Decoherence, wave function collapses and non-ordinary statistical mechanics

We consider a toy model of pointer interacting with a 1/2-spin system, whose $\sigma_{x}$ variable is \emph{measured} by the environment, according to the prescription of decoherence theory. If the environment measuring the variable $\sigma_{x}$ yields ordinary statistical mechanics, the pointer sensitive to the 1/2-spin system undergoes the same, exponential, relaxation regardless of whether real collapses or an entanglement with the environment, mimicking the effect of real collapses, occur. In the case of non-ordinary statistical mechanics the occurrence of real collapses make the pointer still relax exponentially in time, while the equivalent picture in terms of reduced density matrix generates an inverse power law relaxation

Short-term effects of canopy and surface fire on centipede (Chilopoda) communities in a semi natural Mediterranean forest

Species composition and structure of centipede (Chilopoda) communities were studied in a sub-urban burnt forest on the Mediterranean coast near Roma, Italy. The study was carried out in two sites affected by canopy fire (complete vegetation destruction), one affected by surface fire (persistence of tree canopy), and three unburnt sites. Monthly, quantitative/qualitative samplings were performed in each site from April 2001 to April 2002 by pitfall trapping and one hour active search. Analyses of species composition, dominance structure, diversity and colonization progress were performed. Centipede communities of the sites affected by canopy fire were simply structured, poor in both species richness and diversity; conversely, species composition, structure and diversity of the community affected by surface fire were scarcely modified

The decline of the Aeolian wall lizard, Podarcis raffonei : causes and conservation proposals

Investigations carried out in the Aeolian Islands (off north-east Sicily) during 1989–99 gathered evidence strongly indicating that the endemic Aeolian wall lizard Podarcis raffonei is close to extinction. Competitive exclusion by the lizard Podarcis sicula, which has been introduced by man, habitat degradation, and possibly reduced genetic variability and inbreeding, were the main causes for the decline of the species. For the Aeolian wall lizard to recover from its threatened status and to prevent further decimation of populations, collection and trade in the species should be prohibited, and an education programme for local people should be promoted. An integrated project involving habitat protection and captive breeding is needed to secure the species in the wild for the future

Rural–urban gradient and land use in a millenary metropolis: how urbanization affects avian functional groups and the role of old villas in bird assemblage patterning

Abstract. Urbanization generally leads to a complex environmental gradient, ranging from almost undisturbed natural areas to highly modified urban landscapes. Here we analyse the effects of a rural–urban gradient on breeding bird communities and functional species groups in remnant natural and semi-natural areas of Rome. A total of 69 breeding bird species were found in the study area. Species richness decreased with increasing urbanization at two spatial scales: the point count station and the landscape scales. Evenness showed a negative trend from periphery to city centre, whereas for dominant species the opposite was true. Functional species groups responded to the urbanization gradient with functional group-specific patterns. Those groups linked to open habitats (nesting and habitat functional groups) decreased in abundance along the rural–urban gradient, whereas those associated with forests exhibited a mixed trend. Generalist species' occurrence increased with urbanization. As for predators and granivorous species, we found a negative relationship with urbanization whereas for omnivorous species the opposite trend was true. The distribution of old villas (large-sized remnant green areas) in the inner city areas influenced species composition along the studied gradient, usually showing higher species richness than surrounding fragments. Agricultural areas hosted richer and better balanced bird assemblages in respect to those found in urban and forested areas. Our findings proved that an urban gradient plays a major role in structuring bird communities, although the extent and distribution of land use categories was another factor that influenced avian assemblages. The presence of historical villas also influenced bird assemblages, making it possible to preserve high bird diversity even in inner city-areas

La tettonica per una pedagogia dell’architettura. Il progetto di una One Person House e nuovi paradigmi teorici / Tectonics for an architectural pedagogy. The One Person House project and new theoretical paradigms

Il paper presenta i presupposti metodologici e gli esiti di un percorso didattico sviluppato nel corso del lockdown dovuto al Covid-19. A par- tire da una riflessione sulla costruzione di uno spazio abitativo minimo, il tema progettuale sviluppato è stato la concezione di una One Person House (OPH) per far fronte ad ulteriori futuri periodi di lockdown e distanziamento sociale. Un processo di research by design condotto attraverso quattro esercizi propedeutici, d’ispirazione antropomorfa e concettualmente legati tra loro da ideali e progressive azioni di montaggio e con- trollo della misura; una pedagogia del progetto fondata sulla materialità dell’architettura, secondo una vera e propria poetica della costruzione che guarda a uno dei suoi principi fondativi, la tettonica, ovvero l’arte dell’assemblaggio. This paper presents the methodological assumptions and the results of an educational path developed during the Covid-19 lockdown. Starting from a reflection on the construction of a minimum living space, the de- sign theme developed was the concept of a one-person house (OPH) to cope with additional lockdowns and social distancing in the future. A process of research by design pursued through four propaedeutic exercises, anthropomorphically inspired and conceptually linked by ideal and progressive actions of assembly and control of measurement. A pedagogy of design based on the material nature of architecture, following a construction philosophy that focuses on one of its founding principles, tectonics, or the art of assembly

Intraoral Sialadenoma Papilliferum: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature with Emphasis on Clinical and Histopathological Diagnostic Features

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign epithelial tumor of salivary gland origin, its diagnosis being potentially challenging. It was first described by Abrams and Finck in 1969 as an analog of the cutaneous syringocystadenoma papilliferum. The aim of this comprehensive review is to highlight the clinical and histopathological diagnostic aspects of intraoral SP, analyzing cases previously described and reporting new cases. Methods. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to February 2022, using as entry term “sialadenoma papilliferum”. No time limits were applied and only studies in English were taken into account. Only cases involving the mouth were included. Conference proceedings, personal communications, and letters to the editor were excluded. Results. In total, 42 out of 234 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 64 cases reported. Mean age of patients with SP was 57.2 years, with a higher prevalence among males. The most affected site was the palate, particularly the hard palate. Four cases with uncertain malignant features have been reported. While clinical manifestations of SP are rather unspecific (e.g., submucosal swelling with ulceration), histopathological and immunohistochemical features are quite peculiar, SP have a limited growth potential, leading to conservative excision as treatment of choice. Conclusions. SP, though rare, should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of intraoral swellings, particularly those located on the palate

Use of faecal and stomach contents in assessing food niche relationships: a case study of two sympatric species of Podarcis lizards (sauria: lacertidae)

La niche trophique de deux espèces de lézards (Podarcis muralis et P. sicula) a été étudiée en analysant à la fois des contenus stomacaux et des pelotes fécales. Des comparaisons ont été conduites entre les deux espèces, portant sur leurs spectres trophiques, les largeurs et les recouvrements de leurs niches alimentaires. L'analyse fondée sur les contenus stomacaux a fourni les données les plus complètes et les plus détaillées. Podarcis sicula est apparu comme un prédateur plus généraliste que P muralis, le recouvrement de niche entre ces deux espèces étant très faible. Les données différentes qui existent dans la littérature, montrant un plus fort recouvrement, seraient dues à des préférences alimentaires locales et à l'utilisation de méthodes d'analyse différentes.The trophic niche of two sympatric species of wall lizards (Podarcis muralis and P. sicula) was studied by the analysis of both stomach contents and faecal pellets, and differences in trophic spectra, food niche breadth, and niche overlap were compared. The analysis based on stomach contents provided more complete and detailed data. Podarcis sicula appeared to be a more generalist predator than P. muralis, and the niche overlap between the two species was very Jow. Differences from literature data showing a higher overlap can be due to local food preferences and different methods of analysis