Extraction And Isolation Of Indole Alkaloids From Tabernaemontana Catharinensis A.dc: Technical And Economical Analysis

In the present work, the technical and economical analysis of extraction and isolation of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis is presented. The extraction was carried out using supercritical CO2 as solvent and ethanol as cosolvent (5%, v/v). The global yield isotherms were determined at 35 and 45 °C for pressures of 150-350 bar. The mass transfer rate for the constant extraction rate period (CER), the duration of the CER period, and the mass ratio of solute in the fluid phase at the bed outlet were calculated. The extraction curves were adjusted by Crank, Goto et al. and Esquível et al. models. The economical analysis was carried out considering that the cost of manufacturing can be obtained in terms of the costs of investment, operational labor, raw material, waste treatment and utilities. The higher global yields were obtained at 350 bar (1.30 × 10-2 and 1.54 × 10-2 kg/kg, at temperatures of 35 and 45 °C, respectively). The Goto's model was able to quantitatively describe the experimental data. The cost of manufacturing the extracts obtained at 350 bar, 45 °C, using 5% (v/v) of ethanol was US$79.35 kg-1 of extract. Using previous experimental data obtained at 300 bar, 55 °C, using 10$ 440.31 kg-1 of alkaloids. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.402232238Pereira, C.G., Marques, M.O.M., Barreto, A., Siani, A.C., Fernandes, E.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis using Supercrítical CO2 + ethanol: an evaluation of raw material origin and process variables (2004) J. Supercrit. Fluid, 30, p. 51Singh, P.C., Singh, R.K., Choosing an appropriate bioseparation Technique (1996) Trends Food Sci. Technol., 7, p. 49Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., Rapid estimation of the manufacturing cost of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (2005) J. Food Eng., 67, p. 235Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical extraction from solid: process design data (2003) Curr. Opin. Solid St. M., 7, p. 221Sharma, V., Piwnica-Worms, D., D., Metal complexes for therapy and diagnosis of drugs resistence (1999) Chem. Rev., 99, p. 2545Delorenzi, J.C., Attias, M., Gattass, C.R., Andrade, M., Rezende, C., Pinto, A.C., Henriques, A.T., Saraiva, E.M., Antileishmanial activity of indole alkaloid from Peschiera australis (2001) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, p. 1349Rates, S.M.K., Schapoval, E.E.S., Souza, I.A., Henriques, A.T., Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Peschiera australis (1993) Int. J. Pharmacogn., 31, p. 288Pereira, C.G., Leal, P.F., Sato, D.N., Meireles, M.A.A., Antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of Tabernaemontana catharinensis extracts obtained by Supercritical CO2 + cosolvent (2005) J. Med. Foods, 8, p. 533Soares, D.C., Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Saraiva, E.M.B., Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of supercritical CO2 + ethanol extracts from Tabernaemontana catharinensis (2003) Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S. Paulo, 45, p. 110Turton, R., Bailie, R.C., Whiting, W.B., Shaeiwtz, J.A., Analysis, J.A., (1998) Synthesis and Design of Chemical Process, , Prentice Hall, PTR, Upper Saddle RiverPasquel, A., Meireles, M.A.A., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 3, p. 271Crank, J., (1975) The Mathematics of Diffusion, , Clarendon Press, OxfordGoto, M., Sato, M., Hirose, T., Extraction of peppermint oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (1993) J. Chem. Eng Jpn., 26, p. 401Esquível, M.M., Bernardo-Gil, M.G., King, M.B., Mathematical models for supercritical extraction of Olive Husk oil (1999) J. Supercrit. Fluid, 16, p. 43Martinez, J., Monteiro, A.R., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Multicomponent model to describe extraction of Ginger oleoresin with supercritical carbon dioxide (2003) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, p. 1057Ulrich, G.D., (1984) A Guide to Chemical Engineering Process Design and Economics, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkAragão, R.G.M., Alves, A.F., Sobral, R.M., Verde, L.W.L., Enraizamento de estacas de caule de maniçoba (Manihot glaziowii MUELL. ARG.), tratadas com substâncias químicas a base de auxinas (1979) Ciência e Agronomia, 9, p. 99da Saúde, M., Manual de controle da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Ministério da Saúde (2000) Assessoria de Comunicação e Educação em Saúde-NED/ASCOM/FUNASA. 5a ed., , de Saúde F.N. (Ed), Brasília, DF, Brazi

