Prevalence of the cervico-genital Candidiasis among women referred to the health care centers of Shahrekord

در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش غربالگری پاپ اسمیر 14413 زن مراجعه کننده به 27 مرکز بهداشتی شهرستان شهرکرد در فاصله فروردین 1374 تا شهریور 1375 از نظر ابتلا به کاندیدیازیس سرویکوواژینال مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. معیار تشخیص کاندیدیازیس دیدن سلول های مخمری و میسلیوم کاذب در نمونه های پاپ اسمیر زنانی که علائم بالینی کاندیدیازیس یعنی ترشح پنیری شکل و خارش داشته اند، بوده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان می دهد که میزان ابتلاء زنان دارای علائم بالینی در مراکز بهداشتی شهری 2.09 و در زنان دارای علائم بالینی در مراکز بهداشتی روستایی 0.44 می باشد. بکارگیری آزمون آماری Z حاکی از آن است که این اختلاف از نظر آماری معنی دار است (

The output estimation of a DMU to preserve and improvement of the relative efficiency

In this paper, we consider the inverse BCC model is used to estimate output levels of the Decision Making Units (DMUs), when the input levels are changed and maintain the efficiency index for all DMUs. Since the inverse BCC problem is in the form of a multi objective nonlinear programming model (MONLP), which is not easy to solve. Therefore, we propose a linear programming model, which gives a Pareto-efficient solution to the inverse BCC problem. So far, we propose a model for improvement of the current efficiency value for considered DMU. Numerical examples are, also, used to illustrate the proposed approaches

Hemoglobinopathy Approach Diagnosis and Treatment Policy

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common single gene disorders worldwide with a considerable frequency in certain area particularly Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. Hemoglobinopathies include structural variants of hemoglobin (Hb S, Hb C, HbE,...) and thalassaemias which are inherited defects in the globin chains synthesis. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies in western Iranian patients. A total of 344 patients (151 males and 193 females) with abnormal CBC and/or hemoglobin electrophoresis were enrolled in the present study. Cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis was performed for all patients and abnormal bands were identified by citrate agar gel electrophoresis and PCR based methods. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was present in 156 (45.3%) individuals. Thirty four (9.8%) patients had both iron deficiency anemia and α-thalassemia trait trait, 41(11.9%) patients were with both iron deficiency anemia and minor β-thalassemia. There were 31(9%) patients with α-thalassemia trait and 5 (2.2%) patients with Hb H disease. Fifty six (16.2%) patients had minor β-thalassemia. Also, there were 10 (2.9%) individuals homozygous for hemoglobin D-Punjab and one patient with hemoglobin G (0.3%). There was one sample with hemoglobin C. Further, we found 3 patients (0.9%) with sickle cell trait and more 3 patients (0.8%) with S/ β +-thalassemia. Our results indicated that the most frequent cause of hypochromic and/or microcytic anemia in our population was IDA and the minor β-thalassemia was the second cause that needs to more attention in screening programs

Barriers in Teaching Reading to ELLs and Ways of Overcoming Those Obstacles

Reading is one of the language skills, which is imperative in English learning and the requirement for exploring the effect of instructional strategies on instructing reading to the students have elevated in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine what knowledgable and expert teachers of ELLs in the junior high schools make out as the barriers to the reading accomplishment of English students and what are the methods for conquering those barriers. The information were gathered from 60 successful teachers who taught in junior high schools of Zanjan, Iran. The successful educators were identified based on student accomplishment using purposive sampling. A Likert scale was utilized for the questionnaire. The successful teachers sort effective instructional tactics in the five constituent of reading and had the capacity to set up supplementary instructional tactics, barriers, and ways they overwhelmed barriers in an open-ended question on the questionnaire. The study was mixed-method research, which, as stated by Isaac and Michael (1995), is utilized " to explain systematically the realities and the features of a given population or domain of interest, factually and precisely ". The open-ended questions of questionnaire were intended to gather data in regards to barriers and methods for overcoming barriers for instructing reading to English students The findings uncovered that the participants’ thoughts regarding barriers and ways of overcoming those barriers in instructing reading to English students

Role of Genetic Analysis in New Treatments of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Genetics has an important role in the risk stratification and management of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular testing can’t take the place of cytogenetic testing results, but has complementary role to help refine prognosis of the disease, especially within specific AML subgroups. Molecular genetic analysis of CEBPA, NPM1, and FLT3 is already the standard of care in AML patients, and mutations in several additional genes are assuming increasing importance. The French-American-British (FAB) classification and the World Health Organization (WHO) classification are the most classifications for AML. The aim of this chapter is a review on the role of genetic analysis in new treatments of AML

Identificando y priorizando los factores que influyen en el Código de Ética del Arbitraje Deportivo de Irán

The purpose of this research was to compile a sports refereeing ethics code in Iran. The method of the present research was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). A total of 15 experts in the field of refereeing ethics in sports were interviewed by the method of snowball sampling. The results obtained from the interview led to a valid and reliable questionnaire that was randomly distributed among the referees and assistant referees of the Iranian premier leagues of team sports (football, volleyball, handball and basketball) and individual sports (taekwondo, karate, wrestling and swimming), with a total sample of 224 people. Analysis and coding were performed using the softwares Max Kyoda, SPSS and Smart PLS. Research findings showed that 8 themes and 61 sub-themes were extracted in this field, which include the components of behavior, corruption, communication, sociocultural aspect, family, respect, legality and justice, in this order of importance. In general, paying attention to the behavioral and corruption aspects plays an important role in improving the ethical status of sports referees in Iran.El propósito de esta investigación fue compilar un código de ética del arbitraje deportivo en Irán. El método de la presente investigación fue mixto (cualitativo y cuantitativo). Se entrevistó a un total de 15 expertos en el campo de la ética del arbitraje deportivo mediante el método de muestreo de bola de nieve. Los resultados obtenidos en la entrevista dieron lugar a un cuestionario válido y fiable que se distribuyó aleatoriamente entre los árbitros y árbitros asistentes de las principales ligas iraníes de deportes de equipo (fútbol, ​​voleibol, balonmano y baloncesto) y deportes individuales (taekwondo, kárate, lucha libre y natación), con una muestra total de 224 personas. El análisis y la codificación se realizaron utilizando los softwares Max Kyoda, SPSS y Smart PLS. Los hallazgos de la investigación mostraron que en este campo se extrajeron 8 temas y 61 subtemas, que incluyen los componentes de comportamiento, corrupción, comunicación, aspecto sociocultural, familia, respeto, legalidad y justicia, en este orden de importancia. En general, prestar atención a los aspectos de comportamiento y corrupción juega un papel importante en la mejora del estatus ético de los árbitros deportivos en Irán

Isolation and identification of Astragalin and 2-methoxy tyrosol from the bulbs of Allium paradoxum

Introduction: Allium paradoxum is a perennial herb in northern Iran, especially in Mazandaran province. It is locally called “Alezi” and in addition to using as raw vegetable, is also used in the preparation of regional foods. This study was aimed to investigate the main phenolic constituents of the plant.Methods: Bulbs of the plant were extracted respectively by hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9-1) and methanol in a stepwise method with increasing solvent polarity. Methanol extract was then partitioned between water and butanol. Chloroform-methanol and butanol extract constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography and HPLC. Chemical structure of the compounds was elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopy.Results: Phytochemical investigation of A. paradoxum led to the isolation of two main phenolic compounds, a flavonoid glycoside and a tyrosol derivative. The isolated compounds were identified as kaempeferol-3-O-glucoside (1) (Astragalin) and 2-methoxy-2-(4’-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol (2-Methoxy tyrosol) (2).Conclusion: Isolation and identification of astragalin and 2-methoxy tyrosol from A. paradoxum is reported for the first time in this study and provide a chemical basis for the explanation of pharmacological and biological activities attributed to the plant

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. and the evaluation of its sedative and anxiolytic effects in mice

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic effects of the essential oils and hydroalcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (K. odoratissima) in mice by utilizing an elevated plus maze. The chemical composition of its essential oil was also determined. METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction from this plant were administered intraperitoneally to male mice at various doses 30 min before testing. The anxiolytic and sedative effects were determined by an elevated plus maze and locomotor activity tests, respectively. RESULTS: According to the results, none of the administered doses of hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction of K. odoratissima changed the percentage of the time spent or number of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In contrast, the cumulative spontaneous locomotor activity of mice treated with the essential oil or hydroalcoholic extract was significantly decreased. Chemical analysis of the essential oil by Gas chromatography-mass spectromentry (GC-MS) showed that 3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide (85.9%) was the major component. CONCLUSION: These data confirm the sedative properties of K. odoratissima, yet there were no profound anxiolytic effects observed