Repercusiones de la socialización diferencial entre hombres y mujeres en las relaciones de género en el proceso migratorio

La migración constituye un acontecimiento clave en la vida de las personas y puede ofrecer nuevas oportunidades para transformar los roles y relaciones de género. Sin embargo, lamigración también puede afianzar los roles y desigualdades tradicionales y exponer a las mujeres a nuevas vulnerabilidades como resultado de su precaria condición legal, su exclusión y aislamiento. A pesar de ello, la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral, fruto de la migración, les permite renegociar los roles desiguales asociados al género y su entrada en la esfera pública les facilita un mayor desarrollo personal y social por lo que la migración puede suponer una oportunidad para que las mujeres adquieran confianza en símisma y valoren su trabajo

Low endogenous NO levels in roots and antioxidant systems are determinants for the resistance of Arabidopsis seedlings grown in Cd

Cadmium (Cd), which is a toxic non-essential heavy metal capable of entering plants and thus the food chain, constitutes a major environmental and health concern worldwide. An understanding of the tools used by plants to overcome Cd stress could lead to the production of food crops with lower Cd uptake capacity and of plants with greater Cd uptake potential for phytoremediation purposes in order to restore soil efficiency in self-sustaining ecosystems. The signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO), whose function remains unclear, has recently been involved in responses to Cd stress. Using different mutants, such as nia1nia2, nox1, argh1-1 and Atnoa1, which were altered in NO metabolism, we analysed various parameters related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) metabolism and seedling fitness following germination and growth under Cd treatment conditions for seven days. Seedling roots were the most affected, with an increase in ROS and RNS observed in wild type (WT) seedling roots, leading to increased oxidative damage and fitness loss. Mutants that showed lower NO levels in seedling roots under Cd stress were more resistant than WT seedlings due to the maintenance of antioxidant systems which protect against oxidative damage.This study was co-funded by the ERDF and the Science, Innovation and University Ministry (BIO2015-67657-P and PGC2018-098372). L.C. T-C was supported by an FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports

Gene network downstream plant stress response modulated by peroxisomal H2O2

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers that can be sensed by specific redox-sensitive proteins responsible for the activation of signal transduction culminating in altered gene expression. The subcellular site, in which modifications in the ROS/oxidation state occur, can also act as a specific cellular redox network signal. The chemical identity of ROS and their subcellular origin is actually a specific imprint on the transcriptome response. In recent years, a number of transcriptomic studies related to altered ROS metabolism in plant peroxisomes have been carried out. In this study, we conducted a metaanalysis of these transcriptomic findings to identify common transcriptional footprints for plant peroxisomal-dependent signaling at early and later time points. These footprints highlight the regulation of various metabolic pathways and gene families, which are also found in plant responses to several abiotic stresses. Major peroxisomal-dependent genes are associated with protein and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protection at later stages of stress while, at earlier stages, these genes are related to hormone biosynthesis and signaling regulation. Furthermore, in silico analyses allowed us to assign human orthologs to some of the peroxisomal-dependent proteins, which are mainly associated with different cancer pathologies. Peroxisomal footprints provide a valuable resource for assessing and supporting key peroxisomal functions in cellular metabolism under control and stress conditions across species.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU)State Research Agency (AEI)FEDER grant PGC2018-098372-B-I00MCIU Research Personnel Training (FPI) grant BES-2016-07651

Educación Primaria y alumnas gitanas. Análisis de las barreras sociales en contextos de exclusión

Nowadays a transformation in the traditional roles associated to men and women is being produced,  however, in disadvantaged contexts of social exclusion these inequalities between men and women are still very notable. The following work aims to reflect on the situation of romani female in disadvantaged contexts throughout their educational process and to establish the necessary strategies to promote the educational process of these students. To do it, we applied a mixed methodology based on questionnaires and focus groups with teachers and key agents from four schools located in contexts of social exclusion with high percentage of romani students. The results obtained show us the perception of teachers and agents about the difficulties of romani female students in the Educational System, and the actions that are carried out from schools to promote the educational progression of romani female students. In any case, it is important to point out that the socio-economic context determines the educational trajectory of romani women students more than the cultural characteristics, since many of the difficulties encountered by the students are more related to the contexts of social marginalization than to their culture.Actualmente se está produciendo una transformación de los roles tradicionales asociados a hombres y mujeres, sin embargo, en los contextos desfavorecidos de exclusión social estas desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres sigue siendo muy notable. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la situación de la mujer gitana en contextos desfavorecidos a lo largo de su proceso educativo, así como establecer las estrategias necesarias para favorecer el proceso educativo de estas alumnas. Para ello, aplicamos una metodología mixta basada en cuestionarios y grupos de discusión con profesorado y agentes claves de cuatro centros educativos situados en contextos de exclusión social con alto porcentaje de alumnado gitano. Los resultados obtenidos nos demuestran la percepción del profesorado y agentes claves sobre las dificultades de las alumnas gitanas en el Sistema Educativo, así como las actuaciones que se llevan a cabo desde los centros educativos para favorecer la progresión educativa de las alumnas gitanas. En cualquier caso, es importante señalar que el contexto socioeconómico determina la trayectoria educativa de las alumnas gitanas más que las características culturales, ya que muchas de las dificultades que se encuentran las alumnas están más relacionadas con los contextos de marginación social que con su cultura

Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Killarney Fern (Vandenboschia speciosa, Hymenophyllaceae)

Premise of the study: We characterize 10 microsatellite loci in the endangered fern Vandenboschia speciosa (Hymenophyllaceae), enabling studies on the genetic population structure of this Macaronesian-European species using DNA hypervariable markers. Methods and Results: Ten primer sets were developed and tested on 47 individuals in a total of two Iberian populations of V. speciosa. The primers amplified di- and hexanucelotide repeats. The number of alleles ranged from two to eight, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.107 to 0.807 among the populations analyzed. Conclusions: The 10 microsatellite markers developed will be useful in characterizing the genetic diversity of V. speciosa and understanding its population structure (including the possible structure between sporophyte and gametophyte phases) and biogeographic history, and will provide important genetic data for the conservation of this species.This study was supported by the Regional Andalusian Government (project P10-RNM-6198). C.G.L. was funded by a postdoctoral grant from the Regional Andalusian Government. S.B.S. and L.T.C. were funded by a Beca-Iniciación a la Investigación grant from the Universidad de Granada during 2012–2013 and 2014–2015, respectively. I.M.A. was funded by a Beca-Colaboración grant (Spanish Government)

Mulheres em movimentos migratórios na fronteira norte do México - EUA

El presente artículo centra su atención en la feminización del fenómenomigratorio enMéxico, presentando datos obtenidos de la investigación ¿Mujeres migrantes indocumentadas: Historias de transgresión, resistencia, sumisión y reacomodo como estrategias de viaje. Una perspectiva socioeducativa¿ realizado por la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla) en colaboración con el Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Colef) deMéxico. Las cuestiones que nosmotivaron a la realización de esta investigación fueron ¿qué variables influyen en el aumento de losmovimientosmigratorios enMéxico?, ¿qué rutas utilizan lasmujeresmigrantes enMéxico y cómo se configuran dichas rutas?, ¿en qué redes migratorias se apoyan para sus desplazamientos? Por otro lado, analizamos el perfil de las mujeres migrantes en el contexto mexicano, sus motivaciones para iniciar el proyecto migratorio, las dificultades que encuentra en el camino, la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos que presentan, así como el papel que tienen en el sustento de su familia. En este sentido, se realizaron entrevistas a 26 mujeres migrantes en tres ciudades del Estado de Tamaulipas -norte deMéxico- y entrevistas a profesionales que trabajan con este colectivo. De los resultados obtenidos exponemos cómo las mujeres están sujetas a una serie de riesgos por ser mujer, con bajo nivel educativo, pocos recursos económicos y con escasas redes sociales, siendo muy vulnerable ante las redes de tráfico humano, sobre todo las mujeres centroamericanas que cruzan México hasta EEUU. Hemos incluido también las rutas utilizadas porque consideramos que es importante seguir visibilizando a las mujeres en los procesos migratorios en un contexto donde la agresividad y la discriminación hacia las mujeres se encuentra arraigada en todos los actores que intervienen en dicho proceso; a su vez, la socialización en la violencia es una realidad en el contextomexicano, siendo lasmujeres y niños/as, los elementos más vulnerables de esta situación.This present paper focus on female action onmigratory phenomenon inMexico collecting data fromthe research work ¿Undocumented emigrantWomen: Stories of transgression, resistance, submission and adaptation as travel strategies. A social educative prospective.¿ Carried out by Pablo de Olavide University with the co-operation of Northern Border College ofMexico. Wewondered aboutwhich conditions influence in the increase ofmigratorymovements inMexico,which routes do women use and how they plan them. Also about whichmigratory webs they use tomove around. On the other hand we analyze the profile of these migrant women in the Mexican context, motivations to leave, the difficulties they find, the possible risks as well as the importance on the family income. 26migrant women were interviewed in Tamaulipas-north ofMexico and also professional people working with them. From the results obtained we stand out how their condition of being women with a low educational level, scarce economics resources andwith no social supportmake themvulnerable in front of the human traffic nets mainly Centro American women going to the U.S.A. We have also included themost used routes as we consider it is important to go on seeing women in the migratory process where they are the weakest part in this process.Este artigo centra-se sobre a feminização da migração noMéxico, apresentando os dados obtidos da pesquisa ¿mulheresmigrantes emsituação irregular: histórias de transgressão, resistência, submissão e realinhamento como estratégias de viagem.¿ Uma perspectiva educacional ¿realizado pela Universidade Pablo deOlavide (Sevilha) em colaboração com o Colégio da Fronteira Norte (COLEF) doMéxico. As questões que nos levaramà realização desta pesquisa foramque variáveis influenciamo aumento de movimentos migratórios no México?, quais rotas usado mulheres migrantes no México e configurar estas rotas?, em quais redes migratórias é o suporte para mover? Por outro lado, analisamos o perfil das mulheres migrantes no contexto mexicano, sua motivação para iniciar o projeto de migração, as dificuldades encontradas no caminho, vulnerabilidade e os riscos que, bem como o papel no sustento de sua família. Neste sentido, foram entrevistas com 26 mulheres migrantes em três cidades do estado de Tamaulipas -México norte - e entrevistas com profissionais que trabalham com este grupo. Os resultados obtidos nos expor como asmulheres estão sujeitas a uma série de riscos por ser umamulher, com um baixo nível de escolaridade, poucos recursos económicos e algumas redes sociais, permanecemmuito vulneráveis às redes de tráfico de seres humanos, principalmenteCentral americanas que cruzam oMéxico aos Estados Unidos. Incluímos também as rotas utilizadas, porque acreditamos que é importante continuar a fazer visíveis das mulheres nos processos de migração em um contexto onde a agressão e discriminação em relação às mulheres está enraizada emtodos os atores envolvidos neste processo; por sua vez, a socialização emviolência é uma realidade no contexto mexicano, sendo as mulheres e crianças, os elementos mais vulneráveis desta situaçãoDepartamento de Educación y Psicología SocialVersión del edito