Economic Evaluation Of Natural Product Extraction Processes

[No abstract available]442471Taylor, L.T., (1996) Supercritical Fluid Extraction John, , Wiley & Sons Inc. CanadaPatel, R.N., Bandyopadhyay, S., Ganesh, A., (2006) J. Chromatogr. A, 1124, p. 130Cavalcanti, R.N., Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) Proc. Food Sci., 1, p. 1672Fiori, L., (2010) Chem. Eng. Process, 48, p. 866Turton, R.C., Bailie, W.B., Whiting, J.A., Shaeiwtz, J.A., (1998) Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Process, , Prentice Hall, PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJPereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) Food Bioprocess Technol., 3, p. 340Prado, J.M., Assis, A.R., Maróstica Jr., M.R., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) J. Food Proc. Eng, 33, p. 348Prado, J.M., Dalmolin, I., Carareto, N.D.D., Basso, R.C., Meirelles, A.J.A., Oliveira, J.V., Batista, E.A.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Food Eng., 109, p. 249Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., (2007) Flavour Frag. J., 22, p. 407Albuquerque, C.L.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Supercrit Fluids, 66, p. 86Passey, C.A., (1994) Supercritical Fluid Processing of Food and Biomaterials, p. 223. , ed. S. S. H. Rizvi, Blackie, London, UKDel Valle, J.M., Fuente, J.C., Cardarelli, D.A., (2005) J. Food Eng., 67, p. 35Perrut, M., (2000) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, p. 4531Yver, A.L., Bonnaillie, L.M., Yee, W., McAloon, A., Tomasula, P.M., (2012) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, p. 240Perry, R.H., Green, D.W., (1997) Perry?s Chemical Engineers Handbook, , 7th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, NYShariaty-Niassar, M., Aminzadeh, B., Azadi, P., Soltanali, S., (2009) Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Q., 15, p. 143Perlingeiro, C.A.G., (2005) Engenharia de Processos: Análise, , Simulação, Otimiza̧ão e Síntese de Processos Químicos, Blucher, São Paulo, BrazilVeggi, P.C., Santos, D.T., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) Proc. Food Sci., 1, p. 1717Lealm. Kfouri, B.P.F., Alexandre, F.C., Fagundes, F.H.R., Prado, J.M., Toyama, M.H., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 54, p. 38Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., (2005) J. Food Eng., 67, p. 235Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., (2007) J. Food Proc. Eng., 30, p. 150Mezzomo, N., Martínez, J., Ferreira, S.R.S., (2011) J. Food Eng., 103, p. 473Prado, J.M., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) Biorefinery Co-products: Phytochemicals, Primary Metabolites and Value-added Biomass Processing, p. 133. , ed. C. Bergeron, D. J. Carrier and S. Ramaswamy, John, Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJLeal, P.F., Maia, N.B., Carmello, Q.A.C., Catharino, R.R., Eberlin, M.N., Meireles, M.A.A., (2008) Food Bioproc. Technol., 1, p. 326Pereira, C.G., Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., (2007) J. Supercrit Fluids, 40, p. 232Pereira, C.G., Gualtieri, I.P., Maia, N.B., Meireles, M.A., (2008) J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 35, p. 44Prado, I.M., Albuquerque, C.L.C., Cavalcanti, R.N., Meireles, M.A.A., (2009) 9th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, , Arcachon, FrancePrado, J.M., Prado, G.H.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 56, p. 231Perrut, M., (2007) I Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids, , Iguassu Falls, BrazilBrunner, G., (2005) J. Food Eng., 67, p. 21Santos, D.T., Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2010) J. Food Eng., 101, p. 23Veggi, P.C., Santos, D.T., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) Proc. Food Sci., p. 1725Santos, D.T., Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., (2012) J. Food Eng., 108, p. 444Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., Andersson, L., (2006) J. Dent., 34, p. 747Lee, K., Shibamoto, T., (2001) Food Chem., 74, p. 443Menon, K.V., Garg, S.R., (2001) Food Microbiol., 18, p. 647Gulçin, Ì., Güngör, S., Beydemir, S., Elmastas, M., Küfrevioglu, Ö.I., (2004) Food Chem., 87, p. 393Naveena, B.M., Muthukumar, M., Sem, A.R., Babji, Y., Murthy, T.R.K., (2006) Meat Sci., 74, p. 409Chaieb, K., Hajlaoui, H., Zmantar, T., Kahla-Nakbi, A.B., Rouabhia, M., Mahdouani, K., Bakhrouf, A., (2007) Phytother. Res., 21, p. 501(2010) SEAGRI, , www.seagri.ba.gov.br(2010) Liberty Natural, , www.libertynatural.co

Extraction Of Indole Alkaloids From Tabernaemontana Catharinensis Using Supercritical Co2+ethanol: An Evaluation Of The Process Variables And The Raw Material Origin

Indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis, collected from different places, were extracted using a mixture of supercritical CO2 plus ethanol. The effects of the process variables: temperature, pressure, solvent flow rate, and percentage of cosolvent on the total yield, chemical composition of the extract, and extraction kinetics were determined. The extracts were solvent-partitioned and their composition analyzed by TLC, GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. Voacangine and coronaridine were identified as the major compounds in the extracts; the individual alkaloids were quantified by GC-FID using external standard. At 250 bar and 45°C the largest yield (1.29%) and the faster extraction rate were obtained; increasing the percentage of cosolvent improved the extraction rate as well as the yield. Employing an intermittent process consisting in six pressurization- depressurization steps appreciably reduced the total extraction time. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.3015161Mc Hugh, M., Krukonis, V., (1994) Appendix A: Patent Reviews. in Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Pratice 2nd Edition, p. 503. , Boston, MA: ButterworthLopez-Avila, B., Robaugh, D., Supercritical fluid extraction of oxindoles alkaloids from Uncaria tomentosa (1997) J. High Resolution Chromatogr., 20, p. 231Spitzer, V., Rates, M.K., Henriques, A.T., Marx, F., The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Peschiera australis (1995) Fett (Germany), 97, p. 334Rates, S.M.K., Schapoval, E.E.S., Souza, I.A., Henriques, A.T., Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Peschiera australis (1993) Int. J. Pharmacogn., 31, p. 288Van Beek, T.A., Veerpoorte, R., Svendsen, A.B., Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., Bisset, N.G., Tabernaemontana L.: A review of its taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology (1984) J. 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Extraction Of Natural Products: Principles And Fundamental Aspects

[No abstract available]5888Kellner, R., Mermet, J.M., Otto, M., Valcárcel, M., Widmer, H., Michael, H., (2004) Analytical Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science, p. 410. , (eds.), Wiley VCH, WeinheimRizvi, S.H., (2010) Separation Extraction and Concentration Processes in the Food, Beverage and Nutraceutical Industries, p. 665. , Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, UKCerpa, M.G., Mato, R.B., Cocero, M.J., Ceriani, R., Meirelles, A.J.A., Prado, J.M., Leal, P.F., Meireles, M.A.A., (2009) Extracting Bioactive Compounds for Food Products, p. 9. , ed. M. A. A. Meireles, CRC Press -Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FLBrunner, G., (1994) An Introduction to Fundamentals of Supercritical Fluids and the Application to Separation Processes, p. 387. , Gas Extraction, Springer, New York, NYPapadopoulou, A., Frazier, R.A., (2004) Trends Food Sci. Technol., 15, p. 186Rostagno, M.A., Villares, A., Guillamón, E., García-Lafuente, A., Martínez, J.A., (2009) J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, p. 2Takeuchi, T.M., Pereira, C.G., Braga, M.E.M., Maróstica Jr., M.R., Leal, P.F., Meireles, M.A.A., (2009) Extracting Bioactive Compounds for Food Products, p. 137. , ed. M. A. A. Meireles, CRC Press -Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FLNaviglio, D., Pizzolongo, F., Romano, R., Ferrara, L., Naviglio, B., Santini, A., (2007) Afr. J. Food Sci., 1, p. 42Contini, M., Baccelloni, S., Massantini, R., Anelli, G., (2008) Food Chem., 110, p. 659Cho, S.Y., Lee, Y.N., Park, H.J., (2009) Food Chem., 117, p. 312Tsakona, S., Galanakis, C.M., Gekas, V., (2012) Food Bioprocess. Technol., 5, p. 1384Karacabey, E., Mazza, G., (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, p. 6318(1994) EPA Method 3540B, , Federal RegisterSoxhlet extraction, Revision 2EPA: Washington, DC, USA,September(1990) AOAC Method 963.15, , Association of Official Analytical Chemists, USA(1991) BS, 4267. , British StandardCastro De Luque, M.D., García-Ayuso, L.E., (1998) Anal. Chim. Acta, 369, p. 1Hodson, M.E., (2002) Geochim. 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Preedy, RSC Publishing, London, UKMyint, S., Daud, W.R.W., Mohamad, A.B., Kadhum, A.A.H., (1996) J. AOCS, 73, p. 603Sturzoiu, A., Stroescu, M., Guzun, A.S., Dobre, T., (2011) Rev. Chim.-Bucharest, 62 (3), p. 344Leal, P.F., Almeida, T.S., Prado, G.H.C., Prado, J.M., Meireles, M.A.A., (2011) Sep. Sci. Technol, 46, p. 184

Signal transduction in the human thyrocyte and its perversion in thyroid tumors.

The study of normal signal transduction pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation of a cell type allows to predict and to understand the perversions of these pathways which lead to tumorigenesis. In the case of the human thyroid cell, three cascades are mostly involved in tumorigenesis: The pathways and genetic events affecting them are described. Caveats in the use of models and the interpretation of results are formulated and the still pending questions are outlined.JOURNAL ARTICLESCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe