ENSAYOS ECOFEMINISTAS DEL NUEVO MILENIO: LA PERSPECTIVA SITUADA DE DONNA HARAWAY

El ensayo aborda el concepto Cyborg de Donna Haraway aplicado a la epistemología feminista y los estudiosconstructivistas de la Ciencia en el cambio de milenio. Realiza una caracterización semiótica de las cienciasnaturales y las identidades construidas por ellas como “prácticas narrativas” en la que resulta nuclear lareapropiación de la idea de naturaleza por distintos agentes humanos. “No nacemos mujeres”, dirá Haraway(parafraseando a Beauvoir), pero las identidades creadas en las prácticas científico-tecnológicas se encarnanen los sujetos y los objetos produciendo consecuencias sociales. La dicotomía sexo-género es artificial ymoderna como la establecida entre naturaleza y cultura, biología y sociedad, recurso y producto,encontrándose configurada por relaciones de producción contextualizadas que son resultado de las cienciasnaturales y sociales, y de su historia. Las dicotomías son superadas en la epistemología monistaposhumanista, en el que el sujeto es un ensamblaje móvil en un espacio de vida compartido que atraviesa encomunidad. Es una entidad transversal inmersa e inmanente a una red de relaciones no humanas (animales,vegetales, virales). Se encuentra conectado a una vasta gama de eco-otros que incluye el artefactotecnológico. En este contexto la metáfora del cyborg se construye en una herramienta política auténticamenteemancipadora. ECOFEMINIST ESSAYS OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM: THE SITUATED PERSPECTIVE OF DONNA HARAWAYAbstractThe essay addresses the Cyborg concept of Donna Haraway applied to feminist epistemology and theconstructivist studies of Science at the turn of the millennium. She makes a semiotic characterization andrefers to the identities constructed by them as "narrative practices" in which the reappropriation of the idea ofnature by different human agents is nuclear. We are not born women, Haraway will say (paraphrasingBeauvoir), but identities created in scientific-technological practices are incarnated in subjects and objectsproducing social consequences. The sex-gender dichotomy is artificial and modern as established betweennature and culture, biology and society, resource and product, being configured by contextualized productionrelationships that are the result of the natural and social sciences, and their history. The dichotomies areovercome in the post-humanistic monist epistemology, in which the subject is a mobile assembly in a spaceof shared life that goes through in community. It is a transverse entity immersed and immanent to a networkof non-human relationships (animals, plants, viruses). It is connected to a vast range of eco-others thatincludes the technological artifact. In this context the metaphor of the cyborg is constructed in an authenticallyemancipating political tool.Key words: cyborg; feminist epistemology; scientific technological practices; sex-gender dichotomy;posthumanis

El derecho y la cultura en América Latina y el Caribe desde el viraje decolonial

Este ensayo intenta de-velar el papel del derecho en la cultura des-cubriendo el diseño jurídico moderno que legitima la conquista del “Nuevo Mundo” como proyecto civilizatorio y movimiento del ser en el sentido hegeliano, proyecto que se materializa en un primer momento en las colonias y persiste en nuestros días a través del dominio económico político, epistemológico y subjetivo (colonialidad del poder, del saber y del ser) de las potencias hegemónicas mundiales sobre las regiones subalternizadas. El análisis se sitúa en nuestra América, esto es, Latinoamérica y el Caribe, sin por ello reconocer que el mismo fenómeno acaece en las otrora colonias de Asia y África

Teorías del Poder desde la perspectiva de feministas estadounidenses

En el presente se indaga sobre el poder desde una perspectiva feminista y desde la perspectiva de las autoras estadounidenses Amy Allen y Judith Squires entendido en dos variantes como poder sobre y poder para. Poder como recurso y poder como dominación, son formas de poder entendido como “poder sobre”., mientras que poder como cuidado y poder como libertad femenina son formas de interpretar el poder como “poder para”. Mientras el poder sobre limita las posibilidades de otras personas o grupos el poder para capacita, transforma, potencia. Se identifican las corrientes feministas que adhieren a diversas variantes del poder y la progresión del poder sobre hacia el poder para efectuado por el feminismo a partir de los noventa con la relectura de la idea de poder vinculado a la comunidad llevado a cabo por Hannah Arendt. Theories of Power from the Perspective of American Feminists AbstractCurrently, power is inquired from a feminist perspective and from the perspective of the American authors Amy Allen and Judith Squires, understood in two variants as power over and power for. Power as a resource and power as domination are forms of power understood as “power over”, while power as care and power as female freedom are ways of interpreting power as “power to”. While power over limits the possibilities of other people or groups, power to train, transform, power. The feminist currents that adhere to various variants of power and the progression from power over to power to carried out by feminism from the nineties with the rereading of the idea of power linked to the community carried out by Hannah Arendt are identified.Keywords: Power, feminism, resource, domination, empowerment, affidamento, power, authority

Enhancement of cruzipain activity by quinoxaline derivatives: an attempt to explain it by molecular dynamics studies

