418 research outputs found
An area law for entanglement from exponential decay of correlations
Area laws for entanglement in quantum many-body systems give useful
information about their low-temperature behaviour and are tightly connected to
the possibility of good numerical simulations. An intuition from quantum
many-body physics suggests that an area law should hold whenever there is
exponential decay of correlations in the system, a property found, for
instance, in non-critical phases of matter. However, the existence of quantum
data-hiding state--that is, states having very small correlations, yet a volume
scaling of entanglement--was believed to be a serious obstruction to such an
implication. Here we prove that notwithstanding the phenomenon of data hiding,
one-dimensional quantum many-body states satisfying exponential decay of
correlations always fulfil an area law. To obtain this result we combine
several recent advances in quantum information theory, thus showing the
usefulness of the field for addressing problems in other areas of physics.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Short version of arXiv:1206.2947 Nature Physics
(2013
Light-cone-like spreading of correlations in a quantum many-body system
How fast can correlations spread in a quantum many-body system? Based on the
seminal work by Lieb and Robinson, it has recently been shown that several
interacting many-body systems exhibit an effective light cone that bounds the
propagation speed of correlations. The existence of such a "speed of light" has
profound implications for condensed matter physics and quantum information, but
has never been observed experimentally. Here we report on the time-resolved
detection of propagating correlations in an interacting quantum many-body
system. By quenching a one-dimensional quantum gas in an optical lattice, we
reveal how quasiparticle pairs transport correlations with a finite velocity
across the system, resulting in an effective light cone for the quantum
dynamics. Our results open important perspectives for understanding relaxation
of closed quantum systems far from equilibrium as well as for engineering
efficient quantum channels necessary for fast quantum computations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Electromagnetic channel capacity for practical purposes
We give analytic upper bounds to the channel capacity C for transmission of
classical information in electromagnetic channels (bosonic channels with
thermal noise). In the practically relevant regimes of high noise and low
transmissivity, by comparison with know lower bounds on C, our inequalities
determine the value of the capacity up to corrections which are irrelevant for
all practical purposes. Examples of such channels are radio communication,
infrared or visible-wavelength free space channels. We also provide bounds to
active channels that include amplification.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. NB: the capacity bounds are constructed by
generalizing to the multi-mode case the minimum-output entropy bounds of
arXiv:quant-ph/0404005 [Phys. Rev. A 70, 032315 (2004)
Quantum spin liquid states in the two dimensional kagome antiferromagnets, ZnxCu4-x(OD)6Cl2
A three-dimensional system of interacting spins typically develops static
long-range order when it is cooled. If the spins are quantum (S = 1/2),
however, novel quantum paramagnetic states may appear. The most highly sought
state among them is the resonating valence bond (RVB) state in which every pair
of neighboring quantum spins form entangled spin singlets (valence bonds) and
the singlets are quantum mechanically resonating amongst all the possible
highly degenerate pairing states. Here we provide experimental evidence for
such quantum paramagnetic states existing in frustrated antiferromagnets,
ZnxCu4-x(OD)6Cl2, where the S = 1/2 magnetic Cu2+ moments form layers of a
two-dimensional kagome lattice. We find that in Cu4(OD)6Cl2, where distorted
kagome planes are weakly coupled to each other, a dispersionless excitation
mode appears in the magnetic excitation spectrum below ~ 20 K, whose
characteristics resemble those of quantum spin singlets in a solid state, known
as a valence bond solid (VBS), that breaks translational symmetry. Doping
nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions reduces the distortion of the kagome lattice, and weakens
the interplane coupling but also dilutes the magnetic occupancy of the kagome
lattice. The VBS state is suppressed and for ZnCu3(OD)6Cl2 where the kagome
planes are undistorted and 90% occupied by the Cu2+ ions, the low energy spin
fluctuations in the spin liquid phase become featureless
Recovery of Barotrauma Injuries in Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Exposure to Pile Driving Sound
Juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were exposed to simulated high intensity pile driving signals to evaluate their ability to recover from barotrauma injuries. Fish were exposed to one of two cumulative sound exposure levels for 960 pile strikes (217 or 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum; single strike sound exposure levels of 187 or 180 dB re 1 µPa2⋅s SELss respectively). This was followed by an immediate assessment of injuries, or assessment 2, 5, or 10 days post-exposure. There were no observed mortalities from the pile driving sound exposure. Fish exposed to 217 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum displayed evidence of healing from injuries as post-exposure time increased. Fish exposed to 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum sustained minimal injuries that were not significantly different from control fish at days 0, 2, and 10. The exposure to 210 dB re 1 µPa2·s SELcum replicated the findings in a previous study that defined this level as the threshold for onset of injury. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that one or two Mild injuries resulting from pile driving exposure are unlikely to affect the survival of the exposed animals, at least in a laboratory environment
