Welfare Payments and Other Economic Determinants of Female Migration.

This article investigates the effects of welfare payments, wages, and unemployment on women's probability of interstate migration. It also investigates if the income attraction of locations varies with recency of labor market experience. Welfare gains increase the probability of interstate migration. Welfare effects are largest for single mothers with small children and stronger among women with no recent labor market experience. The welfare effects, albeit small, are larger than the wage effects. The wage effects are weaker among women with no recent work experience. Ethnic-specific analyses suggest differences in migration behavior among Anglos, African-Americans, and Puerto Ricans. Copyright 1997 by University of Chicago Press.

Education, Location, and Labor Market Outcomes of Puerto Rican Men during the 1980s

Employment and wages of Puerto Rican men, a group acutely disadvantaged in the labor market are examined by focusing on the role of education and location in these changes. During the 1980s, Puerto Rican men benefited from educational upgrading, increasing returns to education, and wage growth in the Northeast region. Despite these factors, however, real hourly wages grew only by 3 percent, and the proportion of employed men with earnings below the family poverty level remained at 33 percent. These results show the sensitivity of Puerto Rican men to regional economic conditions and the lack of progress of the less-educated workers during the 1980s.Education

The Economic Impact of Naturalization on Immigrants and Cities

Using American Community Survey data for 21 cities, we find that if the immigrants who are eligible for naturalization became citizens, their earnings would increase 8.9 percent, and combined earnings for the 21 cities would increase $5.7 billion. Federal, state, and city tax revenue would increase$2.0 billion. Expenditures in government benefits would decline $34 million in New York City and increase$4 million in San Francisco. With an additional $789 million in taxes for New York City and$90 million for San Francisco, the net fiscal impact of naturalization on these two cities is overwhelmingly positive

Recurrent arginine substitutions in the ACTG2 gene are the primary driver of disease burden and severity in visceral myopathy

Visceral myopathy with abnormal intestinal and bladder peristalsis includes a clinical spectrum with megacystis-microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. The vast majority of cases are caused by dominant variants in ACTG2; however, the overall genetic architecture of visceral myopathy has not been well-characterized. We ascertained 53 families, with visceral myopathy based on megacystis, functional bladder/gastrointestinal obstruction, or microcolon. A combination of targeted ACTG2 sequencing and exome sequencing was used. We report a molecular diagnostic rate of 64% (34/53), of which 97% (33/34) is attributed to ACTG2. Strikingly, missense mutations in five conserved arginine residues involving CpG dinucleotides accounted for 49% (26/53) of disease in the cohort. As a group, the ACTG2-negative cases had a more favorable clinical outcome and more restricted disease. Within the ACTG2-positive group, poor outcomes (characterized by total parenteral nutrition dependence, death, or transplantation) were invariably due to one of the arginine missense alleles. Analysis of specific residues suggests a severity spectrum of p.Arg178>p.Arg257>p.Arg40 along with other less-frequently reported sites p.Arg63 and p.Arg211. These results provide genotype-phenotype correlation for ACTG2-related disease and demonstrate the importance of arginine missense changes in visceral myopathy