1,450 research outputs found
Vacuum Ambiguity in de Sitter Space at Strong Coupling
It is well known that in the weak coupling regime, quantum field theories in
de Sitter space do not have a unique vacuum, but a class of vacua parametrized
by a complex parameter , i.e., the so-called -vacua. In this
article, using gauge/gravity duality, we calculate the symmetric two-point
function of strongly coupled supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on
. We find that there is a class of de Sitter invariant vacua,
parametrized by a set of complex parameters .Comment: 17 pages in JHEP style, references adde
Plasma photoemission from string theory
Leading 't Hooft coupling corrections to the photoemission rate of the planar
limit of a strongly-coupled {\cal {N}}=4 SYM plasma are investigated using the
gauge/string duality. We consider the full order \alpha'^3 type IIB string
theory corrections to the supergravity action, including higher order terms
with the Ramond-Ramond five-form field strength. We extend our previous results
presented in arXiv:1110.0526. Photoemission rates depend on the 't Hooft
coupling, and their curves suggest an interpolating behaviour from strong
towards weak coupling regimes. Their slopes at zero light-like momentum give
the electrical conductivity as a function of the 't Hooft coupling, in full
agreement with our previous results of arXiv:1108.6306. Furthermore, we also
study the effect of corrections beyond the large N limit.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figures, paragraph added in the conclusions, references
added, typos correcte
Universality and exactness of Schrodinger geometries in string and M-theory
We propose an organizing principle for classifying and constructing
Schrodinger-invariant solutions within string theory and M-theory, based on the
idea that such solutions represent nonlinear completions of linearized vector
and graviton Kaluza-Klein excitations of AdS compactifications. A crucial
simplification, derived from the symmetry of AdS, is that the nonlinearities
appear only quadratically. Accordingly, every AdS vacuum admits infinite
families of Schrodinger deformations parameterized by the dynamical exponent z.
We exhibit the ease of finding these solutions by presenting three new
constructions: two from M5 branes, both wrapped and extended, and one from the
D1-D5 (and S-dual F1-NS5) system. From the boundary perspective, perturbing a
CFT by a null vector operator can lead to nonzero beta-functions for spin-2
operators; however, symmetry restricts them to be at most quadratic in
couplings. This point of view also allows us to easily prove nonrenormalization
theorems: for any Sch(z) solution of two-derivative supergravity constructed in
the above manner, z is uncorrected to all orders in higher derivative
corrections if the deforming KK mode lies in a short multiplet of an AdS
supergroup. Furthermore, we find infinite classes of 1/4 BPS solutions with
4-,5- and 7-dimensional Schrodinger symmetry that are exact.Comment: 31 pages, plus appendices; v2, minor corrections, added refs, slight
change in interpretation in section 2.3, new Schrodinger and Lifshitz
solutions included; v3, clarifications in sections 2 and 3 regarding
existence of solutions and multi-trace operator
Singular values of the Dirac operator in dense QCD-like theories
We study the singular values of the Dirac operator in dense QCD-like theories
at zero temperature. The Dirac singular values are real and nonnegative at any
nonzero quark density. The scale of their spectrum is set by the diquark
condensate, in contrast to the complex Dirac eigenvalues whose scale is set by
the chiral condensate at low density and by the BCS gap at high density. We
identify three different low-energy effective theories with diquark sources
applicable at low, intermediate, and high density, together with their
overlapping domains of validity. We derive a number of exact formulas for the
Dirac singular values, including Banks-Casher-type relations for the diquark
condensate, Smilga-Stern-type relations for the slope of the singular value
density, and Leutwyler-Smilga-type sum rules for the inverse singular values.
