Full Gradient Stabilized Cut Finite Element Methods for Surface Partial Differential Equations

We propose and analyze a new stabilized cut finite element method for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a closed surface. The new stabilization term provides control of the full $\mathbb{R}^3$ gradient on the active mesh consisting of the elements that intersect the surface. Compared to face stabilization, based on controlling the jumps in the normal gradient across faces between elements in the active mesh, the full gradient stabilization is easier to implement and does not significantly increase the number of nonzero elements in the mass and stiffness matrices. The full gradient stabilization term may be combined with a variational formulation of the Laplace-Beltrami operator based on tangential or full gradients and we present a simple and unified analysis that covers both cases. The full gradient stabilization term gives rise to a consistency error which, however, is of optimal order for piecewise linear elements, and we obtain optimal order a priori error estimates in the energy and $L^2$ norms as well as an optimal bound of the condition number. Finally, we present detailed numerical examples where we in particular study the sensitivity of the condition number and error on the stabilization parameter.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.0583

Physical and numerical modeling of the role of hydrodynamic processes on adult-larval interactions of a suspension-feeding bivalve

The importance of hydrodynamic processes for adult-larval interactions in the cockle, Cerastoderma edule, was examined through physical and numerical modeling. A set of physical experiments in a flow-tank using adult cockles and larval mimics showed that the settlement of particles was affected by adult cockles. Settlement was reduced by 20% in an area of 2.5 cm2 surrounding the siphons, and the most marked decrease occurred near the inhalant siphon. On a larger spatial scale downstream of the siphons, settlement was more heterogeneous compared to surfaces without cockles. The experimental results near individual cockles were compared with numerical models of settlement dynamics in conditions with no horizontal flow. The models suggest that the vertical position of the siphon orifice determines whether any small-scale reduction in larval settlement should be expected near suspension-feeding benthic invertebrates. The results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with previous observations of small-scale patterns (≈1 cm) around individual C. edule and with observations of larger-scale (1-10 m) differences among patches with varying densities of cockles. These comparisons indicate that passive hydrodynamic processes can explain patterns around individual cockles, whereas a combination of active and passive processes are necessary to explain differences among patches. Such hydrodynamic modification of larval behavior has previously been reported to greatly increase rates of mortality for settling bivalve larvae

Saksbehandlingen i forliksrådet : Herunder de kritikkverdige sidene ved en slik lekmannsordning

Oppgaven vil ta for seg saksbehandlingen i forliksrådet etter tvistelovens kapittel seks. Oppgaven vil også omtale noe av den kritikken som er rettet mot forliksrådet som lekmannsdomstol den senere tiden

The neuro-oscillatory profiles of static and dynamic music-induced visual imagery

Visual imagery, i.e., seeing in the absence of the corresponding retinal input, has been linked to visual and motor processing areas of the brain. Music listening provides an ideal vehicle for exploring the neural correlates of visual imagery because it has been shown to reliably induce a broad variety of content, ranging from abstract shapes to dynamic scenes. Forty-two participants listened with closed eyes to twenty-four excerpts of music, while a 15-channel EEG was recorded, and, after each excerpt, rated the extent to which they experienced static and dynamic visual imagery. Our results show both static and dynamic imagery to be associated with posterior alpha suppression (especially in lower alpha) early in the onset of music listening, while static imagery was associated with an additional alpha enhancement later in the listening experience. With regard to the beta band, our results demonstrate beta enhancement to static imagery, but first beta suppression before enhancement in response to dynamic imagery. We also observed a positive association, early in the listening experience, between gamma power and dynamic imagery ratings that was not present for static imagery ratings. Finally, we offer evidence that musical training may selectively drive effects found with respect to static and dynamic imagery and alpha, beta, and gamma band oscillations. Taken together, our results show the promise of using music listening as an effective stimulus for examining the neural correlates of visual imagery and its contents. Our study also highlights the relevance of future work seeking to study the temporal dynamics of music-induced visual imagery

Samarbeidslæring som metode for å utvikle elevenes ferdigheter i norskfaget.