Vortices wiggled and dragged
When a sufficiently strong magnetic field is applied to a superconductor, some of the field can pierce it through the generation of magnetic vortices, each of which contains a quantized amount of magnetic flux. Although the superconducting state of the material outside each vortex is maintained (and destroyed within each vortex), the interaction of vortices with a current passing through the material can cause them to move, dissipating energy and thereby generating a source of electrical resistance. The ability to manipulate an individual superconducting vortex represents a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of vortices and the superconductors that support them. It could also lead to the development of a new class of fluxon-based electronics
Mother Positivity and Family Adjustment in Households with Children with a Serious Disability
Only limited attention has been given to parent coping resources in the positive adjustment of families of children with a disability. This study is the first to explore maternal positivity as a psychological coping resource related to family adjustment in these families. Consistent with broaden-and-build theory and prior positivity research, positivity was operationalized through a ratio of positive to negative affect scores. We employed longitudinal tracking over a 1 year interval. Children’s diagnostic categories included developmental conditions or impairments, mental health disorders, complex health conditions, physical/motor conditions or impairments, sensory impairments, and provisionally diagnosed conditions or impairments. We used a computer assisted telephone survey to gather psychological, family, and demographic information from 152 mothers in Alberta, Canada. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated mothers’ level of positivity and age, when controlled for family adjustment at Time 1, accounted for 46% of the variance in family adjustment at Time 2. That is, older mothers with higher positivity scores were found to live in households with higher levels of family adjustment after 1 year. These findings provide promising support for broaden-and-build theory, which posits that positive experienced emotions can offset and diminish the negative health and relationship impacts of chronic stress. Study findings support the salience of mothers’ positivity as a psychological coping resource, which is related to enhanced family adjustment in situations of childhood disability
Anyonic interferometry and protected memories in atomic spin lattices
Strongly correlated quantum systems can exhibit exotic behavior called
topological order which is characterized by non-local correlations that depend
on the system topology. Such systems can exhibit remarkable phenomena such as
quasi-particles with anyonic statistics and have been proposed as candidates
for naturally fault-tolerant quantum computation. Despite these remarkable
properties, anyons have never been observed in nature directly. Here we
describe how to unambiguously detect and characterize such states in recently
proposed spin lattice realizations using ultra-cold atoms or molecules trapped
in an optical lattice. We propose an experimentally feasible technique to
access non-local degrees of freedom by performing global operations on trapped
spins mediated by an optical cavity mode. We show how to reliably read and
write topologically protected quantum memory using an atomic or photonic qubit.
Furthermore, our technique can be used to probe statistics and dynamics of
anyonic excitations.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Positivity, entanglement entropy, and minimal surfaces
The path integral representation for the Renyi entanglement entropies of
integer index n implies these information measures define operator correlation
functions in QFT. We analyze whether the limit , corresponding
to the entanglement entropy, can also be represented in terms of a path
integral with insertions on the region's boundary, at first order in .
This conjecture has been used in the literature in several occasions, and
specially in an attempt to prove the Ryu-Takayanagi holographic entanglement
entropy formula. We show it leads to conditional positivity of the entropy
correlation matrices, which is equivalent to an infinite series of polynomial
inequalities for the entropies in QFT or the areas of minimal surfaces
representing the entanglement entropy in the AdS-CFT context. We check these
inequalities in several examples. No counterexample is found in the few known
exact results for the entanglement entropy in QFT. The inequalities are also
remarkable satisfied for several classes of minimal surfaces but we find
counterexamples corresponding to more complicated geometries. We develop some
analytic tools to test the inequalities, and as a byproduct, we show that
positivity for the correlation functions is a local property when supplemented
with analyticity. We also review general aspects of positivity for large N
theories and Wilson loops in AdS-CFT.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures. Changes in presentation and discussion of
Wilson loops. Conclusions regarding entanglement entropy unchange
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