Glauconitic Siltstone: additive for ammonia retention and reduction of nitrogen volatilization loss

Glauconitic siltstone is sedimentary rock used as raw material to produce a multinutrient fertilizer that can combine with urea to increase their agronomic efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate glauconitic siltstone as additive to reduce nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization in nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment used randomized block, in a portion subdivided over time, following a 6 x 8 factorial with four replications and treatments comprising glauconitic siltstone mixture at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1 (control, without the application of nitrogen; conventional urea – 45% N; commercial fertilizer registered with the trade name of Super N®; urea with addition of glauconitic siltstone: 9% N; 20 and 31% N) and the remaining portion divided in the collection time at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 days after fertilizer application. The collection of the volatilized ammonia was made in a semi-opened free static chamber. The use of glauconitic siltstone associated with urea provided a reduction in loss by volatilization from 10 to 27% in relation to conventional urea. The treatments with application of urea with the urease inhibitor showed the lowest volatilization rate and delay in the volatilization peak, which occurred 17 days after fertilizer application. In addition to providing nutrients to the plants, glauconitic siltstone reduces ammonia losses.O siltito glauconítico é uma rocha sedimentar usada como matéria-prima para a produção de um fertilizante multinutriente que pode ser combinado com ureia para aumentar sua eficiência agronômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o siltito glauconítico como aditivo para reduzir perdas de nitrogênio decorrentes da volatilização de amônia de fertilizantes nitrogenados. O experimento utilizou um delineamento de blocos casualizados, em parcela subdividida no tempo, seguindo fatorial 6 x 8 com quatro repetições e tratamentos com uma mistura de siltito glauconítico a uma dose de 100 kg N ha-1 (controle, sem aplicação de nitrogênio; ureia convencional — 45% N; fertilizante comercial registrado com a marca Super N®; ureia com adição de siltito glauconítico: 9% N; 20% e 31% N); e a subparcela dividida no tempo de coleta aos 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 e 30 dias após a aplicação do fertilizante. Para a coleta da amônia volatilizada foi utilizada uma câmara semiaberta livre estática. A utilização do siltito glauconítico associado à ureia proporcionou a redução da perda por volatilização de 10 a 27% em relação à ureia convencional. Os tratamentos com aplicação de ureia com inibidor de urease apresentaram a menor taxa de volatilização e retardo no pico de volatilização, que ocorreu aos 17 dias após a aplicação dos fertilizantes. Além de fornecer nutrientes para as plantas, o siltito glauconítico reduz as perdas de amônia

Use of SPAD-502 in the evaluation of chlorophyll contents and nutritional status of herbaceous cotton to nitrogen, sulphur, iron and manganese

A aplicação do medidor indireto de clorofila SPAD-502 tem sido estudada para diversas culturas e com resultados satisfatórios, para predição do estado nutricional de nitrogênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o emprego do SPAD-502 na avaliação dos teores foliares de clorofila, N, S, Fe e Mn, em algodão herbáceo, cultivado em casa de vegetação. Foram instalados quatro experimentos, e foram estudadas doses de N (1,5, 7,5, 15 e 22,5 mM L-1), S (0,2, 1, 2 e 3 mM L-1), Fe (10, 50, 100 e 150 mmol L-1) e Mn (10, 50, 100 e 150 mmol L-1), equivalentes em todos os casos a 0,1, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 vez a concentração normal da solução Hoagland & Arnon, respectivamente. A clorofila a se relaciona mais fortemente com as leituras SPAD do que as clorofilas b. As leituras SPAD correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com os teores foliares de N e negativamente com os de S. Os teores foliares de Fe e Mn não apresentaram correlação com as leituras SPAD.The application of indirect meter of chlorophyll SPAD-502 has been studied for several cultures and with satisfactory results in evaluation of the nutritional state of nitrogen. This work aimed at evaluating the employment of SPAD-502 in the leaf content analysis of chlorophyll, N, S, Fe and Mn in herbaceous cotton under greenhouse conditions. Four experiments were installed to study doses of N (1.5, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 mM L-1), S (0.2, 1, 2 and 3 mM L-1), Fe (10, 50, 100 and 150 µmol L-1) and Mn (10, 50, 100 and 150 µmol L-1), equivalent in all cases to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 times the normal concentration of the solution Hoagland & Arnon, respectively. The SPAD index had a better correlation with chlorophyll a than with clorophyll b. The SPAD indexes were positively correlated to N leaf content and negatively correlated to S. Leaf contents of Fe and Mn did not correlate to SPAD index

Viabilidade da inoculação líquida com Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura do feijoeiro-comum

The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of liquid medium inoculation of Rhizobium etli in the planting furrow and to certify the efficiency of its strain UFLA 02-100 as a potential inoculant for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The treatments consisted of three application rates of liquid inoculant applied in the planting furrows and one rate applied in common bean seed, besides two controls without inoculation. The inoculant contained 109 cells of Rhizobium etli mL-1. Regardless of the application method, the yield obtained with the inoculation was equivalent to that of N from urea; however, the application in the furrows, at 0.6 L ha‑1, is more advantageous due to the operational practicality and reduced costs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da inoculação líquida de Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura e certificar a eficiência da estirpe UFLA 02-100 como inoculante potencial para o feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses do inoculante líquido aplicadas aos sulcos e uma dose aplicada às sementes de feijão-comum, além de dois controles sem inoculação. O inoculante continha 109 células de Rhizobium etli mL-1. Independentemente do método de aplicação, a produtividade obtida com a inoculação foi equivalente à da aplicação de N da ureia, mas a aplicação ao sulco, com 0,6 L ha-1, é mais vantajosa pela praticidade operacional e redução de custos.

