico se logró identificar los requerimientos de la Norma Internacional de Auditoría 320 para llevar a cabo durante toda la etapa de auditoría la determinación de la importancia relativa o materialidad en los Estados financieros. Dejando claro que es determinante el juicio profesional para cualquier auditor definir este parámetro en el transcurso de una auditoría

Good municipal government and community participation

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-56).by Guillermo Quinteros Meléndez.M.C.P