Quespillo et ses compagnons : la figure du gracioso dans le théâtre quechua colonial

Personnage-type incontournable du théâtre du Siècle d’Or espagnol, le gracioso figure dans toutes les pièces connues du répertoire dramatique en langue quechua du Cuzco colonial. Écrits par des curés, ces drames étaient destinés à être représentés devant les élites indigènes, qui en étaient vraisemblablement les commanditaires. Cet article se propose de contribuer à la réflexion pluridisciplinaire sur les processus de reconstruction identitaire de la population autochtone à l’époque coloniale, en s’intéressant aux modalités de cette opération de transfert culturel et à ses acteurs qui, en s’appropriant la figure du gracioso, élaborèrent une image susceptible de faire sens dans l’univers symbolique andin.Personaje-tipo indispensable del teatro del Siglo de Oro español, el gracioso figura en todas las piezas conocidas del repertorio dramático en lengua quechua del Cuzco colonial. Estos dramas, escritos por sacerdotes, estaban destinados a ser representados frente a las élites indígenas, quienes eran probablemente los patrocinadores. Este artículo propone contribuir a la reflexión pluridisciplinaria sobre los procesos de reconstrucción identitaria de la población indígena durante la época colonial, centrándose particularmente en las modalidades de esta operación de transferencia cultural y en sus actores, que se apropiaron de la figura del gracioso para elaborar una imagen que tuviera sentido en el universo simbólico andino.Essential character-type of the Spanish theatre during the Golden Age, the gracioso can be found in all known pieces of dramatic repertoire in Quechua language of the colonial Cuzco. These dramas, written by priests, were destined to be shown in front of the indigenous elite, who were probably the sponsors. This article contributes to the multidisciplinary thought that concentrates on the reconstruction process of native identity during the colonial era, focusing on the methods of this cultural transfer and its actors who, using the gracioso figure, developed an image which was able to have a significance in the symbolic universe of the Andes

Tupac Yupanqui ou le modèle du prince parfait. Étude de l’autre protagoniste d’Ollantay

Le monde évoqué dans Ollantay est l’ancien Tawantinsuyu. Cependant le drame est doublement ancré dans l’Histoire : celle qui fournit son cadre à l’action de la pièce et celle de l’époque de sa composition, le dernier quart du XVIIIe siècle. Cet article se propose d’analyser le rôle-clé joué par le personnage du jeune Inca Tupac Yupanqui, en tant qu’intermédiaire entre ces deux périodes historiques. Figure emblématique de la civilisation inca, Tupac Yupanqui est aussi représentatif d’une certaine « thématique d’époque », dans laquelle convergent des mythes politiques locaux, élaborés par le mouvement néo-inca et liés aux revendications de l’élite indigène et créole du Cuzco, et des thèmes apportés par des courants esthétiques et philosophiques d’origine européenne.El mundo evocado en Ollantay es el antiguo Tawantinsuyu. Empero el drama bebe a dos fuentes históricas: la que proporciona su escenario a la obra dramática y la de su composición, el último cuarto del siglo XVIII. Este artículo se propone analizar el papel fundamental desempeñado por el personaje del Inca joven, Tupac Yupanqui, como intermediario entre estos dos períodos históricos. Figura emblemática de la civilización inca, Tupac Yupanqui también es representativo de cierta «temática de época», en la cual convergen mitos políticos locales, elaborados por el movimiento neo-inca y vinculados con las reivindicaciones de las élites indígena y criolla del Cuzco, y temas traídos por corrientes estéticas y filosóficas de origen europeo.The world evoked in Ollantay is that of ancient Tawantinsuyu. However the drama is doubly anchored in history. The first stems from the framework of the dramatic action and the second relates to the time of its composition during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. This paper offers a study of the key role played by the character of young Inca Tupac Yupanqui as a mediator between these two historical periods. As a symbolic figure of the Inca civilization, Tupac Yupanqui is also representative of a certain “theme of an era”, in which there converge several local political myths, elaborated by the neo-inca movement and connected to the demands of the native and creole elite of Cuzco. Some themes were brought by aesthetic and philosophical currents of European origi

Interdisciplinary expert consensus on management of type B intramural haematoma and penetrating aortic ulcer

An expert panel on the treatment of type B intramural haematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) consisting of cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists reviewed the literature to develop treatment algorithms using a consensus method. Data from 46 studies considered relevant were retrieved for a total of 1386 patients consisting of 925 with IMH, and 461 with PAU. The weighted mean 30-day mortality from IMH was 3.9%, 3-year aortic event-related mortality with medical treatment 5.4%, open surgery 23.2% and endovascular therapy 7.1%. In patients with PAU early and 3-year aortic event-mortality rates with open surgery were 15.9 and 25.0%, respectively, and with TEVAR were 7.2 and 10.4%, respectively. According to panel consensus statements, haemodynamic instability, persistent pain, signs of impending rupture and progressive periaortic haemorrhage in two successive imaging studies require immediate surgical or endovascular treatment. In the absence of these complications, medical treatment is warranted, with imaging control at 7 days, 3 and 6 months and annually thereafter. In the chronic phase, aortic diameter >55 mm or a yearly increase ≥5 mm should be considered indications for open surgery or thoracic endovascular treatment, with the latter being preferred. In complicated type B aortic PAU and IMH, endovascular repair is the best treatment option in the presence of suitable anatom

Benefit-risk profile of cytoreductive drugs along with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms

We analyzed 597 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) who presented transient ischemic attacks (TIA, n = 270) or ischemic stroke (IS, n = 327). Treatment included aspirin, oral anticoagulants, and cytoreductive drugs. The composite incidence of recurrent TIA and IS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death was 4.21 and 19.2%, respectively at one and five years after the index event, an estimate unexpectedly lower than reported in the general population. Patients tended to replicate the first clinical manifestation (hazard ratio, HR: 2.41 and 4.41 for recurrent TIA and IS, respectively); additional factors for recurrent TIA were previous TIA (HR: 3.40) and microvascular disturbances (HR: 2.30); for recurrent IS arterial hypertension (HR: 4.24) and IS occurrence after MPN diagnosis (HR: 4.47). CV mortality was predicted by age over 60 years (HR: 3.98), an index IS (HR: 3.61), and the occurrence of index events after MPN diagnosis (HR: 2.62). Cytoreductive therapy was a strong protective factor (HR: 0.24). The rate of major bleeding was similar to the general population (0.90 per 100 patient-years). In conclusion, the long-term clinical outcome after TIA and IS in MPN appears even more favorable than in the general population, suggesting an advantageous benefit-risk profile of antithrombotic and cytoreductive treatment

Correlative analyses of RET and RAS mutations in a phase 3 trial of cabozantinib in patients with progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer

BACKGROUND: Cabozantinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus a placebo in patients with progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC; P <.001). An exploratory analysis of phase 3 trial data evaluated the influence of rearranged during transfection (RET) and RAS (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) mutations on cabozantinib clinical activity. METHODS: Patients (n = 330) were randomized to cabozantinib (140 mg/day) or a placebo. The primary endpoint was PFS. Additional outcome measures included PFS, objective response rates (ORRs), and adverse events in RET and RAS mutation subgroups. RESULTS: Among all study patients, 51.2% were RET mutation–positive (38.2% with RET M918T), 34.8% were RET mutation–unknown, and 13.9% were RET mutation–negative. Sixteen patients were RAS mutation–positive. Cabozantinib appeared to prolong PFS versus the placebo in the RET mutation–positive subgroup (hazard ratio [HR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.38; P <.0001), the RET mutation–unknown subgroup (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16-0.57; P =.0001), and the RAS mutation–positive subgroup (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-1.10; P =.0317). The RET M918T subgroup achieved the greatest observed PFS benefit from cabozantinib versus the placebo (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08-0.28; P <.0001). The ORRs for RET mutation–positive, RET mutation–negative, and RAS mutation–positive patients were 32%, 22%, and 31%, respectively. No PFS benefit was observed in patients lacking both RET and RAS mutations, although the ORR was 21%. The safety profile for all subgroups was similar to that for the overall cabozantinib arm. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that cabozantinib provides the greatest clinical benefit to patients with MTC who have RET M918T or RAS mutations. However, a prospective trial is needed to confirm the relation between genetic variation and the response to cabozantinib. Cancer 2016;122:3856–3864. © 2016 American Cancer Society

Efficacy and Safety of Fezolinetant in Moderate-to-Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 RCT.

CONTEXT Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are common, bothersome, and can persist for years before and after menopause. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess efficacy/safety of fezolinetant for treatment of moderate-to-severe VMS associated with menopause. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week (W) phase 3 trial with a 40W active treatment extension (NCT04003142; SKYLIGHT 2) women aged 40-65 years with minimum average 7 moderate-to-severe VMS/day were randomized to 12 weeks' once-daily placebo, fezolinetant 30 mg, or fezolinetant 45 mg. Completers were rerandomized to fezolinetant 30/45 mg for 40 additional weeks. Coprimary efficacy endpoints were mean daily change from baseline to W4 and W12 in VMS frequency and severity. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Both fezolinetant doses statistically significantly reduced VMS frequency/severity at W4 and W12 vs placebo. For VMS frequency, W4 least squares mean (SE) reduction vs placebo: fezolinetant 30 mg, -1.82 (0.46; P < .001); 45 mg, -2.55 (0.46; P < .001); W12: 30 mg, -1.86 (0.55; P < .001); 45 mg, -2.53 (0.55; P < .001). For VMS severity, W4: 30 mg, -0.15 (0.06; P<.05); 45 mg, -0.29 (0.06; P < .001); W12: 30 mg, -0.16 (0.08; P <.05); 45 mg, -0.29 (0.08; P < .001). Improvement in VMS frequency and severity was observed by W1; maintained through W52. Serious TEAEs were infrequent; these were reported by 2%, 1%, and 0% of those receiving fezolinetant 30 mg, fezolinetant 45 mg, and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Daily fezolinetant 30 mg and 45 mg were efficacious and well-tolerated for treating moderate-to-severe VMS associated with menopause