Pharmacognostical and phytochemical blueprint of Abroma augusta L. stem bark

Uses of Abroma augusta L. stem and root are mentioned in traditional texts where the presence of the alkaloid, betaine in these parts is known. The study was undertaken to generate a pharmacognostical and phytochemical blueprint of Abroma augusta stem bark and detection of the bioactive alkaloid, betaine in it. Authenticated plant materials were subjected to pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies. HPTLC, HPLC, and FTIR were used for chemical fingerprinting of the plant materials. Diagnostic features of A. augusta stem bark such as organoleptic evaluation, powder microscopic characters, fluorescence profile with various reagents were established. Phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, but fewer terpenoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. This was rationalized by FTIR spectroscopy of the chloroform extract that gave maximum extractive yield. HPTLC and HPLC fingerprint profiling with marker identification was generated. The alkaloid, betaine was isolated and identified by mass spectrum. The botanical and chemical screening suggested that A. augusta stem bark may be a potential substitute for the root or stem of the plant. However, further, bio-evaluations are required to ascertain its possible clinical applications. The generated profile may serve as a reference document in future for identification and authentication of the plant material

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical blueprint of Abroma augusta L. stem bark

271-280Uses of Abroma augusta L. stem and root are mentioned in traditional texts where the presence of the alkaloid, betaine in these parts is known. The study was undertaken to generate a pharmacognostical and phytochemical blueprint of Abroma augusta stem bark and detection of the bioactive alkaloid, betaine in it. Authenticated plant materials were subjected to pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical studies. HPTLC, HPLC, and FTIR were used for chemical fingerprinting of the plant materials. Diagnostic features of A. augusta stem bark such as organoleptic evaluation, powder microscopic characters, fluorescence profile with various reagents were established. Phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, but fewer terpenoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. This was rationalized by FTIR spectroscopy of the chloroform extract that gave maximum extractive yield. HPTLC and HPLC fingerprint profiling with marker identification was generated. The alkaloid, betaine was isolated and identified by mass spectrum. The botanical and chemical screening suggested that A. augusta stem bark may be a potential substitute for the root or stem of the plant. However, further, bio-evaluations are required to ascertain its possible clinical applications. The generated profile may serve as a reference document in future for identification and authentication of the plant material

Seasonal dynamics of Shatavarin-IV, a potential biomarker of Asparagus racemosus by HPTLC: Possible validation of the ancient Ayurvedic text.

174-181The medicinal property of Asparagus racemosus is primarily attributed to its constituent steroidal saponins, particularly the major component, shatavarin-IV. Thus, it can serve as a biomarker and its level can decide of the utility of the plant cultivar as a drug. Hence, a sensitive, reliable and quantitative High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method has been established for quantification of shatavarin-IV in the methanolic extracts of the roots collected in both summer and rainy seasons. The extracts of the powders of dried roots were applied to silica gel 60 F254 aluminum-supported precoated TLC plates and developed with n-hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol, 80:10:10 (v/v), as the mobile phase. Shatavarin-IV was detected and quantified by densitometry at λ = 336 nm. The accuracy of the method was checked by conducting recovery studies at three different levels of shatavarin-IV. The average recovery was found to be 101% and 107% for summer and rainy seasons respectively. The shatavarin-IV contents, as estimated by the proposed method were 12.5 μg gm-1 and 10.9 μg gm-1 in summer and rainy roots respectively. The entire method was performed six times (n=6) to check the repeatability. The proposed HPTLC method for quantitative monitoring of shatavarin-IV in A. racemosus roots collected in different seasons strictly adhered to the validation issues laid down by the ICH guidelines. The method is reliable reproducible and highly precise and selective

Seasonal dynamics of Shatavarin-IV, a potential biomarker of Asparagus racemosus by HPTLC: Possible validation of the ancient Ayurvedic text.

The medicinal property of Asparagus racemosus is primarily attributed to its constituent steroidal saponins, particularly the major component, shatavarin-IV. Thus, it can serve as a biomarker and its level can decide of the utility of the plant cultivar as a drug. Hence, a sensitive, reliable and quantitative High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method has been established for quantification of shatavarin-IV in the methanolic extracts of the roots collected in both summer and rainy seasons. The extracts of the powders of dried roots were applied to silica gel 60 F254 aluminum-supported precoated TLC plates and developed with n-hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol, 80:10:10 (v/v), as the mobile phase. Shatavarin-IV was detected and quantified by densitometry at λ = 336 nm. The accuracy of the method was checked by conducting recovery studies at three different levels of shatavarin-IV. The average recovery was found to be 101% and 107% for summer and rainy seasons respectively. The shatavarin-IV contents, as estimated by the proposed method were 12.5 μg gm-1 and 10.9 μg gm-1 in summer and rainy roots respectively. The entire method was performed six times (n=6) to check the repeatability. The proposed HPTLC method for quantitative monitoring of shatavarin-IV in A. racemosus roots collected in different seasons strictly adhered to the validation issues laid down by the ICH guidelines. The method is reliable reproducible and highly precise and selective

Powder microscopic, physicochemical and chromatographic approach for the quality control of anti-hypertensive drug Rattha Piththathirku Kudinir Chooranam