We construct random matrix theories and determine the form of the microscopic
spectral correlation functions of the singular values for all nonzero quark
densities. We also derive a rigorous index theorem for non-Hermitian Dirac
operators. Our results can in principle be tested in lattice simulations.Comment: 3 references added, version published in JHE
Anticancer drug clustering in lung cancer based on gene expression profiles and sensitivity database
BACKGROUND: The effect of current therapies in improving the survival of lung cancer patients remains far from satisfactory. It is consequently desirable to find more appropriate therapeutic opportunities based on informed insights. A molecular pharmacological analysis was undertaken to design an improved chemotherapeutic strategy for advanced lung cancer. METHODS: We related the cytotoxic activity of each of commonly used anti-cancer agents (docetaxel, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, 5-FU, SN38, cisplatin (CDDP), and carboplatin (CBDCA)) to corresponding expression pattern in each of the cell lines using a modified NCI program. RESULTS: We performed gene expression analysis in lung cancer cell lines using cDNA filter and high-density oligonucleotide arrays. We also examined the sensitivity of these cell lines to these drugs via MTT assay. To obtain our reproducible gene-drug sensitivity correlation data, we separately analyzed two sets of lung cancer cell lines, namely 10 and 19. In our gene-drug correlation analyses, gemcitabine consistently belonged to an isolated cluster in a reproducible fashion. On the other hand, docetaxel, paclitaxel, 5-FU, SN-38, CBDCA and CDDP were gathered together into one large cluster. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that chemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine should be evaluated in second-line chemotherapy in cases where the first-line chemotherapy did not include this drug. Gene expression-drug sensitivity correlations, as provided by the NCI program, may yield improved therapeutic options for treatment of specific tumor types
Benefits and risks of the hormetic effects of dietary isothiocyanates on cancer prevention
The isothiocyanate (ITC) sulforaphane (SFN) was shown at low levels (1-5 µM) to promote cell proliferation to 120-143% of the controls in a number of human cell lines, whilst at high levels (10-40 µM) it inhibited such cell proliferation. Similar dose responses were observed for cell migration, i.e. SFN at 2.5 µM increased cell migration in bladder cancer T24 cells to 128% whilst high levels inhibited cell migration. This hormetic action was also found in an angiogenesis assay where SFN at 2.5 µM promoted endothelial tube formation (118% of the control), whereas at 10-20 µM it caused significant inhibition. The precise mechanism by which SFN influences promotion of cell growth and migration is not known, but probably involves activation of autophagy since an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, abolished the effect of SFN on cell migration. Moreover, low doses of SFN offered a protective effect against free-radical mediated cell death, an effect that was enhanced by co-treatment with selenium. These results suggest that SFN may either prevent or promote tumour cell growth depending on the dose and the nature of the target cells. In normal cells, the promotion of cell growth may be of benefit, but in transformed or cancer cells it may be an undesirable risk factor. In summary, ITCs have a biphasic effect on cell growth and migration. The benefits and risks of ITCs are not only determined by the doses, but are affected by interactions with Se and the measured endpoint
The Wor1-like Protein Fgp1 Regulates Pathogenicity, Toxin Synthesis and Reproduction in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum
WOR1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in Candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, called SGE1, is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins. F. graminearum, an important pathogen of cereals, is not known to employ switching and no effector proteins from F. graminearum have been found to date that are required for infection. In this study, the potential role of the WOR1-like gene in pathogenesis was tested in this toxigenic fungus. Deletion of the WOR1 ortholog (called FGP1) in F. graminearum results in greatly reduced pathogenicity and loss of trichothecene toxin accumulation in infected wheat plants and in vitro. The loss of toxin accumulation alone may be sufficient to explain the loss of pathogenicity to wheat. Under toxin-inducing conditions, expression of genes for trichothecene biosynthesis and many other genes are not detected or detected at lower levels in Δfgp1 strains. FGP1 is also involved in the developmental processes of conidium formation and sexual reproduction and modulates a morphological change that accompanies mycotoxin production in vitro. The Wor1-like proteins in Fusarium species have highly conserved N-terminal regions and remarkably divergent C-termini. Interchanging the N- and C- terminal portions of proteins from F. oxysporum and F. graminearum resulted in partial to complete loss of function. Wor1-like proteins are conserved but have evolved to regulate pathogenicity in a range of fungi, likely by adaptations to the C-terminal portion of the protein
Angular and Current-Target Correlations in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA
Correlations between charged particles in deep inelastic ep scattering have
been studied in the Breit frame with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an
integrated luminosity of 6.4 pb-1. Short-range correlations are analysed in
terms of the angular separation between current-region particles within a cone
centred around the virtual photon axis. Long-range correlations between the
current and target regions have also been measured. The data support
predictions for the scaling behaviour of the angular correlations at high Q2
and for anti-correlations between the current and target regions over a large
range in Q2 and in the Bjorken scaling variable x. Analytic QCD calculations
and Monte Carlo models correctly describe the trends of the data at high Q2,
but show quantitative discrepancies. The data show differences between the
correlations in deep inelastic scattering and e+e- annihilation.Comment: 26 pages including 10 figures (submitted to Eur. J. Phys. C
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