Migration and aspirations: Are migrants trapped on a hedonic treadmill?

Based on longitudinal information from two waves of the Indonesian Family and Life Survey (IFLS) in 2000 and 2007, we find evidence that migrants are self-selected along higher individual aspirations acquired (or, inherited) before migration. About 70 per cent of aspiration differentials can be explained by factors such as young age, good education, or superior socio-economic background, while the residual seems to be linked to an individual pre-disposition for higher aspirations. However, despite the fact that migration is economically beneficial for most migrants, the migration experience itself seems to further increase economic aspirations, hereby trapping migrants on a "hedonic treadmill"

Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter using a Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this paper we use a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach to simulate a Coriolis mass flowmeter (CMF). The fluid dynamics are calculated by the open source framework OpenLB, based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). For the structural dynamics we employ the open source software Elmer, an implementation of the finite element method (FEM). A staggered coupling approach between the two software packages is presented. The finite element mesh is created by the mesh generator Gmsh to ensure a complete open source workflow. The Eigenmodes of the CMF, which are calculated by modal analysis are compared with measurement data. Using the estimated excitation frequency, a fully coupled, partitioned, FSI simulation is applied to simulate the phase shift of the investigated CMF design. The calculated phaseshift values are in good agreement to the measurement data and verify the suitability of the model to numerically describe the working principle of a CMF

Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) construction

Learning objective: to learn about a new and promising wood-based product for non-residential and multi-storey building that has been established in Europe for 15 years. Different types of assemblies will be presented through case studies and the performance attributes of the product will be discussed

Listener evaluations of violins made from composites

For centuries, wood, and more specifically spruce, has been the material of choice for violin top plates. Lately, carbon fiber instruments have entered the market. Some studies show that composite materials have potential advantages for making instruments [Damodaran, Lessard, and Babu, Acoust. Aust. 43, 117-122 (2015)]. However, no studies exist that evaluate violins made of different composite materials as judged by listeners. For this study, six prototype violins, differing only by the material of the top plate, were manufactured in a controlled laboratory setting. The six prototype violins were judged by experienced listeners in two double-blind experiments. In contrast to popular opinion that violins made from carbon have or lack a specific sound quality, the study provides insights in the diverse sounds and timbres violins from fiber-reinforced polymers can create. It allows an investigation of the links between the perception and the variations in material properties of the soundboards. Additionally, as neither players nor listeners are acquainted with these instruments, these results provide an interesting view on what type of qualities of violin-like sounds are preferred by listeners

Nurses and the doctorate: A mixed study in French health care organizations

International audienceAIM: This research aims to understand the place and role of nurses holding a PhD or PhD students (Nurse Doctor (ND)/Nurse Doctoral Students (NDS)) in healthcare organizations in France. CONTEXT: Worlwide, many nurses are undertaking doctoral studies. France is no exception. However, in France, there is no doctorate dedicated to nursing. The question of ND/NDS’ integration into health organizations is thus raised in a specific manner. METHODS: We used a two-stage mixed methodology. The first stage used data from questionnaires which were sent to 165 ND/NDS in France. To contextualize issues raised by these data we used qualitative methods which comprised 45 semi-structured interviews with nurses, 10 interviews with health managers and chief nurses, and 27 hours of in situ observations with research coordinators. RESULTS: Seventy-nine participants (47.9% response rate) completed questionnaires. The data showed that work organization in some departments - intensive care units (ICUs), oncology, and psychiatry - favored the development of scientific expertise among nurses. Favorable elements promoting the professional and academic development of ND/NDS included the potential for medical teaching in health care services, participating in research projects, and most importantly, medical proximity. Conversely, our data also identified poor visibility and recognition of nursing doctoral courses in French health organizations: a lack of task missions, a lack of suitable posts, and poor integration into the nursing profession. Currently, French nurses define their profession as providing direct care to patients and their families - yet this definition fails to consider other important professional elements, such as research. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified how proper ND/NDS integration is important to healthcare organizations. We identified key organization factors facilitating the integration of ND/NDS, such as participation in research teams and providing research support management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: In recent years, the nursing profession has significantly evolved. We are interested in the impact of these changes in work organizations following the development of new scientific skills. Our study investigates all aspects of the nursing profession (teaching, practice, research, and organizations). Our study advocates managerial roles, among others, to improve Nurses Doctor (ND) and Nurses Doctoral Student (NDS) integration into work organizations. We directly observed work organizations which helped develop nursing research. Our study is also aimed at managers who have roles as decision-makers in promoting and facilitating research and nurse researchers

Ionization avalanching in clusters ignited by extreme-ultraviolet driven seed electrons

We study the ionization dynamics of Ar clusters exposed to ultrashort near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses for intensities well below the threshold at which tunnel ionization ignites nanoplasma formation. We find that the emission of highly charged ions up to Ar$^{8+}$ can be switched on with unit contrast by generating only a few seed electrons with an ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse prior to the NIR field. Molecular dynamics simulations can explain the experimental observations and predict a generic scenario where efficient heating via inverse bremsstrahlung and NIR avalanching are followed by resonant collective nanoplasma heating. The temporally and spatially well-controlled injection of the XUV seed electrons opens new routes for controlling avalanching and heating phenomena in nanostructures and solids, with implications for both fundamental and applied laser-matter science.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure