Paciento įvertintos ir tyrėjo išmatuotos peties raumenų jėgos palyginimas

Sigitas Ryliškis1, Manvilius Kocius1, Robert G Marx2 1 Vilniaus universiteto Reumatologijos, ortopedijos traumatologijos ir rekonstrukcinės chirurgijos klinika Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinės ligoninės Ortopedijos traumatologijos centras, Šiltnamių g. 29, Vilnius LT-04130 2 Specialiosios chirurgijos ligoninės Ortopedijos skyrius, 535 East 70th Street, Niujorkas (NY), Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos El paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Pacientams, sergantiems peties sąnario ir/arba aplinkinių minkštųjų audinių ligomis, peties raumenų jėgos matavimas yra viena iš būtinų klinikinio įvertinimo dalių. Išmatuoti jėgą gali tyrėjas arba pats pacientas. Tyrėjas raumenų jėgą išmatuoja dinamometru, o pacientas, atsakydamas į specialiai suformuluotus klausimus apie tam tikro svorio daiktų kėlimą kasdienėje veikloje, pats išsimatuoja jėgą netiesiogiai. Paciento vertinimas yra paprastesnis, greitas, nereikalauja tyrėjo ir specialios įrangos ir galbūt galėtų pakeisti sudėtingus gydytojo matavimus klinikinėje praktikoje. Šio tyrimo tikslas – palyginti du peties raumenų jėgos matavimo būdus ir nustatyti, ar tyrėjas ir pacientas jėgą matuoja vienodai. Ligoniai ir metodai Perspektyviajame tyrime dalyvavo 108 pacientai, atvykę operacinio gydymo į ligoninę dėl peties sukamųjų raumenų sausgyslių plyšimo. Visiems pacientams pažeisto ir sveiko peties raumenų jėga buvo išmatuota skaitmeniniu dinamometru. Pacientai savo peties raumenų jėgą įvertino patys, atsakydami į tris jėgą matuojančius Paprastojo peties klausimyno klausimus. Statistinei duomenų analizei naudojome tyrėjo išmatuotą peties raumenų jėgą kilogramais (trijų matavimų vidurkius), jėgą vertinančių atskirų klausimų ir visų trijų klausimų atsakymų suminius rezultatus. Tyrėjo ir paciento vertinimų patikimumui nustatyti buvo apskaičiuotas vidinis klasės koreliacijos koeficientas su 95% pasikliautinumo intervalu. Norėdami palyginti du jėgos matavimo būdus, apskaičiavome Spearmano koreliacijos koeficientą. Rezultatai Vertinant tyrėjo matavimų patikimumą buvo gautas 0,951 vidinis klasės koreliacijos koeficientas. Atskiriems jėgą matuojantiems klausimams vidinis klasės koreliacijos koeficientas buvo 0,896, 0,896 ir 0,887, o visų trijų klausimų suminiams rezultatams – 0,952. Tyrėjo išmatuota jėga vidutiniškai koreliavo su atskirų trijų jėgą vertinančių klausimų rezultatais (rho = 0,527, p < 0,001; rho = 0,632, p < 0,001; rho = 0,527, p < 0,001) ir su visų trijų klausimų suminiais rezultatais (rho = 0,702, p < 0,001). Išvada Pacientai, atsakydami į specialiai suformuluotus klausimus, gali patikimai išmatuoti savo peties raumenų jėgą, tačiau šių matavimų tikslumas nėra lygus skaitmeniniu dinamometru išmatuotai jėgai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: peties raumenų jėga, skaitmeninis dinamometras, matavimų patikimumas, Paprastasis peties klausimynas Comparison of patient-based assessment and observer-based measurements of shoulder strength Sigitas Ryliškis1, Manvilius Kocius1, Robert G Marx2 1 Vilnius University Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery Centre of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Vilnius University Emergency Hospital, Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, Lithuania 2 Orthopaedic Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, USA E-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Shoulder strength measurement of the is mandatory in the evaluation of shoulder function in patients with shoulder pathology. We can use observer-based measurements with the digital dynamometer or self-assessment scales with special questions about elevation of different weights in everyday activities. Patient self-assessment is simple and rapid, it requires no observer and special equipment. This method may replace complex observer-based measurements. The purposes of this study were to compare two different shoulder strength evaluation methods and to determine whether the patient-based evaluation equals the observer-based measurements. Materials and methods In the hospital, 108 patients with a rotator cuff injury were prospectively evaluated. Observer-based measurements of the shoulder muscle strength were performed using a digital dynamometer for both injured and healthy shoulders. For the patient-based evaluation we used the strength subscale (three questions) from the shoulder joint specific self-assessment Simple Shoulder Test instrument. For statistical analysis we used observer-based measurements of the strength in kilograms (means of three measurements), results of separate three questions and the total shoulder strength score. The reliability of observer- and patient-based assessments was determined and the two strength evaluation methods were compared. Results The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver reliability was 0.951. The intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability of three separate questions were 0.896, 0.896, 0.887, and the total strength score was 0.952. Observer-based measurements showed a moderate correlation with the results of separate three questions (rho = 0.527, p < 0.001; rho = 0.632, p < 0.001; rho = 0.527, p < 0.001) and with the total shoulder strength score (rho = 0.702, p<0.001). Conclusions Patients can evaluate their shoulder strength in a reliable way using questions from the strength subscale of the self-assessment Simple Shoulder Test. The accuracy of these measures is not equal to the observer-based measures using a digital dynamometer. Key words: shoulder strength, digital dynamometer, questionnaire, reliability, the Simple Shoulder Tes

