Trade Unions and Employers´ Associations on the Way to Multi-Level Social Dialogue – comparison between Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia

The goal of the proposed paper is to show how the process of European integration has affected organised interest groups and interest representation in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia especially in the field of social dialogue. Accession to the EU has opened up a new space for social partners and representatives of interests of entrepreneurs, employers and employees, giving them new options and putting them face to face with new challenges. This concerns not only activities at the supranational level, but also the creation of new activities at the national level with the goal of implementing European policies and the use of European funds. Trade unions and employers´ associations are subjects with prominent position and permanent access to political decision-makers, thanks to that they have a tremendous chance to influence the shape of public policies. They played an important role during the transfer to a market economy in the process of economic restructuring, and their importance has increased as a result of both the accession of the countries to the European Union and their subsequent contributions to the European social dialogue. An important aspect of the participation in policy formation is the formalisation and structuring of consultation. Attention will be paid to different strategies chosen in the investigated countries with the aim to harmonise the interests and intensify the dialogue between economic and social partners at the national and European levels

Perception of Terrorism and Security and the Role of Media

The paper tackles important questions related to organized crime and terrorism by focusing on perception of terrorism across and outside the European Union using a variety of empirical resources. The paper first offers general overview of citizens ‘perceptions and attitudes toward terrorism and security, conditionality of these, as well as attitudes to the various tradeoffs, as demonstrated on the tensions between freedom and privacy on one hand and security on the other. Second, it concentrates on the key role of media in transmitting information and shaping opinions on key security issues (case studies include cyber terrorism as an example of risk and 3D scanner as an example of security measure). Thirdly, and lastly, the paper looks at the role of online media, which have in recent years profoundly changed the media landscape – information provision and impact of information on public opinion, as well as use of social media for public mobilization shows, that online media, including social media have created new virtual sphere, which is transnational and whose functioning and impact on perception of terrorism and attitudes has been so far not the focus of academic research. The paper aims to fill the gap and answer the following questions: How do media actually frame terrorism and organized crime? Has the media coverage of terrorism and organized crime made the public more sensitive to the issue of security? And, if so, how are the (security)threats perceived and discussed by the media

Bilanz der tschechischen Innenpolitik im Jahre 1993

SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-950106141 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government V - ISSP 2016