Women in migratory movements in the northern border of México-USA.

[ES] El presente artículo centra su atención en la feminización del fenómeno migratorio en México, presentando datos obtenidos de la investigación “Mujeres migrantes indocumentadas: Historias de transgresión, resistencia, sumisión y reacomodo como estrategias de viaje. Una perspectiva socioeducativa” realizado por la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla) en colaboración con el Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Colef) de México. Las cuestiones que nos motivaron a la realización de esta investigación fueron ¿qué variables influyen en el aumento de los movimientos migratorios en México?, ¿qué rutas utilizan las mujeres migrantes en México y cómo se configuran dichas rutas?, ¿en qué redes migratorias se apoyan para sus desplazamientos? Por otro lado, analizamos el perfil de las mujeres migrantes en el contexto mexicano, sus motivaciones para iniciar el proyecto migratorio, las dificultades que encuentra en el camino, la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos que presentan, así como el papel que tienen en el sustento de su familia. En este sentido, se realizaron entrevistas a 26 mujeres migrantes en tres ciudades del Estado de Tamaulipas -norte de México- y entrevistas a profesionales que trabajan con este colectivo. De los resultados obtenidos exponemos cómo las mujeres están sujetas a una serie de riesgos por ser mujer, con bajo nivel educativo, pocos recursos económicos y con escasas redes sociales, siendo muy vulnerable ante las redes de tráfico humano, sobre todo las mujeres centroamericanas que cruzan México hasta EEUU. Hemos incluido también las rutas utilizadas porque consideramos que es importante seguir visibilizando a las mujeres en los procesos migratorios en un contexto donde la agresividad y la discriminación hacia las mujeres se encuentra arraigada en todos los actores que intervienen en dicho proceso; a su vez, la socialización en la violencia es una realidad en el contexto mexicano, siendo las mujeres y niños/as, los elementos más vulnerables de esta situación. [EN] This present paper focus on female action on migratory phenomenon in Mexico collecting data from the research work “Undocumented emigrant Women: Stories of transgression, resistance, submission and adaptation as travel strategies. A social educative prospective.” Carried out by Pablo de Olavide University with the co-operation of Northern Border College of Mexico. We wondered about which conditions influence in the increase of migratory movements in Mexico, which routes do women use and how they plan them. Also about which migratory webs they use to move around. On the other hand we analyze the profile of these migrant women in the Mexican context, motivations to leave, the difficulties they find, the possible risks as well as the importance on the family income. 26 migrant women were interviewed in Tamaulipas-north of Mexico and also professional people working with them. From the results obtained we stand out how their condition of being women with a low educational level, scarce economics resources and with no social support make them vulnerable in front of the human traffic nets mainly Centro American women going to the U.S.A. We have also included the most used routes as we consider it is important to go on seeing women in the migratory process where they are the weakest part in this process