The design of cruzipain (CZP) inhibitors, a key protease in the life cycle of the Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, constitutes one of the strategies for the search of antichagasic agents. In this context, we have proposed, through docking and MPBSA studies, quinoxalinic compounds that could be inhibitors of the enzyme. These compounds were designed through its possible interaction in a site (AS2) close to S2 region. This site has been indicated as a target for antichagasic drug design.1 Numerous derivatives were synthesized and evaluated on endogenous CZP, using as substrate Z-FR-AMC. All the evaluated compounds were inactive until concentrations of 10-4 M, but in major concentrations they increased considerably the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Although these results did not lead to the expected inhibitory effect, they seemed to indicate that the designed compounds interacted with the enzyme according to that predicted by the computational studies. In order to shed light the experimental results in a molecular approach, we decided to extend the theoretical studies using molecular dynamics simulations, to evaluate greater degrees of freedom and collective interactions of the system. We studied the behaviour of the enzyme in the absence and presence of a quinoxaline derivative, a recognized inhibitor and a substrate. The studies carried out, allow us to understand the experimental results, based on structural and differential changes of the enzyme in different points of the active site, for each type of compound tested. These changes compromise the geometry of the catalytic site. In the particular case of quinoxaline, the conformation of the enzyme stabilized is similar as that in the presence of substrate, allowing a molecular approximation to the experimental results obtained.Fil: Martini, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Fabian, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Moglioni, Albertina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaDrug Discovery for Neglected Diseases International Congress 2018CABAArgentinaUniversidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármac

Functional role of water in membranes updated: A tribute to Träuble

The classical view of a cell membrane is as a hydrophobic slab in which only nonpolar solutes can dissolve and permeate. However, water-soluble non-electrolytes such as glycerol, erythritol, urea and others can permeate lipid membranes in the liquid crystalline state. Moreover, recently polar amino acid's penetration has been explained by means of molecular dynamics in which appearance of water pockets is postulated. According to Träuble (1971), water diffuses across the lipid membranes by occupying holes formed in the lipid matrix due to fluctuations of the acyl chain trans-gauche isomers. These holes, named "kinks" have the molecular dimension of CH2 vacancies. The condensation of kinks may form aqueous spaces into which molecular species of the size of low molecular weight can dissolve. This molecular view can explain permeability properties considering that water may be distributed along the hydrocarbon chains in the lipid matrix. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the mechanism anticipated by Träuble by discussing recent data in literature that directly correlates the molecular state of methylene groups of the lipids with the state of water in each of them. In addition, the structural properties of water near the lipid residues can be related with the water activity triggering kink formation by changes in the head group conformation that induces the propagation along the acyl chains and hence to the diffusion of water.Fil: Disalvo, Edgardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Pinto, Oscar Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Martini, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Bouchet, Ana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Hollmann, Axel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Frías, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentin

Evaluation of the Defay-Prigogine model for the membrane interphase in relation to biological response in membrane-protein interactions

Surface water activity appears as a common factor when the interaction of several aqueous soluble and surface active proteins with lipid membranes of different composition is measured by the changes in surface pressure of a lipid monolayer. The perturbation of the lipid surface caused by aqueous soluble proteins depends on the composition of the hydrocarbon phases, either modified by unsaturated bonds in the acyl chains or by inclusion of cholesterol. The cut-off (critical) surface pressure in monolayers, at which no effect of the proteins is found, is related to the composition of the head group region. The perturbation of surface pressure is produced by proteins when the area per lipid is above just 4% larger than that corresponding to the hydration shell of the phospholipid head groups found in the cut -off. This area excess gives place to regions in which the chemical potential of water changes with respect to bulk water. According to the Defay-Prigogine relation this interfacial water activity is the reason of the surface pressure increase induced by aqueous soluble proteins injected in the subphase. As predicted by solution chemistry, the increase of surface pressure is independent of the protein nature but depends on the water surface state determined by the lipid composition.Fil: Disalvo, Edgardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentina;Fil: Hollmann, Axel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Laboratorio de Microbiologia Molecular; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentina;Fil: Semorile, Liliana Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina;Fil: Martini, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina

V-shape" molecular configuration of wax esters of jojoba oil in a Langmuir film model

The aim of the present work was to understand the interfacial properties of a complex mixture of wax esters (WEs) obtained from Jojoba oil (JO). Previously, on the basis of molecular area measurements, a hairpin structure was proposed as the hypothetical configuration of WEs, allowing their organization as compressible monolayers at the air-water interface. In the present work, we contributed with further experimental evidence by combining surface pressure (π), surface potential (ΔV), and PM-IRRAS measurements of JO monolayers and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) on a modified JO model. WEs were self-assembled in Langmuir films. Compression isotherms exhibited π lift-off at 100 Å 2 /molecule mean molecular area (A lift-off ) and a collapse point at π c ≈ 2.2 mN/m and A c ≈ 77 Å 2 /molecule. The ΔV profile reflected two dipolar reorganizations, with one of them at A > A lift-off due to the release of loosely bound water molecules and another one at A c < A < A lift-off possibly due to reorientations of a more tightly bound water population. This was consistent with the maximal SP value that was calculated according to a model that considered two populations of oriented water and was very close to the experimental value. The orientation of the ester group that was assumed in that calculation was coherent with the PM-IRRAS behavior of the carbonyl group with the C=O oriented toward the water and the C-O oriented parallel to the surface and was in accordance with their orientational angles (∼45 and ∼90°, respectively) determined by MD simulations. Taken together, the present results confirm a V shape rather than a hairpin configuration of WEs at the air-water interface.Fil: Caruso, Benjamin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Cátedra de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Martini, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Pickholz, Mónica Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Perillo, Maria Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Cátedra de Química Biológica; Argentin