Formålet med denne studien har vært å undersøke hvilke muligheter samarbeidslæring som undervisningsform i norskfaget gir elevene for å utvikle sine lese-, skrive- og muntlige ferdigheter. Problemstillingen min lyder som følger: «Hvilke muligheter gir samarbeidslæring som undervisningsmetode til å utvikle elevenes ferdigheter i norskfaget?» For å kunne svare på denne problemstillinga, har jeg brukt intervju og observasjon som metode. Informantutvalget bestod av en lærer som var godt kjent med samarbeidslæring, og som hadde brukt dette mye i sin undervisning. Det var også i denne lærerens klasse jeg observerte bruken av samarbeidslæring. Observasjonene ble gjennomført på en vanlig undervisningsdag, før jeg deretter intervjuet læreren. Resultatene viser at samarbeidslæring som undervisningsform skaper et stort engasjement hos elevene, og gir tilsynelatende høy motivasjon i arbeidet. Videre viser resultatene at denne undervisningsformen bidrar til at undervisningen er lettere å tilpasse for læreren ved at aktivitetene/strukturene er lagt opp slik at alle skal bidra med det de kan ut ifra sine forutsetninger. Resultatene viser også at aktivitetene/strukturene til enhver tid øver minst en av de tre ferdighetene som denne studien har sett på. I noen tilfeller benytter aktivitetene/strukturene også en kombinasjon av to eller alle tre av ferdighetene, slik som «samtidig skrivetur», som øver både lesing og skriving når den gjennomføres på en slik måte som læreren jeg observerte, gjennomførte den. Gjennom observasjonene og intervjuet fant jeg og at denne undervisningsformen gir god variasjon i undervisningen. Basert på funnene vil samarbeidslæring som undervisningsmetode gi gode muligheter til å utvikle ferdigheter innen lesing, skriving og muntlighet i norskfaget, og kunne bidra til å øke kunnskapene til elevene.The purpose of this study has been to investigate what opportunities cooperative learning as a form of teaching in the Norwegian subject gives students to develop their reading, writing and speaking skills. My research question reads as follows: "What opportunities does cooperative learning as a teaching method offer to develop the students' skills in the Norwegian subject, and can this method contribute to increased learning for the students?" In order to be able to answer this question, I have used interview and observation as methods. The informant committee consisted of a teacher who was well acquainted with collaborative learning, and who had used this a lot in his teaching. It was also in this teacher's class that I observed the use of cooperative learning. The observations were carried out on a normal teaching day before I then interviewed the teacher. The results show that cooperative learning as a form of teaching creates a great deal of commitment among the students, and apparently gives high motivation in the work. Furthermore, the results show that this form of teaching contributes to the teaching being easier for the teacher to adapt by the fact that the activities/structures are laid out so that everyone should contribute what they can based on their assumptions. The results also show that the activities/structures at all times practice at least one of the three skills that this study has looked at in connection with developing these. In some cases, it also uses a combination of two or all three of the skills, such as "simultaneous writing tour" which practices both reading and writing, when it is carried out in such a way as the teacher I observed carried it out. Through the observations and the interview, I also found that this form of teaching provides good variety in the teaching. Based on the findings, cooperative learning as a teaching method will provide good opportunities to develop skills in reading, writing and speaking in the Norwegian subject

(Un)Conditional surrender? Why do professionals willingly comply with managerialism

Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to explore the question – why do professionals surrender their autonomy? This paper looks at the case of academics, in particular business school academics. It traces how this group of professionals have progressively surrendered their autonomy and complied with the demands of managerialism. Design/methodology/approach: – This largely theoretical paper looks to develop an understanding of (over)compliance with the bureaucratization of research using the four faces of power – coercive, agenda setting, ideological and discursive. Findings: – The discussion of this paper argues that the surrendering of autonomy has been reinforced through coercive forms of power like rewards and punishment and bureaucratization; manipulation and mainstreaming through pushing a particular version of research to the top of the agenda; domination through shaping norms and values; and subjectification through creating new identities. Originality/value: – The paper explores how academics deal with tensions and paradoxes such as compliance and resistance, as well as love of work and loathing of it. To deal with these paradoxes, academics often treat their work as a game and see themselves as players. While this process enables academics to reconcile themselves with their loss of autonomy, it has troubling collective outcomes: the production of increasing uninteresting and irrelevant research

Kvinners opplevelse av angst og stress i forkant av operasjon

En kvalitativ studie om hvilken informasjon om operasjonsavdelingen som pasienter som skal gjennomføre et gynekologisk kirurgisk inngrep trenger for å redusere pre-operativ angst