A teamwork experience of teachers in the development and evaluation of skills

La experiencia que analizamos se realizó en segundo curso de la titulación conjunta de Trabajo Social y Educación Social durante 3 cursos (2007-2010) y actualmente en 3º grado de Educación Social. En ella se ha puesto en juego la planificación, desarrollo y evaluación, de forma conjunta, de una serie de competencias tanto generales como específicas, consensuadas por el profesorado y alumnado. El escenario a partir del cual se inició la coordinación ha sido el espacio de actividades en grupo (seminarios) que proporcionaba el diseño de la experiencia piloto de adaptación al EEES. La consecución de los objetivos previstos en su planificación ha supuesto varios cursos de trabajo interdisciplinar, durante los cuales se ha ido completando y perfeccionando, siendo uno de sus logros más importantes el diseño de un sistema de evaluación por competencias que se ajusta a los objetivos marcados.The experience we analyze in this paper concerns the staff who imparted teaching during the academic years 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 in the common degree both in Social Education and Social Work and, in the present, in the third year of Social Education degree. A series of general and specific competences have been planned by every teacher referred to every subject they give from a common basis. Group work-workshops-has been the frame from which that co-operation started towards the design of this pioneer experience of adaptation to the European Higher Education Area. The achievement of the objectives has taken three years of common work during which the arising problems have been solved by putting into practice this experience, being of great importance the design of a system of evaluation in competences in order to reach the pursued aims.Departamento de Educación y Psicología SocialVersión del edito

Mapping the entire functionally active endometrial microbiota

STUDY QUESTION Does endometrium harbour functionally active microorganisms and whether the microbial composition differs between proliferative and mid-secretory phases? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometrium harbours functionally alive microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi whose composition and metabolic functions change along the menstrual cycle. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Resident microbes in the endometrium have been detected, where microbial dysfunction has been associated with reproductive health and disease. Nevertheless, the core microorganismal composition in healthy endometrium is not determined and whether the identified bacterial DNA sequences refer to alive/functionally active microbes is not clear. Furthermore, whether there are cyclical changes in the microbial composition remains an open issue. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from 14 endometrial paired samples from healthy women, 7 samples from the mid-secretory phase and 7 samples from the consecutive proliferative phase were analysed for the microbial RNA sequences. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The raw RNAseq data were converted into FASTQ format using SRA Toolkit. The unmapped reads to human sequences were aligned to the reference database Kraken2 and visualised with Krona software. Menstrual phase taxonomic differences were performed by R package metagenomeSeq. The functional analysis of endometrial microbiota was obtained with HUMANn2 and the comparison between menstrual phases was conducted by one-way ANOVA. Human RNAseq analysis was performed using miARma-Seq and the functional enrichment analysis was carried out using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA; HumanCyc). The integration of metabolic pathways between host and microbes was investigated. The developed method of active microbiota mapping was validated in independent sample set. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE With the novel metatranscriptomic approach, we mapped the entire alive microbiota composing of >5300 microorganisms within the endometrium of healthy women. Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea were identified. The validation of three independent endometrial samples from different ethnicity confirmed the findings. Significant differences in the microbial abundances in the mid-secretory vs. proliferative phases were detected with possible metabolic activity in the host-microbiota crosstalk in receptive phase endometrium, specifically in the prostanoid biosynthesis pathway and L-tryptophan metabolism. LARGE SCALE DATA The raw RNAseq data used in the current study are available at GEO GSE86491 and at BioProject PRJNA379542. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These pioneering results should be confirmed in a bigger sample size. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study confirms the presence of active microbes, bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea in the healthy human endometrium with implications in receptive phase endometrial functions, meaning that microbial dysfunction could impair the metabolic pathways important for endometrial receptivity. The results of this study contribute to the better understanding of endometrial microbiota composition in healthy women and its possible role in endometrial functions. In addition, our novel methodological pipeline for analysing alive microbes with transcriptional and metabolic activities could serve to inspire new analysis approaches in reproductive medicine.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER): grants RYC-2016-21199 and ENDORE SAF2017-87526- R; FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento: MENDO (B-CTS-500-UGR18) and by the University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigacio ́n 2016 - Excellence actions: Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES) (SOMM17/6107/UGR). A.S.-L. and N.M.M. are funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PRE2018-0854409 and FPU19/01638). S.A. has received honoraria for lectures from Merck. The funder had no role in this study