The present work aims to study powder microscopy, physicochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography photo documentation and fingerprint profiles of a Siddha drug, Rattha Piththathirku Kudinir Chooranam (RPK). The raw drugs were collected, authenticated and the RPK was prepared. Then the drug was investigated for powder microscopic characters, physicochemical parameters, Thin Layer Chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint profiles of successive n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol and hydro alcohol (1:1) extracts. The successive and hydro alcohol extracts of the drug displayed distinct TLC spots and HPTLC peaks which are distinct to this drug

Fingerprints of two medicinal species of Alternanthera – A. ficoidea and A. sessilis to facilitate differentiation in dried form

Amaranthaceae family members are of folkloric importance. Present work aims to evaluate differentiation between two species Alternanthera ficoidea and Alternanthera sessilis. Plant samples were collected and authenticated. Powder microscopy, phytochemical, physicochemical, HPTLC photo documentation & fingerprint profiling (n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol) and HPLC analysis of both samples were performed. Powder microscopic studies of both species were carried out and the characteristic features were captured and documented. Physico-chemical investigation divulged the different ash content of two species. Phytochemical investigation revealed the variance of secondary metabolites in different extracts of the samples. Photo documentation as well as fingerprint profile by HPTLC followed spectral comparison and HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of common compounds in different extracts of the selected species

Pharmacopoeial Standards for Venpucani Ilakam - A classical Siddha medicine

Belief on the therapeutic values of herbal medicine is in increasing trend and the consumption of traditional medicine is also in upward trend.  The quality control and assurance of these traditional medicines is a prime criterion for any herbal drug manufacturer. Venpucani ilakam (VPI) is a classical poly herbal Siddha medicine under the category Ilakam (Legiyam in Ayurveda). This poly herbal medicine is a combination of 18 ingredients of plants and animal origins. An attempt was made to prepare the drug with authenticated ingredients and subjected to physicochemical analysis, thin layer chromatographic photo documentation and high performance thin layer chromatographic finger printing. The TLC photo documentation of defatted chloroform extract showed nine spots under UV 254, ten spots under UV 366 nm and eleven spots after derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid; defatted success ethanol extract showed five spots under short wavelength, six spots under long wavelength and seven spots after derivatization. HPTLC finger printing recorded eleven peaks under 254 nm, seventeen under 366 nm and fifteen peaks after derivatization in defatted chloroform extract; nine peaks under 254 nm, eleven peaks under 366 nm and eight peaks after derivatization in defatted ethanol extract. About twenty three percent loss in weight was observed on heating at 105oC and drug was acidic nature. Not less than fourty percentage of the drug was soluble in alcohol and also in water. This drug has wide therapeutic use and the derived results may serve as reference standards.

Chemical Standards and HPTLC Finger Print Profiles of a Siddha Polyherbal Formulation - Kadukkai Legiyam

To study physico-chemical, phytochemical and high performance thin layer chromatography of a Siddha drug “Kadukkai Legiyam” (KL). The prepared Kadukkai Legiyam (KL) was prepared as per the standard operating procedures mentioned in literature. Then the drug was subjected to physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatographic photo documentation (TLC), high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) finger print profile of hexane, chloroform, ethanol and hydro alcohol (1:1) extracts.  Different extracts of the drug showed distinct TLC and HPTLC finger print patterns which will be unique to this drug. This study giving information about physiochemical and phytochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprint profile of different extracts, the integration spectrum which will useful in standardizing the raw drugs and future comparison studies

LEAD CONTAMINATION STATUS IN ABIOTIC COMPONENTS AND HUMAN HAIR AROUND BIDHYADHARI ESTUARY OF INDIAN SUNDARBAN DELTA

Lead (Pb) is found to be present in different abiotic components and human hair at all the stations from S1 to S5 around Bidyadhari river and its value ranged from 1.02 - 6.22 µg/gm. Concentration of Pb decreased in stations away from that river and seemed as less contaminated stations. The concentration of Pb is found to be about 25 times and 45 times more than the tolerance limit in surface water and tube well water respectively. Human hairs contained more concentration of Pb than that in water. Average concentration of Pb in human hairs was 2.78 and 3.73 µg/gm in less polluted station (S5) and more polluted stations (S1 to S4) respectively indicating biomagnification of Pb in man. Tube well water appears to be more polluted than the river water and supposed to be a major threat of Pb pollution in the Bidyadhari estuary, West Bengal, India

Fingerprints of two medicinal species of Alternanthera – A. ficoidea and A. sessilis to facilitate differentiation in dried form

525-536Amaranthaceae family members are of folkloric importance. Present work aims to evaluate differentiation between two species Alternanthera ficoidea and Alternanthera sessilis. Plant samples were collected and authenticated. Powder microscopy, phytochemical, physicochemical, HPTLC photo documentation & fingerprint profiling (n-hexane, successive chloroform, successive ethanol) and HPLC analysis of both samples were performed. Powder microscopic studies of both species were carried out and the characteristic features were captured and documented. Physico-chemical investigation divulged the different ash content of two species. Phytochemical investigation revealed the variance of secondary metabolites in different extracts of the samples. Photo documentation as well as fingerprint profile by HPTLC followed spectral comparison and HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of common compounds in different extracts of the selected species