Predictors and outcomes of crossover to surgery from physical therapy for meniscal tear and osteoarthritis a randomized trial comparing physical therapy and surgery

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) combined with physical therapy (PT) have yielded pain relief similar to that provided by PT alone in randomized trials of subjects with a degenerative meniscal tear. However, many patients randomized to PT received APM before assessment of the primary outcome. We sought to identify factors associated with crossing over to APM and to compare pain relief between patients who had crossed over to APM and those who had been randomized to APM. METHODS: We used data from the MeTeOR (Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research) Trial of APM with PT versus PT alone in subjects ≥45 years old who had mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis and a degenerative meniscal tear. We assessed independent predictors of crossover to APM among those randomized to PT. We also compared pain relief at 6 months among those randomized to PT who crossed over to APM, those who did not cross over, and those originally randomized to APM. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four subjects were randomized to and received APM and 177 were randomized to PT, of whom 48 (27%) crossed over to receive APM in the first 140 days after randomization. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with a higher likelihood of crossing over to APM among those who had originally been randomized to PT included a baseline Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain Score of ≥40 (risk ratio [RR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 3.93) and symptom duration of <1 year (RR = 1.74; 95% CI = 0.98, 3.08). Eighty-one percent of subjects who crossed over to APM and 82% of those randomized to APM had an improvement of ≥10 points in their pain score at 6 months, as did 73% of those who were randomized to and received only PT. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects who crossed over to APM had presented with a shorter symptom duration and greater baseline pain than those who did not cross over from PT. Subjects who crossed over had rates of surgical success similar to those of the patients who had been randomized to surgery. Our findings also suggest that an initial course of rigorous PT prior to APM may not compromise surgical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence

Gigantic mysticete predators roamed the Eocene Southern Ocean

Modern baleen whales (Mysticeti), the largest animals on Earth, arose from small ancestors around 36.4 million years ago (Ma). True gigantism is thought to have arisen late in mysticete history, with species exceeding 10 m unknown prior to 8 Ma. This view is challenged by new fossils from Seymour Island (Isla Marambio), Antarctica, which suggest that enormous whales once roamed the Southern Ocean during the Late Eocene (c. 34 Ma). The new material hints at an unknown species of the archaic mysticete Llanocetus with a total body length of up to 12 m. The latter is comparable to that of extant Omura´s whales (Balaenoptera omurai Wada et al. 2003), and suggests that gigantism has been a re-occurring feature of mysticetes since their very origin. Functional analysis including sharpness and dental wear implies an at least partly raptorial feeding strategy, starkly contrasting with the filtering habit of living whales. The new material markedly expands the size range of archaic mysticetes, and demonstrates that whales achieved considerable disparity shortly after their origin.Fil: Marx, Felix G.. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Directorate Earth and History of Life; Bélgica. Monash University; Australia. Museums Victoria. Geosciences; AustraliaFil: Buono, Mónica Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología; ArgentinaFil: Evans, Alistair R.. Monash University; Australia. Museums Victoria. Geosciences; AustraliaFil: Fordyce, Robert Ewan. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Reguero, Marcelo Alfredo. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Hocking, David P.. Monash University; Australia. Museums Victoria. Geosciences; Australi

Probing Unstable Massive Neutrinos with Current Cosmic Microwave Background Observations

The pattern of anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background depends upon the masses and lifetimes of the three neutrino species. A neutrino species of mass greater than 10 eV with lifetime between 10^{13} sec and 10^{17} sec leaves a very distinct signature (due to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect): the anisotropies at large angles are predicted to be comparable to those on degree scales. Present data exclude such a possibility and hence this region of parameter space. For $m_\nu \simeq 30$ eV, $\tau \simeq 10^{13}$ sec, we find an interesting possibility: the Integrated Sachs Wolfe peak produced by the decaying neutrino in low-$\Omega$ models mimics the acoustic peak expected in an $\Omega = 1$ model.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Comorbid Back Pain in Shoulder Instability: A Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability Cohort Study.

Background:Understanding predictors of pain is critical, as recent literature shows that comorbid back pain is an independent risk factor for worse functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as well as increased opioid dependence after total joint arthroplasty. Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether comorbid back pain would be predictive of pain or self-reported instability symptoms at the time of stabilization surgery. We hypothesized that comorbid back pain will correlate with increased pain at the time of surgery as well as with worse scores on shoulder-related PRO measures. Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods:As part of the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Instability cohort, patients consented to participate in pre- and intraoperative data collection. Demographic characteristics, injury history, preoperative PRO scores, and radiologic and intraoperative findings were recorded for patients undergoing surgical shoulder stabilization. Patients were also asked, whether they had any back pain. Results:The study cohort consisted of 1001 patients (81% male; mean age, 24.1 years). Patients with comorbid back pain (158 patients; 15.8%) were significantly older (28.1 vs 23.4 years; P &lt; .001) and were more likely to be female (25.3% vs 17.4%; P = .02) but did not differ in terms of either preoperative imaging or intraoperative findings. Patients with self-reported back pain had significantly worse preoperative pain and shoulder-related PRO scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index) (P &lt; .001), more frequent depression (22.2% vs 8.3%; P &lt; .001), poorer mental health status (worse scores for the RAND 36-Item Health Survey Mental Component Score, Iowa Quick Screen, and Personality Assessment Screener) (P &lt; .01), and worse preoperative expectations (P &lt; .01). Conclusion:Despite having similar physical findings, patients with comorbid back pain had more severe preoperative pain and self-reported symptoms of instability as well as more frequent depression and lower mental health scores. The combination of disproportionate shoulder pain, comorbid back pain and mental health conditions, and inferior preoperative expectations may affect not only the patient's preoperative state but also postoperative pain control and/or postoperative outcomes

Momentum of an electromagnetic wave in dielectric media

Almost a hundred years ago, two different expressions were proposed for the energy--momentum tensor of an electromagnetic wave in a dielectric. Minkowski's tensor predicted an increase in the linear momentum of the wave on entering a dielectric medium, whereas Abraham's tensor predicted its decrease. Theoretical arguments were advanced in favour of both sides, and experiments proved incapable of distinguishing between the two. Yet more forms were proposed, each with their advocates who considered the form that they were proposing to be the one true tensor. This paper reviews the debate and its eventual conclusion: that no electromagnetic wave energy--momentum tensor is complete on its own. When the appropriate accompanying energy--momentum tensor for the material medium is also considered, experimental predictions of all the various proposed tensors will always be the same, and the preferred form is therefore effectively a matter of personal choice.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX 4. Removed erroneous factor of mu/mu_0 from Eq.(44

Development and evaluation of the modiolar research array – multi-centre collaborative study in human temporal bones

OBJECTIVE: Multi-centre collaborative study to develop and refine the design of a prototype thin perimodiolar cochlear implant electrode array and to assess feasibility for use in human subjects. STUDY DESIGN: Multi-centre temporal bone insertion studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The modiolar research array (MRA) is a thin pre-curved electrode that is held straight for initial insertion with an external sheath rather than an internal stylet. Between November 2006 and February 2009, six iterations of electrode design were studied in 21 separate insertion studies in which 140 electrode insertions were performed in 85 human temporal bones by 12 surgeons. These studies aimed at addressing four fundamental questions related to the electrode concept, being: (1) Could a sheath result in additional intra-cochlear trauma? (2) Could a sheath accommodate variations in cochlea size and anatomies? (3) Could a sheath be inserted via the round window? and (4) Could a sheath be safely removed once the electrode had been inserted? These questions were investigated within these studies using a number of evaluation techniques, including X-ray and microfluoroscopy, acrylic fixation and temporal bone histologic sectioning, temporal bone microdissection of cochlear structures with electrode visualization, rotational tomography, and insertion force analysis. RESULTS: Frequent examples of electrode rotation and tip fold-over were demonstrated with the initial designs. This was typically caused by excessive curvature of the electrode tip, and also difficulty in handling of the electrode and sheath. The degree of tip curvature was progressively relaxed in subsequent versions with a corresponding reduction in the frequency of tip fold-over. Modifications to the sheath facilitated electrode insertion and sheath removal. Insertion studies with the final MRA design demonstrated minimal trauma, excellent perimodiolar placement, and very small electrode dimensions within scala tympani. Force measurements in temporal bones demonstrated negligible force on cochlear structures with angular insertion depths of between 390 and 450°. CONCLUSION: The MRA is a novel, very thin perimodiolar prototype electrode array that has been developed using a systematic collaborative approach. The different evaluation techniques employed by the investigators contributed to the early identification of issues and generation of solutions. Regarding the four fundamental questions related to the electrode concept, the studies demonstrated that (1) the sheath did not result in additional intra-cochlear trauma; (2) the sheath could accommodate variations in cochlea size and anatomies; (3) the sheath was more successfully inserted via a cochleostomy than via the round window; and (4) the sheath could be safely removed once the electrode had been inserted

Calcium Sulfate and Platelet-Rich Plasma make a novel osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration

BACKGROUND: With the present study we introduce a novel and simple biomaterial able to induce regeneration of bone. We theorized that nourishing a bone defect with calcium and with a large amount of activated platelets may initiate a series of biological processes that culminate in bone regeneration. Thus, we engineered CS-Platelet, a biomaterial based on the combination of Calcium Sulfate and Platelet-Rich Plasma in which Calcium Sulfate also acts as an activator of the platelets, therefore avoiding the need to activate the platelets with an agonist. METHODS: First, we tested CS-Platelet in heterotopic (muscle) and orthotopic (bone) bone regeneration bioassays. We then utilized CS-Platelet in a variety of dental and craniofacial clinical cases, where regeneration of bone was needed. RESULTS: The heterotopic bioassay showed formation of bone within the muscular tissue at the site of the implantation of CS-Platelet. Results of a quantitative orthotopic bioassay based on the rat calvaria critical size defect showed that only CS-Platelet and recombinant human BMP2 were able to induce a significant regeneration of bone. A non-human primate orthotopic bioassay also showed that CS-Platelet is completely resorbable. In all human clinical cases where CS-Platelet was used, a complete bone repair was achieved. CONCLUSION: This study showed that CS-Platelet is a novel biomaterial able to induce formation of bone in heterotopic and orthotopic sites, in orthotopic critical size bone defects, and in various clinical situations. The discovery of CS-Platelet may represent a cost-effective breakthrough in bone regenerative therapy and an alternative or an adjuvant to the current treatments

Circulating adrenomedullin estimates survival and reversibility of organ failure in sepsis: the prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 (AdrenOSS-1) study

Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM) regulates vascular tone and endothelial permeability during sepsis. Levels of circulating biologically active ADM (bio-ADM) show an inverse relationship with blood pressure and a direct relationship with vasopressor requirement. In the present prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock 1 (, AdrenOSS-1) study, we assessed relationships between circulating bio-ADM during the initial intensive care unit (ICU) stay and short-term outcome in order to eventually design a biomarker-guided randomized controlled trial. Methods: AdrenOSS-1 was a prospective observational multinational study. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included organ failure as defined by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, organ support with focus on vasopressor/inotropic use, and need for renal replacement therapy. AdrenOSS-1 included 583 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock. Results: Circulating bio-ADM levels were measured upon admission and at day 2. Median bio-ADM concentration upon admission was 80.5 pg/ml [IQR 41.5-148.1 pg/ml]. Initial SOFA score was 7 [IQR 5-10], and 28-day mortality was 22%. We found marked associations between bio-ADM upon admission and 28-day mortality (unadjusted standardized HR 2.3 [CI 1.9-2.9]; adjusted HR 1.6 [CI 1.1-2.5]) and between bio-ADM levels and SOFA score (p &lt; 0.0001). Need of vasopressor/inotrope, renal replacement therapy, and positive fluid balance were more prevalent in patients with a bio-ADM &gt; 70 pg/ml upon admission than in those with bio-ADM ≤ 70 pg/ml. In patients with bio-ADM &gt; 70 pg/ml upon admission, decrease in bio-ADM below 70 pg/ml at day 2 was associated with recovery of organ function at day 7 and better 28-day outcome (9.5% mortality). By contrast, persistently elevated bio-ADM at day 2 was associated with prolonged organ dysfunction and high 28-day mortality (38.1% mortality, HR 4.9, 95% CI 2.5-9.8). Conclusions: AdrenOSS-1 shows that early levels and rapid changes in bio-ADM estimate short-term outcome in sepsis and septic shock. These data are the backbone of the design of the biomarker-guided AdrenOSS-2 trial. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393781. Registered on March 19, 2015