Filling gaps in the knowledge of melittin on lipid membranes

Melittin (ML) is a small peptide of 26 residues rich in arginine (Arg) and lysine (Lys). Several studies have been done to understand the mechanism of interaction with neutral and negatively charged lipids. However, it is not known with certainty how this interaction depends on the electrostatic or hydrophobic forces according to the composition of the membrane, nor with the different organization of lipids on the membrane, such as the microdomains that could take place in it. Therefore, comparative studies of the interaction and the effect of ML with respect to cationic peptides (Arg-7 and Lys-5) were conducted to get a deeper insight of the ML interaction mechanism with membranes. In this regard, measurements of zeta potential of different model membranes (DOPC, DMPC and DMPE liposomes) in the presence of the peptides, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. In the special case of DMPC, we worked in its gel like-ripple phase, in order to analyzed defects of packing that potentially expose hydrocarbon regions. In relation with experimental results, molecular analysis of ML interaction with zwiterionic lipid membrane in its ripple phase was performed by unbiased molecular dynamics simulations. The results allow us to remark that ML penetration is favored in the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition in zwitterionic lipids. The importance of this study lies in the understanding of the first stages of action of the ML in eukaryotic membranes, in model systems of its main lipid composition.Fil: Elias Tissera, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Disalvo, Edgardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Martini, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología. Cátedra de Química Medicinal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Cutró, Andrea Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; Argentin

El género textual etiqueta de producto agroquímico desde un abordaje de análisis multinivel: descripción e implicancias pedagógicas para cursos de IFE

Pesticide labels constitute a common textual genre in the domain of the Agronomic Sciences, both in professional and academic contexts. This paper presents the description of the genre on the basis of a multilevel analysis of 41 pesticide labels written in English and available online. The findings show the complex nature of the genre. The analysis evidenced the heterogeneity of the potential readership and of the contexts where the genre circulates. In terms of function, the analysis revealed the preponderance of the prescriptive function, together with the subsidiary functions of informing and contacting. In addition, the analysis showed an increasing standardization of pesticide labels to adjust them to international regulations. Different types of semantic and formal resources were identified that serve the purpose of making labels more accessible to readers. Among the formal elements found, the use of the simple present tense, passive voice and modal verbs are to be highlighted as well as the presence of several paratextual resources. It is possible to conclude that the multilevel analysis frame proved to be a useful tool for the description and that the results of the study can have direct pedagogical implications for ESP courses in the field of the aforementioned Sciences.Las etiquetas de productos agroquímicos constituyen un género discursivo de gran circulación en los ámbitos profesionales y académicos relacionados con las Ciencias Agronómicas. Este trabajo presenta la descripción del género basándose en el análisis multinivel de 41 etiquetas en inglés y disponibles en línea. Del análisis se deriva la naturaleza compleja del género en sus diferentes niveles. Entre los hallazgos se puede remarcar la heterogeneidad de potenciales lectores del género y de los contextos de circulación, la preponderancia de la función prescriptiva del género sobre las funciones informativa y la de contacto, y la creciente estandarización de los textos para ajustarlos a normas internacionales. Asimismo, se observaron diferentes tipos de adecuaciones desde lo semántico y formal para hacer los textos más accesibles a los lectores. Con respecto a los recursos formales, se destacan, entre otros, el uso del tiempo presente del indicativo, el uso de la voz pasiva y de los verbos modales y la presencia de distintos recursos paratextuales que sustancian las funciones del género. Se desprende del estudio, la utilidad del marco de análisis usado y las implicancias pedagógicas de los hallazgos en cursos con orientación IFE

Stevia Genus: Phytochemistry and Biological Activities Update

The Stevia genus (Asteraceae) comprises around 230 species, distributed from the southern United States to the South American Andean region. Stevia rebaudiana, a Paraguayan herb that produces an intensely sweet diterpene glycoside called stevioside, is the most relevant member of this genus. Apart from S. rebaudiana, many other species belonging to the Stevia genus are considered medicinal and have been popularly used to treat different ailments. The members from this genus produce sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenes, longipinanes, and flavonoids as the main types of phytochemicals. Many pharmacological activities have been described for Stevia extracts and isolated compounds, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities being the most frequently mentioned. This review aims to present an update of the Stevia genus covering ethnobotanical aspects and traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the extracts and isolated compounds.Fil: Borgo, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Laurella, Laura Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Martini, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Catalán, Cesar A. N.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Orgánica; ArgentinaFil: Sülsen, Valeria Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentin