Pang and Lambourn Hydrometric Review 2009

This Review covers the streamflow, soil water, groundwater and weather data collected from the hydrological infrastructure networks in the Pang and Lambourn catchments. The period covered here is primarily for the calendar year 2009, but because the dataset extends back nearly a decade the earlier years are included in some of the graphs and accompanying text to provide a longer term context

Spatially resolved observations of warm ionized gas and feedback in local ULIRGs

We present VLT/VIMOS-IFU emission-line spectroscopy of a volume limited sample of 18 southern ULIRGs selected with z<0.09 and dec<10. By covering a wide range of ULIRG types, this dataset provides an important set of templates for comparison with high-redshift galaxies. We employed an automated Gaussian line fitting program to decompose the emission line profiles of Halpha, [NII], [SII], and [OI] into individual components, and chart the Halpha kinematics, and the ionized gas excitations and densities. 11/18 of our galaxies show evidence for outflowing warm ionized gas with speeds between 500 and a few 1000 km/s, with the fastest outflows associated with systems that contain an AGN. Our spatially resolved spectroscopy has allowed us to map the outflows, and in some cases determine for the first time to which nucleus the wind is associated. In three of our targets we find line components with widths >2000 km/s over spatially extended regions in both the recombination and forbidden lines; in two of these three, they are associated with a known Sy2 nucleus. Eight galaxies have clear rotating gaseous disks, and for these we measure rotation velocities, virial masses, and calculate Toomre Q parameters. We find radial gradients in the emission line ratios in a significant number of systems in our study. We attribute these gradients to changes in ionizing radiation field strength, most likely due to an increasing contribution of shocks with radius. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the results for each individual system, with reference to the existing literature. Our observations demonstrate that the complexity of the kinematics and gas properties in ULIRGs can only be disentangled with high sensitivity, spatially resolved IFU observations. Many of our targets are ideal candidates for future high spatial resolution follow-up observations.Comment: 44 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted to MNRA

Extended RBAC with role attributes

Though RBAC has been researched for many years as a current dominant access control technology, there are few researches to be done to address the further extension of the role which is the fundamental entity of RBAC. This paper tries to extend the role to a further level, the role attributes. Through the attributes, the function and operation on the role can be enhanced and extended. Through the attributes, ANSI RBAC is significantly extended. In the inheritance of hierarchical role, the privacy of its parental role can be kept by using HA (Hidden Attribute)

Improving the availability of biopesticides : an interdisciplinary research project

There is a need for new, biologically-based crop protection products to serve as alternatives to or to complement synthetic chemical pesticides. An interdisciplinary research team from the natural and social sciences considered whether regulatory barriers were preventing more biopesticides reaching the market. The research coincided with a realisation by policy makers that more needed to be done to facilitate biopesticide registration, exemplified by the UK's Biopesticides Scheme. However, important differences remain between the UK and other countries such as the USA. Changes in regulatory arrangements need careful handling. The scientific work undertaken in the project provided a better understanding of the population biology of microbial control agents. Interdisciplinary work permitted a contribution to the policy debate

Dark Molecular Gas in Simulations of z~0 Disc Galaxies

The $\rm H_2$ mass of molecular clouds has traditionally been traced by the CO(J=1-0) rotational transition line. This said, CO is relatively easily photodissociated, and can also be destroyed by cosmic rays, thus rendering some fraction of molecular gas to be "CO-dark". We investigate the amount and physical properties of CO-dark gas in two $z \sim 0$ disc galaxies, and develop predictions for the expected intensities of promising alternative tracers ([CI 609 $\mu$m and [CII] 158 $\mu$m emission). We do this by combining cosmological zoom simulations of disc galaxies with thermal-radiative-chemical equilibrium interstellar medium (ISM) calculations to model the predicted H~\textsc{i} and $\rm H_2$ abundances and CO(J=1-0), [CI] 609 $\mu$m and [CII] 158 $\mu$m emission properties. Our model treats the ISM as a collection of radially stratified clouds whose properties are dictated by their volume and column densities, the gas-phase metallicity, and the interstellar radiation field and cosmic ray ionization rates. Our main results follow. Adopting an observationally motivated definition of CO-dark gas, i.e. $\rm H_2$ gas with $W_{\rm CO} 50\%$) of the total $\rm H_2$ mass lies in CO-dark gas, most of which is diffuse gas, poorly shielded due to low dust column density. The CO-dark molecular gas tends to be dominated by [CII], though [CI] also serves as a bright tracer of the dark gas in many instances. At the same time, [CII] also tends to trace neutral atomic gas. As a result, when we quantify the conversion factors for the three carbon-based tracers of molecular gas, we find that [CI] suffers the least contamination from diffuse atomic gas, and is relatively insensitive to secondary parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 13 pages plus appendice

Trade-off capacities of the quantum Hadamard channels

Coding theorems in quantum Shannon theory express the ultimate rates at which a sender can transmit information over a noisy quantum channel. More often than not, the known formulas expressing these transmission rates are intractable, requiring an optimization over an infinite number of uses of the channel. Researchers have rarely found quantum channels with a tractable classical or quantum capacity, but when such a finding occurs, it demonstrates a complete understanding of that channel's capabilities for transmitting classical or quantum information. Here, we show that the three-dimensional capacity region for entanglement-assisted transmission of classical and quantum information is tractable for the Hadamard class of channels. Examples of Hadamard channels include generalized dephasing channels, cloning channels, and the Unruh channel. The generalized dephasing channels and the cloning channels are natural processes that occur in quantum systems through the loss of quantum coherence or stimulated emission, respectively. The Unruh channel is a noisy process that occurs in relativistic quantum information theory as a result of the Unruh effect and bears a strong relationship to the cloning channels. We give exact formulas for the entanglement-assisted classical and quantum communication capacity regions of these channels. The coding strategy for each of these examples is superior to a naive time-sharing strategy, and we introduce a measure to determine this improvement.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, some slight refinements and submitted to Physical Review

Breast cancer detection using microwave holography

Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women. X-ray mammography is the most widely used technique for early detection but has limitations. In this paper, an alternative approach for breast cancer detection using microwave imaging is presented. This is based upon microwave indirect holographic approach, central to which is the use of a synthetic reference beam. This approach has benefits in terms of simplicity and expense. Experimental results using a simple breast phantom are included to demonstrate the potential of this approach

Fact sheet: Managing naturally ignited wildland fire to meet fuel reduction and restoration goals in frequent-fire forests.

Fire is a key process that has played a central role in structuring and regulating the function of forest ecosystems over millennia. There is increasing interest in using fire, particularly naturally ignited wildland fires (Figure 1), to provide a cost-effective alternative, or complement, to mechanical thinning. However, more information about the efficacy of wildfire providing ecological, economic, and social benefits is needed. This fact sheet provides a brief overview of policy guidelines, benefits, costs, and constraints for managing naturally ignited wildland fire in order to meet fuels reduction and restoration objectives