The Limitations of the World Bank's Conception of the State and the Implications for Institutional Development Strategies

Summary WDR97 has reinstated firmly on the international agenda the role of the state in development ? not with notions of the state as the chief engine of growth, but with notions of the state as a set of institutions required to provide a framework for private sector development and the proper functioning of the market. The emphasis in the Report is on how to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the state in this context. What is required to complement the analyses in the Report is: a better understanding of the variety of ways in which different states are embedded in societies; a broader understanding of the non?economic roles of states; more attention to the social biases embodied in most institutional arrangements; and the need for démocratisation, not simply to improve performance in the economic sense, but rather to improve performance in a political sense – to promote participation for all adult citizens and responsiveness, transparency and accountability on the part of the public authorities

INDIEN: SOCIALE KLASSER OG STATENS FUNKTIONER

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Den indiske stats økonomiske politik og de multinationale selskaber; Bidrag til en analyse af den ekstra-societale determination af statsfunktionerne

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The Role of Diabetes Co-Morbidity for Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study from Mwanza, Tanzania.

Due to the association between diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), diabetes may threaten the control of TB. In a prospective cohort study nested in a nutrition trial, we investigated the role of diabetes on changes in anthropometry, grip strength, and clinical parameters over a five months follow-up period. Among pulmonary TB patients with known diabetes status, we assessed anthropometry and clinical parameters (e.g. haemoglobin) at baseline and after two and five months of TB treatment. A linear mixed-effects model (repeated measurements) was used to investigate the role of diabetes during recovery. Of 1205 TB patients, the mean (standard deviation) age was 36.6 (13.0) years, 40.9% were females, 48.9% were HIV co-infected, and 16.3% had diabetes. TB patients with diabetes co-morbidity experienced a lower weight gain at two (1.3 kg, CI95% 0.5; 2.0, p = 0.001) and five months (1.0 kg, CI95% 0.3; 1.7, p = 0.007). Similarly, the increase in the level of haemoglobin was lower among TB patients with diabetes co-morbidity after two (Δ 0.6 g/dL, CI95% 0.3; 0.9 p < 0.001) and five months (Δ 0.5 g/dL, CI95% 0.2; 0.9 p = 0.004) of TB treatment, respectively. TB patients initiating TB treatment with diabetes co-morbidity experience delayed recovery of body mass and haemoglobin, which are important for the functional recovery from disease