Exploring conservation strategies for ancestral puebloan sites

In the American Southwest, indigenous pueblo cultures are a vital part of the region\u27s contemporary mosaic of ethnic diversity. This is especially evident through their long-standing relationship to the land and landscape as reflected in the continuity of place for all pueblo communities and the countless number of ancestral sites that figure prominently in contemporary beliefs and practices. Recently many such sites have gained federal recognition and legal protection as archaeological and traditional cultural sites, yet stabilization, protection, use and interpretation of these sites according to existing theories and models of conservation have proven to be difficult. Based on the recognition that such places remain critical to the continuing identity of Native peoples and that many of these sites are simultaneously visited and enjoyed by the public, their preservation and respectful management have become a relevant, timely and sometimes controversial issue. Beginning in 1997 the University of Pennsylvania, the National Park Service and San Ildefonso Pueblo inaugurated an integrated research and training programme focused on the conservation and management of Tsankawi (New Mexico), an ancestral puebloan mesa site of great cultural and archaeological significance. The project afforded a critical examination of the theoretical and ethical issues surrounding the preservation and management of ancestral archaeological sites and the technical methods required for their stabilization and interpretation as cultural landscapes. Professionals, students and pueblo affiliates engaged in documentation, condition survey and preservation treatments of the ancient tuff rock trails and pueblo structures. From this effort, a strategic conservation plan was developed and its initial implementation explored through an annual training programme involving pueblo and university interns as well as professional archaeologists and cultural resource managers

The Conservation of Immovable Cultural Property: Ethical and Practical Dilemmas

The conservation of immovable cultural property-outdoor monuments, buildings, archaeological sites, and landscapes-is a relatively recent profession, yet one that has grown out of earlier 19th-century restoration theories. Although part of the broader conservation context, architectural conservation presents unique problems due to the issues of context, immobility, size, scale, and complexity of use and materials. These issues are examined with respect to established standards for the examination, documentation, and treatment of traditional historic and artistic works

Lessons from the Great House: Condition and treatment history as prologue to site conservation and management at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument

As the first federally designated and protected archaeological preserve in the United States (1889-92), the site of Casa Grande Ruins National Monument in Arizona, USA, provides an excellent opportunity to examine the effects of past site conservation and management policies. Renewed investigation and analysis of the caliche building material and wall conditions of the Casa Grande using new techniques of field, laboratory and digital recording have allowed a reassessment of the structure in an effort to explain recent phenomena of alteration and deterioration, and make recommendations for structural and surface monitoring and treatment. The focus on the development of a detailed condition survey of the earthen structure has also promoted the creation of a standard graphic lexicon of earthen building conditions for use at other sites

All Things Useful and Ornamental: A Praxis-based Model for Conservation Education

Since its emergence in the twentieth century as a discreet field combining intellectual inquiry and applied knowledge, the conservation of historic and artistic works has developed into a distinct professionally defined discipline.(1) In both concept and practice, conservation has as its fundamental objective the protection of cultural property from loss and depletion. As such it is concerned primarily with the physical well-being of cultural and historical resources by observing and analyzing their form, production, and meanings; conducting investigations to determine the cause and effect of deterioration; and directing remedial and preventive interventions focused on maintaining the integrity and survival of the resource. This does not assume a priori a singular dedication to the physical fabric alone but rather to the entire resource including the associated intangible qualities thus bringing the conservation process back into the social realm of people, places and things

The effect of fairy tales in the character creation of RWBY

Abstract. This thesis focuses on analysing the differences and similarities between the four main characters of the Rooster Teeth animated series RWBY (2013) and the fairy tale characters that inspired their creation. This comparative study begins by analysing these fairy tale characters and their portrayal, and then comparing them to the main characters of RWBY (2013). When it comes to portrayal, this thesis focuses on the analysis of personality traits as well as the visual appearances of all the characters. The key point is to see whether there are any clear similarities or differences between the series’ main characters and their fairy tale counterparts. The theoretical basis of this thesis is constructed from Hutcheon and O’Flynn’s (2013) adaptation theory, which discusses the development of adaptation and its different media. Hutcheon and O’Flynn (2013) argue that an adaptation can become more popular than the original source material due to the repetition of similar features in a new medium through re-interpretation (2013, p. 4–5). This thesis focuses on analysing these re-interpretations of fairy tales in RWBY (2013). Based on the analysis, each character from both the fairy tales and from the series have unique traits both personality and appearance wise, however, it is clear that there are a lot more similarities with their counterparts than differences. There are a few drastic differences, but it is clear where the inspiration comes from for these characters as well. This thesis concludes that the main characters of RWBY (2013) represent older and more grown versions of their inspired fairy tale characters while remaining original to the series as well. Satujen vaikutus hahmojen luomiseen animaatiosarjassa RWBY. Tiivistelmä. Tässä kandidaatintutkielmassa tarkastellaan Rooster Teeth -tuotantoyhtiön animaatiosarjan RWBY (2013) neljää päähenkilöä ja niitä inspiroineita satuhahmoja sekä niiden välillä ilmeneviä eroja. Tässä vertailevassa tutkielmassa analysoidaan kyseisiä satuhahmoja sekä niiden sanallisia kuvauksia, jonka jälkeen niitä verrataan animaatiosarjan päähenkilöihin. Sanallista kuvausta tässä opinnäytetyössä käytetään analysoimaan hahmojen persoonallisuuspiirteitä sekä ulkonäköä. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää, ilmeneekö hahmojen välillä selkeitä samanlaisuuksia tai eroja. Teoreettinen tausta tälle opinnäytetyölle perustuu Hutcheon ja O’Flynnin (2013) adaptaatioteoriaan, joka tutkii adaptaation kehitystä sekä sen eri muotoja. Hutcheon ja O’Flynn väittävät, että itse adaptaatiosta voi kehittyä alkuperäistä suositumpi, sillä adaptaatiossa toistuu samanlaisia 2 ominaisuuksia ja piirteitä uudessa muodossa uudelleen tulkittuna (2013, p. 4–5). Tässä opinnäytetyössä keskitytään analysoimaan näiden satujen uudelleentulkintoja RWBY-sarjassa (2013). Analyysin pohjalta voidaan huomata, että jokaisella hahmolla on yksityiskohtaisia ominaisuuksia sekä persoonallisuuspiirteissä että ulkonäössä. On kuitenkin selvää, että samanlaisuuksia löytyy niiden välillä enemmän kuin eroja. Vaikka hahmojen väliltä löytyy myös suuria eroja, niiden inspiraation lähde on selvä. Tämä opinnäytetyö toteaa, että animaatiosarjan päähenkilöt kuvastavat vanhempia ja aikuismaisempia versioita niitä inspiroineista satuhahmoista samalla pysytellen sarjalle omaperäisinä

HRP-labeling of bacterial extracellular vesicles for transmission electron microscopy imaging

Abstract. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound carriers secreted by all cells. In humans, in addition to body’s own cells, also the bacteria of the microbiota releases bacterial EVs (BEVs). BEVs in human body can be examined from body fluids. For studying BEVs derived from gut microbiota, fecal samples are used. The isolation protocol of BEVs includes ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, and density gradient ultracentrifugation. For characterization, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis are commonly used. Several methods for labeling and imaging EVs have been demonstrated. Yet, none of them are suitable tracking EVs with high resolution imaging. In this thesis, a novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) -labeling for BEVs for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is established. For visualizing the HRP, carrying out a diaminobenzidine (DAB) -reaction had to be optimized. With multiple trials of in vitro experiments, a suitable protocol for labeling BEVs was established. As a result of successful HRP-labeling followed by DAB-reaction, BEVs appeared sharply stained on the edges. Further trials in ex vivo conditions were performed by injecting HRP-labeled BEVs to a muscle of a euthanized mouse. Thin sections of mouse muscle tissue in TEM revealed dark-stained clusters of structures resembling BEVs. The outcomes of the ex vivo mouse experiment were promising but will require optimizing in future studies.HRP-leimaus bakteeriperäisille solunulkoisille vesikkeleille läpäisyelektronimikroskooppikuvantamiseen. Tiivistelmä. Kaikki solut erittävät ulkopuolelleen kuljetukseen erikoistuneita pieniä kalvopeitteisiä rakkuloita, solunulkoisia vesikkeleitä. Solunulkoisia vesikkeleitä tuottavat paitsi elimistön omat solut, myös elimistössä elävän mikrobiomin solut. Ihmiselimistön suolistobakteerien tuottamia bakteeriperäisiä solunulkoisia vesikkeleitä tutkitaan ulosteesta, joiden eristämiseksi määrittämiseksi ja tutkimiseksi yhdistellään useita eri menetelmiä. Myös vesikkeleiden leimaamiseen ja kuvaamiseen on kehitetty useita menetelmiä, mutta mikään niistä ei sovellu solunulkoisten vesikkeleiden seurantaan läpäisyelektronimikroskoopilla. Tässä työssä testattiin menetelmää bakteeriperäisten solunulkoisten vesikkeleiden leimaamiseen piparjuuriperoksidaasilla (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). HRP:n havaitsemiseksi menetelmää varten optimoitiin myös diaminobentsidiinireaktio (DAB). Useiden kokeilujen jälkeen sopiva protokolla bakteeriperäisten solunulkoisten vesikkeleiden leimaamiseksi saavutettiin in vitro -olosuhteissa. Onnistuneen leimaamisen seurauksena läpäisyelektronimikroskoopissa nähtiin terävästi reunoiltaan värjäytyneitä bakteeriperäisiä solunulkoisia vesikkeleitä. In vitro -osuuden jälkeen kokeiluja jatkettiin ex vivo -olosuhteissa injektoimalla HRP-leimattuja vesikkeleitä lopetetun hiiren lihakseen. Läpäisyelektronimikroskoopissa lihaksesta tehdyissä ohutleikenäytteissä nähtiin rykelmiä tummaksi värjäytyneitä, vesikkeleitä muistuttavia rakenteita. Tulokset ex vivo -osuudesta olivat lupaavia, mutta vaativat vielä lisätutkimusta tulevaisuudessa

A Diagnostic Study and Treatment Evaluation for the Cleaning of Perry\u27s Victory and International Peace Memorial

To commemorate the naval victory of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry during the War of 1812, a monument known as Perry\u27s Victory and International Peace Memorial was planned and erected on South Bass Island in Lake Erie. Begun in 1912 in the centennial year of Perry\u27s victorious battle, the winning design was a massive Doric column of granite and concrete set in a stepped plaza. Completed in 1915, the memorial remains the largest Doric column actually built. In August of 1981, a conservation study of the memorial column was conducted by the North Atlantic Historic Preservation Center, National Park Service, to evaluate potential techniques for the cleaning of the exterior granite surfaces and to provide information for long-term monitoring of the ambient and internal wall conditions of the column. In order to achieve these goals, an evaluation program was developed based on archival research, field testing, and laboratory analysis for the selection of the most appropriate cleaning and monitoring methods