Advanced CT methods for radiation dose reduction and image quality optimization in pediatric radiology

Ovaj diplomski rad je prikaz različitih metoda u kompjuteriziranoj tomografiji koje se koriste u svrhu redukcije doze zračenja i optimizacije kvalietete slike u pedijatrijskoj radiologiji. Brojne studije su dokazale štetnost ionizirajućeg zračenja u djetinjstvu koje može utjecati na nastanak malignih bolesti u odrasloj dobi. Razvojem tehnologije u medicini nastali su niskodozni CT protokoli koji su pokazali mogućnost zadovoljavanja navedenih kriterija. Naprednim radiološkim metodama poput kolimacije snopa, mogućnosti automatske kontrole ekspozicije, odabira sklopivih detektora te automatske cijevi koje pružaju noviji CT uređaji, omogućeno je niskovoltažno snimanje koje je najsigurnije i najučinkovitije za djecu te se prilagođava snimanju različitih anatomskih regija. U radu je istaknuta važnost ispravne komunikacije s djecom koja također doprinosi optimizaciji kvalitete snimanja i smanjenju doze ionizirajućeg zračenja.This thesis is a presentation of different methods computerized tomography that are used for the purpose of reducing radiation dose and optimizing image quality in pediatric radiology. . Numerous studies have proven the harmfulness of ionizing radiation in childhood, which can affect the development of malignant diseases in adulthood. With the development of technology in medicine, low-dose CT devices were created that showed the possibility of meeting the above criteria. Advanced radiological methods such as beam collimation, the possibility of automatic exposure control, the selection of collapsible detectors and automatic tubes provided by newer CT devices, low-voltage imaging that is the safest and most effective for children and is adapted to imaging different anatomical regions. The paper highlights the importance of proper communication with children, which also contributes to optimizing the quality of imaging and reducing the dose of ionizing radiation

Telemedicine

Suvremeni način života pridonio je razvoju novih vrsta bolesti i porastu oboljelih u cijelom svijetu. Ta činjenica stavila je pred znanstvenike zadatak kako najlakše i najbrže povezati stručnjake s područja medicine iz cijeloga svijeta u rješavanju kompliciranih medicinskih dijagnoza. Tako je utemeljena telemedicina – dijagnosticiranje i liječenje bolesnika kao spoj informatičke tehnologije i telekomunikacija. Timskim radom koji telemedicina omogućava pogreške su svedene na minimum, a samim time poboljšano i pružanje medicinskih usluga. Ona ostvaruje znatnu uštedu novca i vremena što nije zanemariva stavka u današnjoj teškoj gospodarskoj situaciji u svijetu koja se odrazila i na medicinu. Ovaj sustav ima niz prednosti o čemu se više govori u daljnjem tekstu. Zbog svega navedenog potrebno je, s ovim načinom komunikacije upoznati kako struku tako i širu javnost kroz stručne radove.Modern lifestyle has contributed to the development of new types of diseases and increasing suffering in the world. Those facts placed a mission in front of scientists in order to most easily and quickly connect with experts in medicine from around the world to solve complex medical diagnoses. Thus based telemedicine - diagnosing and treating patients as a combination of information technology and telecommunications. With teamwork that telemedicine allows mistakes are kept to a minimum and thereby improved the provision of medical services. It realizes substantial savings of time and money which is not insignificant item in today's difficult economic situation in the world that is also reflected in medicine. This system has many advantages which is discussed below. Because of all these reasons it is necessary with this type of communication introduce the profession to the general public through professional articles

Advanced CT methods for radiation dose reduction and image quality optimization in pediatric radiology

Ovaj diplomski rad je prikaz različitih metoda u kompjuteriziranoj tomografiji koje se koriste u svrhu redukcije doze zračenja i optimizacije kvalietete slike u pedijatrijskoj radiologiji. Brojne studije su dokazale štetnost ionizirajućeg zračenja u djetinjstvu koje može utjecati na nastanak malignih bolesti u odrasloj dobi. Razvojem tehnologije u medicini nastali su niskodozni CT protokoli koji su pokazali mogućnost zadovoljavanja navedenih kriterija. Naprednim radiološkim metodama poput kolimacije snopa, mogućnosti automatske kontrole ekspozicije, odabira sklopivih detektora te automatske cijevi koje pružaju noviji CT uređaji, omogućeno je niskovoltažno snimanje koje je najsigurnije i najučinkovitije za djecu te se prilagođava snimanju različitih anatomskih regija. U radu je istaknuta važnost ispravne komunikacije s djecom koja također doprinosi optimizaciji kvalitete snimanja i smanjenju doze ionizirajućeg zračenja.This thesis is a presentation of different methods computerized tomography that are used for the purpose of reducing radiation dose and optimizing image quality in pediatric radiology. . Numerous studies have proven the harmfulness of ionizing radiation in childhood, which can affect the development of malignant diseases in adulthood. With the development of technology in medicine, low-dose CT devices were created that showed the possibility of meeting the above criteria. Advanced radiological methods such as beam collimation, the possibility of automatic exposure control, the selection of collapsible detectors and automatic tubes provided by newer CT devices, low-voltage imaging that is the safest and most effective for children and is adapted to imaging different anatomical regions. The paper highlights the importance of proper communication with children, which also contributes to optimizing the quality of imaging and reducing the dose of ionizing radiation

Soil gas measurements of radon, CO2 and hydrocarbon concentrations as indicators of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulation and hydrocarbon seepage

Soil gas measurements of radon (222Rn), CO2, and hydrocarbon concentrations, as well as gamma-ray spectrometry, were conducted at two separate locations to estimate the measurement results for known locations of hydrocarbon accumulations in the subsurface and oil seepage on the surface. The aim of the study was to confirm the applicability of the method for identifying migration pathways (e.g., faults) and to detect possible seepages of hydrocarbons to the surface as well as to investigate possible health issue potential about the soil gas analysis results. Site A investigations were performed with a large number of sampling points to provide sufficient spatial coverage to capture the influence of subsurface lithologic variability as well as the influence of the migration pathway on the measured parameters. For the investigation of site B, sampling points were positioned to reflect the situation between the area above producing hydrocarbon fields and areas with no confirmed accumulation. The results presented show that it is possible to distinguish the near-surface lithology (gamma-ray spectrometry), characterize the migration pathway, and indicate the area of oil seepage at the surface. Areas above the known hydrocarbon accumulations generally have elevated radon concentrations and detectable heavier hydrocarbons with sporadic methane in soil gas, which contrasts with the lower radon levels and lack of detectable heavier hydrocarbons in soil gas in the area with no confirmed hydrocarbon accumulation in the subsurface