BRSMG Realce: Common bean cultivar with striped grains for the state of Minas Gerais

The common bean cultivar “BRSMG Realce”, recommended for the state of Minas Gerais, has high yield potential and resistance to powdery mildew, bacterial wilt and to anthracnose pathotypes 65, 73, 77, 81, 91, 475 and 479. The plants and pods are high, resulting in lower loss during mechanical harves

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Glauconitic Siltstone: additive for ammonia retention and reduction of nitrogen volatilization loss

Glauconitic siltstone is sedimentary rock used as raw material to produce a multinutrient fertilizer that can combine with urea to increase their agronomic efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate glauconitic siltstone as additive to reduce nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization in nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment used randomized block, in a portion subdivided over time, following a 6 x 8 factorial with four replications and treatments comprising glauconitic siltstone mixture at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1 (control, without the application of nitrogen; conventional urea – 45% N; commercial fertilizer registered with the trade name of Super N®; urea with addition of glauconitic siltstone: 9% N; 20 and 31% N) and the remaining portion divided in the collection time at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 days after fertilizer application. The collection of the volatilized ammonia was made in a semi-opened free static chamber. The use of glauconitic siltstone associated with urea provided a reduction in loss by volatilization from 10 to 27% in relation to conventional urea. The treatments with application of urea with the urease inhibitor showed the lowest volatilization rate and delay in the volatilization peak, which occurred 17 days after fertilizer application. In addition to providing nutrients to the plants, glauconitic siltstone reduces ammonia losses

Avaliação de genótipos de trigo em ambientes contrastantes quanto à disponibilidade hídrica

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de cultivares e linhagens de trigo, cultivados sob condição normal de irrigação (sem estresse) e em condições de sequeiro (com estresse hídrico), visando a recomendação desses materiais, para as condições ambientais do cerrado mineiro. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos municípios de Patos de Minas e Rio Paranaíba, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com 14 genótipos. A análise conjunta demonstrou efeito significativo para todas as fontes de variação ao avaliar o caráter peso hectolítrico e não houve efeito significativo entre os genótipos ao avaliar rendimento de grãos. As linhagens EP 062043, EP 063030 e EP 063053 apresentaram menor risco considerando o peso hectolitrico em todos os ambientes considerados, a cultivar BRS 264 se destacou apenas no ambiente favorável e a cultivar MGS Brilhante e a linhagem EP 064021 apenas no ambiente desfavorável, classificados segundo o método de Annichiarico. Quanto a rendimento de grãos a linhagem EP 063053 demonstrou ser a de menor risco. A cultivar MGS1 Aliança e as linhagens EP 063053, EP 066055 e EP 063044 foram mais estáveis no ambiente desfavorável, demonstrando características desejáveis para serem recomendados para cultivo de sequeiro no estado de Minas Gerais

PERFORMANCE OF COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AND PLANT POPULATIONS

This study aimed to identify the most suitable plant populations, considering different environmental conditions, to express the yield potential of common bean cultivars released or in the process of releasing for regions not included in the initial release. Forty-four experiments were carried out from November 2016 to March 2019, encompassing wet, dry, and winter seasons, across the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Five plant populations established at sowing (12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 plants m⁻²) were compared in a randomized block design with four replications, using the cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai. Across winter season experiments, the BRS FC310 cultivar consistently displayed higher yield than the others at all plant populations. In contrast, the BRSMG Uai cultivar exhibited the highest yield during the wet season. The maximum grain yields of the three cultivars were higher in the wet than in the winter season and obtained with higher plant populations. Cultivars BRS FC310, BRS FC409, and BRSMG Uai maximized grain yield with, respectively, 28.4, 25.4, and 26.2 plants m⁻² at harvest time in the wet season, and 20.4, 14.0, and 15.2 plants m⁻² in the winter season.O estudo teve como objetivo identificar populações de plantas mais adequadas, frente a diferentes condições ambientais, para expressar o potencial produtivo de cultivares de feijoeiro recentemente lançadas ou em processo de extensão de lançamento para outras regiões não contempladas no lançamento inicial. Foram conduzidos 44 experimentos, entre novembro de 2016 e março de 2019, nas épocas das águas, da seca e de inverno, em Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Foram comparadas, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, cinco populações de plantas estabelecidas na semeadura, 12; 18; 24; 30 e 36 plantas m-2, usando as cultivares BRS FC310, BRS FC409 e BRSMG Uai. A cultivar BRS FC310 foi mais produtiva que as demais em todas as populações de plantas nos experimentos conduzidos durante a época de inverno e a cultivar BRSMG Uai foi a mais produtiva na época das águas. As produtividades máximas das três cultivares na época das águas foram superiores às observadas na época de inverno e foram obtidas com maiores populações finais de plantas. As cultivares BRS FC310, BRS FC409 e BRSMG Uai maximizaram a produtividade com, respectivamente, 28,4; 25,4 e 26,2 plantas m-2 por ocasião da colheita, na época das águas, e 20,4; 14,0 e 15,2 plantas m-2, na época de inverno