Ovicidal activity of Pithecellobium dulce (Family: Fabaceae) leaf and seed extracts against fi lariasis vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create a loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly incountries with tropical and subtropical climates. Mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence ofresistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontroltechniques in the future. In view of recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as analternative to chemical insecticide, in the present study ovicidal efficacy of different solvent leaf and seed extractof Pithecellobium dulce against filariasis vector C. quinquefasciatus. The ovicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extractsof P. dulce with five different solvents, such as benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and chloroform, wastested against C. quinquefasciatus. Ovicidal activity was determined against C. quinquefasciatus mosquito tovarious concentrations ranging from 100 to 600 mg/L under the laboratory conditions. Among five solvent testedthe maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf and seed methanol crude extract was found to be most effectivefor ovicidal activity against vector mosquito. The extract of methanol exerted 100% mortality at 500-600 mg/Lagainst C. quinquefasciatus. From the result, it can be concluded the crude extract of P. dulce was a potentialcandidate to develop newer and safer ovicides against C. quinquefasciatus

Catastrophic chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination in plants.

Genome instability is associated with mitotic errors and cancer. This phenomenon can lead to deleterious rearrangements, but also genetic novelty, and many questions regarding its genesis, fate and evolutionary role remain unanswered. Here, we describe extreme chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination, a process resulting from hybridization of Arabidopsis plants expressing different centromere histones H3. Shattered chromosomes are formed from the genome of the haploid inducer, consistent with genomic catastrophes affecting a single, laggard chromosome compartmentalized within a micronucleus. Analysis of breakpoint junctions implicates breaks followed by repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or stalled fork repair. Furthermore, mutation of required NHEJ factor DNA Ligase 4 results in enhanced haploid recovery. Lastly, heritability and stability of a rearranged chromosome suggest a potential for enduring genomic novelty. These findings provide a tractable, natural system towards investigating the causes and mechanisms of complex genomic rearrangements similar to those associated with several human disorders

An analysis on the approximate controllability results for Caputo fractional hemivariational inequalities of order 1 < r < 2 using sectorial operators

In this paper, we investigate the effect of hemivariational inequalities on the approximate controllability of Caputo fractional differential systems. The main results of this study are tested by using multivalued maps, sectorial operators of type (P, η, r, γ ), fractional calculus, and the fixed point theorem. Initially, we introduce the idea of mild solution for fractional hemivariational inequalities. Next, the approximate controllability results of semilinear control problems were then established. Moreover, we will move on to the system involving nonlocal conditions. Finally, an example is provided in support of the main results we acquired

AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing during meiosis in Arabidopsis

BACKGROUND: Pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis is an important requirement for recombination and balanced chromosome segregation among the products of meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by double strand breaks (DSBs) made by Spo11 followed by interaction of DSB sites with a homologous chromosome. This interaction requires the strand exchange proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 that bind to single stranded regions created by resection of ends at the site of DSBs and promote interactions with uncut DNA on the homologous partner. Recombination is also considered to be dependent on factors that stabilize interactions between homologous chromosomes. In budding yeast Hop2 and Mnd1 act as a complex to promote homologous pairing and recombination in conjunction with Rad51 and Dmc1. RESULTS: We have analyzed the function of the Arabidopsis orthologue of the budding yeast MND1 gene (AtMND1). Loss of AtMND1 did not affect normal vegetative development but caused fragmentation and missegregation of chromosomes in male and female meiosis, formation of inviable gametes, and sterility. Analysis of the Atmnd1 Atspo11-1 double mutant indicated that chromosome fragmentation in Atmnd1 was suppressed by loss of Atspo11-1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that homologous pairing failed to occur and homologues remained apart throughout meiosis. AtMND1 showed strong expression in meiocytes as revealed by RNA in situs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing and is likely to play a role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks during meiosis in Arabidopsis, thus showing conservation of function with that of MND1 during meiosis in yeast

Chromosome-level reference genome of stinkwort, Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter : A resource for studies on invasion, range expansion, and evolutionary adaptation under global change

This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture “Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant” [2020-67013-31856]. NL acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation [P2EZP3_178481] and Natural Environment Research Council [NE/W006553/1].Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Optimal control results for impulsive fractional delay integrodifferential equations of order 1 < r < 2 via sectorial operator

This research investigates the existence of nonlocal impulsive fractional integrodifferential equations of order 1 < r < 2 with infinite delay. To begin with, we discuss the existence of a mild solution for the fractional derivatives by using the sectorial operators, the nonlinear alternative of the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem, mixed Volterra–Fredholm integrodifferential types, and impulsive systems. Furthermore, we develop the optimal control results for the given system. The application of our findings is demonstrated with the help of an example

A new discussion concerning to exact controllability for fractional mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equations of order r∈(1,2) with impulses

In this article, we look into the important requirements for exact controllability of fractional impulsive differential systems of order 1<r<2. Definitions of mild solutions are given for fractional integrodifferential equations with impulses. In addition, applying fixed point methods, fractional derivatives, essential conditions, mixed Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential type, for exact controllability of the solutions are produced. Lastly, a case study is supplied to show the illustration of the primary theorems

Snake bite: An unusual cause of ischaemic stroke

Snake bite continues to be one of the major and potential contributors for morbidity and mortality in India. Intracranial haemorrhage causing neurological deficits is a known entity due to snake bite but presentation with infarction is rare. The authors report a case of a healthy middle aged female who presented within hours of envenomation with altered sensorium and evaluation revealed left hemiplegia with deranged coagulation profile and multiple ischaemic infarcts instead of haemorrhage as a consequence of vasculotoxic envenomation due to viper bite

Snake bite: An unusual cause of ischaemic stroke

Snake bite continues to be one of the major and potential contributors for morbidity and mortality in India. Intracranial haemorrhage causing neurological deficits is a known entity due to snake bite but presentation with infarction is rare. The authors report a case of a healthy middle aged female who presented within hours of envenomation with altered sensorium and evaluation revealed left hemiplegia with deranged coagulation profile and multiple ischaemic infarcts instead of haemorrhage as a consequence of vasculotoxic envenomation due to viper bite

Human Protein Reference Database—2009 update

Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD—http://www.hprd.org/), initially described in 2003, is a database of curated proteomic information pertaining to human proteins. We have recently added a number of new features in HPRD. These include PhosphoMotif Finder, which allows users to find the presence of over 320 experimentally verified phosphorylation motifs in proteins of interest. Another new feature is a protein distributed annotation system—Human Proteinpedia (http://www.humanproteinpedia.org/)—through which laboratories can submit their data, which is mapped onto protein entries in HPRD. Over 75 laboratories involved in proteomics research have already participated in this effort by submitting data for over 15 000 human proteins. The submitted data includes mass spectrometry and protein microarray-derived data, among other data types. Finally, HPRD is also linked to a compendium of human signaling pathways developed by our group, NetPath (http://www.netpath.org/), which currently contains annotations for several cancer and immune signaling pathways. Since the last update, more than 5500 new protein sequences have been added, making HPRD a comprehensive resource for studying the human proteome