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about political attitudes and the role of government.Obey the law without exception vs. follow conscience on occasions; public protest meetings and protest marches and demonstrations against the government should be allowed; allowance for revolutionaries to hold public meetings and to publish books expressing their views; worse type of justice error (to convict an innocent person or to let a guilty person go free); consent or rejection of various economic measures by the government (cuts in government spending, government financing of projects to create new jobs, less government regulation of business, support for industry to develop new products and technology, support for declining industries to protect jobs, reducing the working week to create more jobs); preference for more or less government spending in various areas (the environment, health, the police and law enforcement, education, the military and defence, old age pensions, unemployment benefits, culture and the arts); question of government´s responsibility (provide a job for everyone, keep prices under control, provide health care for the sick, provide a decent standard of living for the old, provide industry with the help it needs to grow, provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed, reduce income differences between the rich and the poor, give financial help to university students from low-income families, provide decent housing for those who can’t afford it, impose strict laws to make industry do less damage to the environment, promote equality between men and women); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, care for older people, and school education (Government, private companies/for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/charities/cooperatives, religious organisations, family relatives or friends); most and second most influence factor on government actions (e.g. the media, trade unions, business, banks and industry, etc.); policies in the country depend more on what is happening in the world economy, rather than who is in government vice versa; opinion on civil liberties and public security: government should have the right to keep people under video surveillance in public areas, and to monitor e-mails and any other information exchanged on the Internet; all government information should be publicly available vs. limited (scale 0-10); government should have the right to collect information about anyone living in the country, and about anyone living abroad without their knowledge; government should have the right to detain people without putting them on trial, to tap people’s telephone conversations, and to stop and search people in the street at random; interest in politics; people like me don’t have any say about what the government does; pretty good understanding of the important political issues; Members of Parliament try to keep promises; most civil servants can be trusted; evaluation of the amount of taxes for high incomes, middle incomes, and low incomes; tax authorities make sure people pay their taxes, and treat everyone in accordance with the law; major private companies comply with laws, and try to avoid paying their taxes; corruption: estimated incidence of corruption among politicians, and among public officials; personal experience with corruption in the last five years: frequency of how often a public official wanted a bribe; evaluation of success of the government in providing health care, in providing a decent standard of living for the old, and in dealing with security threats. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted in last general election; party voted (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code.Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu politischen Einstellungen und der Rolle der Regierung.Gesetze befolgen ohne Ausnahme vs. Entscheidung nach Gewissen; öffentliche Protestveranstaltungen, Protestmärsche und Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung sollten erlaubt sein; Erlaubnis für Revolutionäre, öffentliche Versammlungen abzuhalten und Bücher zu veröffentlichen, die ihre Ansichten zum Ausdruck bringen; schlimmerer Justizirrtum (eine unschuldige Person zu verurteilen oder einen Schuldigen freizulassen); Zustimmung oder Ablehnung verschiedener wirtschaftlicher Maßnahmen durch die Regierung (Kürzungen der Staatsausgaben, staatliche Finanzierung von Projekten zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze, weniger staatliche Regulierung von Unternehmen, Unterstützung der Industrie bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und Technologien, Unterstützung für rückläufige Industrien zum Schutz von Arbeitsplätzen, Verringerung der Wochenarbeitszeit zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen); Präferenz für mehr oder weniger Staatsausgaben in verschiedenen Bereichen (Umwelt, Gesundheit, Polizei und Strafverfolgung, Bildung, Militär und Verteidigung, Altersrenten, Arbeitslosenunterstützung, Kultur und Kunst); Frage der Regierungsverantwortung (Arbeit für alle, Preiskontrolle, Gesundheitsfürsorge für Kranke, angemessener Lebensstandard für alte Menschen, Hilfe für die Industrie, angemessener Lebensstandard für Arbeitslose, Verringern der Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Arm und Reich, Unterstützung für Studenten aus einkommensschwachen Familien, menschenwürdige Unterkünfte für diejenigen bereitzustellen, die es sich nicht leisten können, strenge Gesetze auferlegen, um die Industrie zu veranlassen, weniger Umweltschäden anzurichten, Förderung der Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen); Verantwortlichkeit für die Gesundheitsversorgung Kranker, die Versorgung älterer Menschen und die Schulbildung (Regierung, private Unternehmen/Gewinnorganisationen, Non-Profit-Organisationen/ Wohlfahrtsverbände/Genossenschaften, religiöse Organisationen, Familienangehörige oder Freunde); Akteure mit dem größten und zweitgrößten Einfluss auf das Handeln der Regierung (z.B. Medien, Gewerkschaften, Unternehmen, Banken und Industrie usw.); Politik im Land mehr abhängig von der Weltwirtschaft als von Regierenden und vice versa; Meinung zu Bürgerrechten und öffentlicher Sicherheit: Regierung sollte das Recht haben zur Videoüberwachung von Personen in öffentlichen Bereichen und zur Überwachung von E-Mails; alle Regierungsinformationen sollten öffentlich zugänglich vs. begrenzt sein; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Informationen zu sammeln über jeden, der im Land oder im Ausland lebt ohne dessen Wissen; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Menschen ohne Gerichtsverfahren in Haft zu nehmen, Telefongespräche anzuzapfen und Leute auf der Straße nach dem Zufallsprinzip zu stoppen und zu durchsuchen; Politikinteresse; Leute wie ich haben kein Mitspracherecht über das, was die Regierung tut; gutes Verständnis wichtiger politischer Fragen; Abgeordnete versuchen Wahlversprechen zu halten; den meisten Beamten kann vertraut werden; Bewertung der Höhe der Steuern für hohe Einkommen, mittlere Einkommen und niedrige Einkommen; Steuerbehörden stellen sicher, dass die Menschen ihre Steuern zahlen und behandeln alle in Übereinstimmung mit dem Gesetz; große private Unternehmen halten sich an Gesetze und versuchen Steuerzahlungen zu vermeiden; Korruption: geschätzte Häufigkeit von Korruption unter Politikern und Beamten; persönliche Erfahrungen mit Korruption in den letzten fünf Jahren: Häufigkeit von Bestechungsversuchen durch Beamte; Bewertung des Erfolgs der Regierung in den Bereichen Gesundheitsversorgung, Bereitstellung eines angemessenen Lebensstandards für Alte und im Umgang mit Sicherheitsbedrohungen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Geburtsjahr; Jahre der Schulbildung; Bildung (länderspezifisch); höchster Bildungsbschluss; Erwerbsstatus; Wochenarbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Zahl der Beschäftigten (Unternehmensgröße); Weisungsbefugnis; Anzahl der Mitarbeiter für die Weisungsbefugnis besteht; Art des Unternehmens: Profit vs. Non-Profit und öffentlich vs. privat; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Religionszugehörigkeit oder Konfession (länderspezifisch); Konfessionsgruppen; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; subjektive Schichteinstufung (Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala); Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten allgemeinen Wahl und gewählte länderspezifische Partei; Links-Rechts-Einstufung der gewählten Partei; Selbsteinschätzung der Zugehörigkeit zu einer ethnischen Gruppe 1 und 2 (länderspezifisch); Anzahl der Kinder im Haushalt; Anzahl der Kleinkinder im Haushalt; Haushaltsgröße; Einkommen des Befragten (länderspezifisch); Familieneinkommen (länderspezifisch); Geburtsland von Vater und Mutter; Familienstand; Urbanisierungsgrad des Wohnortes; Region (länderspezifisch). Informationen über Ehegatten/Partner zu folgenden Themen: Erwerbsstatus; wöchentliche Arbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Weisungsbefugnis; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Datum des Interviews (Jahr, Monat, Tag); Kennzeichen für die Ersetzung von Fällen; Art der Datenerhebung; Gewicht; Ländercode ISO 3166, Ländercode/Sample ISO 3166; Ländercode Präfix ISO 3166

International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government V - ISSP 2016

The role of Government Topics: Obey the law without exception vs. follow conscience on occasions; public protest meetings and protest marches and demonstrations against the government should be allowed; allowance for revolutionaries to hold public meetings and to publish books expressing their views; worse type of justice error (to convict an innocent person or to let a guilty person go free); consent or rejection of various economic measures by the government (cuts in government spending, government financing of projects to create new jobs, less government regulation of business, support for industry to develop new products and technology, support for declining industries to protect jobs, reducing the working week to create more jobs); preference for more or less government spending in various areas (the environment, health, the police and law enforcement, education, the military and defence, old age pensions, unemployment benefits, culture and the arts); question of government´s responsibility (provide a job for everyone, keep prices under control, provide health care for the sick, provide a decent standard of living for the old, provide industry with the help it needs to grow, provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed, reduce income differences between the rich and the poor, give financial help to university students from low-income families, provide decent housing for those who can’t afford it, impose strict laws to make industry do less damage to the environment, promote equality between men and women); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, care for older people, and school education (Government, private companies/for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/charities/cooperatives, religious organisations, family relatives or friends); most and second most influence factor on government actions (e.g. the media, trade unions, business, banks and industry, etc.); policies in the country depend more on what is happening in the world economy, rather than who is in government vice versa; opinion on civil liberties and public security: government should have the right to keep people under video surveillance in public areas, and to monitor e-mails and any other information exchanged on the Internet; all government information should be publicly available vs. limited (scale 0-10); government should have the right to collect information about anyone living in the country, and about anyone living abroad without their knowledge; government should have the right to detain people without putting them on trial, to tap people’s telephone conversations, and to stop and search people in the street at random; interest in politics; people like me don’t have any say about what the government does; pretty good understanding of the important political issues; Members of Parliament try to keep promises; most civil servants can be trusted; evaluation of the amount of taxes for high incomes, middle incomes, and low incomes; tax authorities make sure people pay their taxes, and treat everyone in accordance with the law; major private companies comply with laws, and try to avoid paying their taxes; corruption: estimated incidence of corruption among politicians, and among public officials; personal experience with corruption in the last five years: frequency of how often a public official wanted a bribe; evaluation of success of the government in providing health care, in providing a decent standard of living for the old, and in dealing with security threats. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted in last general election; party voted (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code