Initial performance of ten oil palm cross combinations under three agro-climatic conditions in India

High yielding hybrids can play an important role in increasing the productivity of oil in the oil palm. With a view to evaluate high yielding new oil palm cross combinations, a field experiment was conducted in different agro-climatic regions of India viz., Zone No-10 Southern Plateau and Hills (Gangavathi, Karnataka), Zone No-12 Western Coastal Plains and Ghats (Mulde, Maharashtra) and Zone No-11 Eastern Coastal Plains and Hills (Vijayarai, Andhra Pradesh) involving ten cross combinations of tenera oil palm (NRCOP 1-10). The data from three locations over two years indicated that, significantly higher annual rate of leaf production per palm was recorded in NRCOP-6 (21.7) compared to NRCOP-3 and it was on par with other hybrid combinations. Significantly higher sex ratio was recorded with NRCOP-4 (63.1%) compared to NRCOP-1 (54.6%) and NRCOP-6 (54.8%) and was on par with other hybrid combinations.The hybrid cross combination, NRCOP-4 recorded significantly higher fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) yield 12.5 t ha-1 compared to NRCOP-1, NRCOP-3, NRCOP-7 and NRCOP-9 and it was on par with remaining hybrids and a similar result in bunch weight and number of bunches per palm was recorded. Pooled data on FFB yield for 2013-15 indicated that the hybrid combination NRCOP-4 which recorded higher FFB yield (12.6 t ha-1) at Gangavathi and at Vijayarai (22.6 t ha-1) have better prospects for adaptation under Tungabhadra command area and coastal region of Andhra Pradesh. For Konkan region of Maharashtra, the hybrid NRCOP-8 recorded the highest FFB yield

REVERSED PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ATORVASTATIN IN BULK DRUG AND FORMULATION

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, selective, rapid, precise, and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method fordetermination of atorvastatin in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulation product.Method: Reversed phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was performed by a mobile phase consisting mixture of methanol and ammonium acetate buffer(pH 4.5) in the proportion 60:40 v/v. A ZORBAX Eclipse plus C(4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μ) column was used as a stationary phase. HPLC analysis ofatorvastatin was carried out at a wavelength of 241 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/minute.18 Results: The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with a correlation coefficient 0.9984. Thelinear regression equation was y=3726540.2x+27390388.1. This was found to give a sharp peak of atorvastatin at a retention time of 2.77 minutes.Validation parameters were evaluated for the method according to the ICH (Q2R1) guidelines. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for themethod were 0.6721 μg/mL and 1.9989 μg/mL, respectively. The % relative standard deviation values for intra-day precision and inter-day precisionwere found to be 0.31% and 0.30%, respectively. An accuracy of the method was determined through recovery studies which were found to be within97.57-102.22%.Conclusion: The method was validated for system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness. The precision, accuracy, sensitivityshort retention time and composition of the mobile phase indicated that this method is better than the earlier methods developed for the quantificationof atorvastatin.Keywords: Atorvastatin, Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic method development, Validation

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING REVERSE PHASE HIGH‑PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PIRIBEDIL IN BULK DRUG

ABSTRACTObjective: A simple, precise, fast, economic, accurate, robust, and stability indicating isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographicmethod was developed for the analysis of Piribedil.Method: The chromatographic conditions were standardized using Unisol C-18 (4.6 × 150 mm × 3.0 μ) column with UV detection at 244 nm, and themobile phase composed of methanol:acetate buffer-pH 5.0 (85:15, v/v).Results: The retention time of Piribedil was found to be 3.4 minutes. The calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.999 over aconcentration range of 20-100 μg/ml with linear regression equationy=74,69,224.37x−39,46,924.90. The limit of detection and limit of quantitationwere found to be 0.04 and 0.4 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method has been validated according to the ICH guidelines. Piribedil was subjected to stress conditions includingacidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation. Piribedil is more sensitive to photolytic stress. There are no interfering peaks fromdegradation products at analyte retention time, and thus the method is specific for the estimation of Piribedil in the presence of degradation products.Thus, the proposed method can be successfully applied in the routine quality control and stability samples of Piribedil in bulk drug.Keywords: Piribedil, Validation, Stability indicating, Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic

Aspen pectate lyase PtxtPL1-27 mobilizes matrix polysaccharides from woody tissues and improves saccharification yield

Peer reviewe

Design and syntheses of highly potent teixobactin analogues against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in vitro and in vivo

The cyclic depsipeptide, teixobactin kills a number of Gram positive bacteria including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis without detectable resistance. To date, teixobactin is the only molecule in its class which has shown in vivo antibacterial efficacy. There have been no in vivo evaluation studies on teixobactin analogues. In this work, we have designed and synthesized 10 new in vivo ready teixobactin analogues. These analogues showed highly potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in vitro. One analogue, D-Arg4-Leu10-teixobactin 2 was found to be non-cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, in a mice model of S. aureus keratitis, topical instillation of peptide 2 decreased the bacterial bioburden (>99.0% reduction) and corneal edema significantly when compared to untreated cornea. Collectively, our results establish the excellent therapeutic potential of teixobactin analogue in attenuating bacterial infections and the associated severities

Bearing capacity of square footings on geosynthetic reinforced sand

The results from laboratory model tests and numerical simulations on square footings resting on sand are presented. Bearing capacity of footings on geosynthetic reinforced sand is evaluated and the effect of various reinforcement parameters like the type and tensile strength of geosynthetic material, amount of reinforcement, layout and configuration of geosynthetic layers below the footing on the bearing capacity improvement of the footings is studied through systemati model studies. A steel tank of size 900 x 900 x 600 mm is used for conducting model tests. Four types of grids, namely strong biaxial geogrid, weak biaxial geogrid, uniaxial geogrid and a geonet, each with different tensile strength, are used in the tests. Geosynthetic reinforcement is provided in the form of planar layers, varying the depth of reinforced zone below the footing, number of geosynthetic layers within the reinforced zone and the width of geosynthetic layers in different tests. Influence of all these parameters on the bearing capacity improvement of square footing and its settlement is studied by comparing with the test on unreinforced sand. Results show that the effective depth of reinforcement is twice the width of the footing and optimum spacing of geosynthetic layers is half the width of the footing. It is observed that the layout and configuration of reinforcement play a vital role in bearing capacity improvement rather than the tensile strength of the geosynthetic material. Experimental observations are supported by the findings from numerical analyses